J/A+A/654/A118ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/654/A118doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36540118CDSShan Y.Reiners A.Fabbian D.Marfil E.Montes D.Tabernero H.M.,Ribas I.Caballero J.A.Quirrenbach A.Amado P.J.Aceituno J.,Bejar V.J.S.Cortes-Contreras M.Dreizler S.Hatzes A.P.Henning T.,Jeffers S.V.Kaminski A.Kuerster M.Lafarga M.Morales J.C.Nagel E.,Palle E.Passegger V.M.Rodriguez-Lopez C.Schweitzer A.Zechmeister M.2022-09-14T05:49:48Z2021-10-20T07:46:09ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frm-starschemical-abundancesatomic-physicsspectroscopyvisible-astronomyM-dwarf spectra are complex and notoriously difficult to model, posing challenges to understanding their photospheric properties and compositions in depth. Vanadium (V) is an iron-group element whose abundance supposedly closely tracks that of iron, but has origins that are not completely understood. Our aim is to characterize a series of neutral vanadium atomic absorption lines in the 800-910nm wavelength region of high signal-to-noise, high-resolution, telluric-corrected M-dwarf spectra from the CARMENES survey. Many of these lines are prominent and exhibit a distinctive broad and flat-bottom shape -- a result of hyperfine splitting (HFS). We investigate the potential and implications of these HFS-split lines for abundance analysis of cool stars. With standard spectral synthesis routines, as provided by the spectroscopy software iSpec and the latest atomic data (including HFS) available from the VALD3 database, we model these striking line profiles. We use them to measure V abundances of cool dwarfs. We determine V abundances for 135 early-M dwarfs (M0.0V to M3.5V) in the CARMENES guaranteed time observations sample. They exhibit a [V/Fe]-[Fe/H] trend consistent with that derived from nearby FG dwarfs. The tight (+/-0.1dex) correlation between [V/H] and [Fe/H] suggests the potential application of V as an alternative metallicity indicator in M dwarfs. We also show hints that a neglect to model HFS could partially explain the temperature correlation in V abundance measurements observed in previous studies of samples involving dwarf stars with Teff<=5300K. Our work suggests that HFS can impact certain absorption lines in cool photospheres more severely than in Sun-like ones. Therefore, we advocate that HFS should be carefully treated in abundance studies in stars cooler than ~5000 K. On the other hand, strong HFS split lines in high-resolution spectra present an opportunity for precision chemical analyses of large samples of cool stars. The V-to-Fe trends exhibited by the local M dwarfs continue to challenge theoretical models of V production in the Galaxy.2021A&A...654A.118Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/654/A118CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/625/A68 : Radii and masses of the CARMENES targets (Schweitzer+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/654/A118https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/654/A118http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/654/A118https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/654/A118https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/654/A118http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/654/A118GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/654/A118/tablea1 (Vanadium abundances for 135 M dwarfs)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/654/A118/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/654/A118/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/654/A118/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.295371745.78656690.0055555555555555566/497 624 811 1033 1672 1822 1875 1938 2515 2737 2747 3031 3266 3374 3658 3682 3715 3791 4033 4366 4518 5207 5534 5849 6672 7003 7264 7471 7611 7775 7837 7940 8032 8123 8208 8394 8733 8843 8915 10149 10225 10464-10465 11177 11255 11403 11671 12191 12621 12732 13085 14277 14709 15052 15431 15602 15763 17020 17358 17870 18195 18553 18666 18789 19064 19131 19306 19352 19466 20100 20109 20311 20896 21171 21747-21748 21953 21969 22222 22277 22626 22807 23453 23731 24213 24227 24239 25009 25388 25528 25849 25989 26560 26583 26731 26757 26772 26821 27201 27392 27730 27734 27787 27912 28223 28341 28343 28646 29146 29170 29684 30345 30429 30490 30505 30893 31014 31191 31229 32115 32335 32392 32491 36732 40250 40359 40436 44921 44967 48958 49101https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/654/A118?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/654/A118/tablea1Vanadium abundances for 135 M dwarfsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableDiskKinematic disk membership (3)meta.code.membercharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKarmnCARMENES identifier (JHHMMm+DDdA)meta.id;meta.maincharSpTypeLuminosity class V spectral type (1)src.spTypecharvsiniProjected rotational velocity (2)km/sphys.veloc.rotatfloatTeffsEffective temperature, from Schweitzer et al. (2019A&A...625A..68S, Cat. J/A+A/625/A68)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintloggsSurface gravity, from Schweitzer et al. (2019A&A...625A..68S, Cat. J/A+A/625/A68)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloat[Fe/H]sMetallicity, from Schweitzer et al. (2019A&A...625A..68S, Cat. J/A+A/625/A68)phys.abund.Fefloat[V/H]sVanadium abundance based on, from Schweitzer et al. (2019A&A...625A..68S, Cat. J/A+A/625/A68)phys.abundfloate_[V/H]sError of vanadium abundance based on, from Schweitzer et al. (2019A&A...625A..68S, Cat. J/A+A/625/A68)stat.error;phys.abundfloatTeffmEffective temperature, from Marfil et al. (submitted)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintloggmSurface gravity, from Marfil et al. (submitted)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloat[Fe/H]mMetallicity, from Marfil et al. (submitted)phys.abund.Fefloat[V/H]mVanadium abundance based on, from Marfil et al. (submitted)phys.abundfloate_[V/H]mError of vanadium abundance based on, from Marfil et al. (submitted)stat.error;phys.abundfloatS19Display the Schweitzer et al. (2019, Cat. J/A+A/625/A68) datameta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main