J/A+A/654/A169ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/654/A169doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36540169CDSLiodakis I.Hovatta T.Aller M.F.Aller H.D.Gurwell M.A.,Laehteenmaeki A.Tornikoski M.2022-03-16T12:56:46Z2021-12-20T09:00:50ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleiradio-sourcesSupermassive black holes can launch highly relativistic jets with velocities reaching Lorentz factors of as high as {GAMMA}>50. How the jets accelerate to such high velocities and where along the jet they reach terminal velocity are open questions that are tightly linked to their structure as well as their launching and dissipation mechanisms. Changes in the beaming factor along the jets could potentially reveal jet acceleration, deceleration, or bending. We aim to (1) quantify the relativistic effects in multiple radio frequencies and (2) study possible jet velocity-viewing angle variations at parsec scales. We used the state-of-the-art code Magnetron to model light curves from the University of Michigan Radio Observatory and the Metsahovi Radio Observatory's monitoring programs in five frequencies covering about 25 years of observations in the 4.8 to 37GHz range for 61 sources. We supplement our data set with high-frequency radio observations in the 100-340GHz range from ALMA, CARMA, and SMA. For each frequency we estimate the Doppler factor which we use to quantify possible changes in the relativistic effects along the jets. The majority of our sources do not show any statistically significant difference in their Doppler factor across frequencies. This is consistent with constant velocity in a conical jet structure, as expected at parsec scales. However, our analysis reveals 17 sources where relativistic beaming changes as a function of frequency. In the majority of cases, the Doppler factor increases towards lower frequencies. Only 1253-053 shows the opposite behavior. By exploring their jet properties we find that the jet of 0420-014 is likely bent across the 4.8-340GHz range. For 0212+735, the jet is likely parabolic, and still accelerating in the 4.8-37GHz range. We discuss possible interpretations for the trends found in the remaining sources.2021A&A...654A.169Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/654/A169CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+AS/132/305 : Extragal. radio sources at 22, 37 and 87GHz (Terasranta+ 1998)J/A+A/427/769 : Extragalactic sources at 22, 37 and 87GHz (Terasranta+, 2004)J/A+A/440/409 : Extragalactic sources at 22 and 37GHz (Terasranta+, 2005)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/654/A169https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/654/A169http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/654/A169https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/654/A169https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/654/A169http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/654/A169GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/654/A169/table1 (Doppler factor (delta_var_) estimates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/654/A169/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/654/A169/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/654/A169/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true12.6721558-9.48478060.0055555555555555566/110 556 579 911 1263 1701 2836 3024 3096 3886 4695 4770 5423 6507 6641 7570 7896 8299 8717 9442 9460 9633 9723 10422 11430 11715 12352 13927 14737 15286 16059 16281 16298 17579 18035 18661 19271 19398 19831 20099 21358 21935 22363 22917 23099 23121 23127 23323 24084 25630 26131 26292 27060 28083 28479 28492 29570 29675 31663 31894 44908https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/654/A169?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/654/A169/table1Doppler factor (delta_var_) estimatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameB1950 name, HHMM+DDd or HHMM+DDMMmeta.id;meta.maincharzRedshiftsrc.redshiftfloatdvar4.8? Variability Doppler factor at 4.8GHzspect.dopplerParamfloatnullableE_dvar4.8? Upper error on delta_{var} at 4.8GHzstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_dvar4.8[]? Lower error on delta_{var} at 4.8GHzstat.errorfloatnullabledvar8Variability Doppler factor at 8GHzspect.dopplerParamfloatE_dvar8Upper error on delta_{var} at 8GHzstat.error;stat.maxfloate_dvar8[] Lower error on delta_{var} at 8GHzstat.errorfloatdvar14.5Variability Doppler factor at 14.5GHzspect.dopplerParamfloatE_dvar14.5Upper error on delta_{var} at 14.5GHzstat.error;stat.maxfloate_dvar14.5[] Lower error on delta_{var} at 14.5GHzstat.errorfloatdvar22Variability Doppler factor at 22GHzspect.dopplerParamfloatE_dvar22Upper error on delta_{var} at 22GHzstat.error;stat.maxfloate_dvar22[] Lower error on delta_{var} at 22GHzstat.errorfloatdvar37? Variability Doppler factor at 37GHzspect.dopplerParamfloatnullableE_dvar37? Upper error on delta_{var} at 37GHzstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_dvar37[]? Lower error on delta_{var} at 37GHzstat.errorfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/654/A169/table2Correlation resultsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameB1950 name, HHMM+DDdmeta.id;meta.maincharrhoMedian Pearson correlation coefficientstat.correlationfloatp-valueMedian Pearson correlation probabilitystat.fit.goodnessfloatSlopeMedian best-fit slopearith.grad;em.wl.central;stat.medianfloatE_SlopeUpper error on Slopestat.error;stat.maxfloate_Slope[] Lower error on Slopestat.errorfloatInterceptMedian best-fit interceptstat.fit.paramfloatE_InterceptUpper error on interceptstat.error;stat.maxfloate_Intercept[] Lower error on interceptstat.errorfloatSample[A/B] Sample designation (1)meta.idcharJ/A+A/654/A169/table3High frequency Doppler factor (delta_var_) estimatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameB1950 name, HHMM+DDdmeta.id;meta.mainchardvar100? Variability Doppler factor at 100GHzspect.dopplerParamfloatnullableE_dvar100? Upper error on delta_{var} at 100GHzstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_dvar100[]? Lower error on delta_{var} at 100GHzstat.errorfloatnullabledvar225? Variability Doppler factor at 225GHzspect.dopplerParamfloatnullableE_dvar225? Upper error on delta_{var} at 225GHzstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_dvar225[]? Lower error on delta_{var} at 225GHzstat.errorfloatnullabledvar340? Variability Doppler factor at 340GHzspect.dopplerParamfloatnullableE_dvar340? Upper error on delta_{var} at 340GHzstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_dvar340[]? Lower error on delta_{var} at 340GHzstat.errorfloatnullable