J/A+A/653/A87ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/653/A87doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36530087CDSMininni C.Fontani F.Sanchez-Monge A.Rivilla V.M.Beltran M.,Zahorecz S.Immer K.Giannetti A.Caselli P.Colzi L.Testi L.Elia D.2022-01-17T13:07:28Z2021-09-13T07:57:38ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstar-forming-regionsinterstellar-mediumradio-astronomyThe TOPGot project targets a sample of 86 high-mass star-forming regions in different evolutionary stages from starless cores to ultra compact HII regions. The aim of the survey is to analyze different molecular species in a statistically significant sample to study the chemical evolution in high-mass star-forming regions, and identify chemical tracers of the different phases. In the first paper we present the sample and analyze the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the TOPGot sources to derive physical parameters. We also use the MADCUBA software to analyze the emission of methyl cyanide (CH_3_CN), a well-known tracer of high-mass star formation. The emission of the CH_3_CN(5K-4K) K-transitions has been detected towards 73 sources (85% of the sample). The emission of CH_3_CN has been detected towards all evolutionary stages, with the mean abundances showing a clear increase of an order of magnitude from high-mass starless-cores to later evolutionary stages. We found a conservative abundance upper limit for high-mass starless cores of X_CH_3_CN_<4.0x10^-11^, and a range in abundance of 4.0x10^-11^<X_CH_3_CN_<7.0x10^-11^ for those sources that are likely high-mass starless cores or very early high-mass protostellar objects. In fact, in this range of abundance we have identified five sources previously not classified as being in a very early evolutionary stage. The abundance of CH_3_CN can thus be used to identify high-mass star-forming regions in early phases of star-formation.2021A&A...653A..87Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/653/A87CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/653/A87https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/653/A87http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/653/A87https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/653/A87https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/653/A87http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/653/A87GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/653/A87/table3 (Coordinates, velocity, distance and evolutionary classification of the sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/653/A87/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/653/A87/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/653/A87/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true3.6087564.4788890.0055555555555555566/3068 14255 14299 14307 14309 14317 14353 14594 14622 14655 14670 14689 14693 14697 15430 15629 15676 24507 24554 28912 28918 29103 29113 29116 29118 29461 29509 29513 29529 29532 29535 30218 30244-30245 30256 30258 30262 30269 30313 30315 30318-30319 30405 30417 30420 30425 30594-30595 30604-30605 30618 30694 30712 30716 30718-30719https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/653/A87?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/653/A87/table3Coordinates, velocity, distance and evolutionary classification of the sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIndex[1/86] Source indexmeta.idintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latfloatDistHeliocentric distancekpcpos.distancefloatr_DistFlag for distance reference (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharFlag[yes -] if "yes" the distance ambiguity is not resolved and the distance given is the d_nearmeta.code.errorcharVlskrLSKR velocitykm/sphys.velocfloatEvolEvolutionary phases (given only for sources in Sub-Sample I)meta.codecharJ/A+A/653/A87/table4Results of the SEDs fittingIndexsource indexmeta.idintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamesource namemeta.id;meta.maincharFlag1[Y-] flag indicating the sources for which the Hi-GAL (Molinari et al. 2010) maps at 70/160/250/350/500 micron were availablemeta.code.errorcharFlag2[850/870]? flag indicating if the SED has been completed using the maps at 870 micron (ATLASGAL- Schuller et al. 2009) or 850 micron (SCUBA Legacy Catalog, Di Francesco et al. 2008)meta.code.errorintnullableNH2Column density of H_2_ from the fitting of the SEDcm**-2phys.columnDensitydoublee_NH2Error on NH2cm**-2stat.error;phys.columnDensitydoubleTdustDust temperature from the fitting of the SEDKphys.temperatureinte_TdustError on TdustKstat.errorintthetaDiameter of the source at 250 micronarcsecphys.angSize;em.mm.750-1500GHzfloatf_theta[R NR V -] Flag for theta (1)meta.codecharJ/A+A/653/A87/table5Mass, luminosity and L/MrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIndexSource indexmeta.idintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharMass? MasssolMassphys.massintnullablee_Mass? Error on MasssolMassstat.error;phys.massintnullableLum? LuminositysolLumphys.luminositydoublenullablee_Lum? Error on LuminositysolLumstat.errorfloatnullablelogL/M? log10 of luminosity-to-mass ratiolog(solLum.solMass**-1)phys.composition.massLightRatiofloatnullablee_logL/M? Error on log(L/M)log(solLum.solMass**-1)stat.errorfloatnullableJ/A+A/653/A87/table6Results of the fit of CH_3_CNrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIndexSource indexmeta.idintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharDet[YNab] Detection of at least one transitions of CH3CN(5K-4K) (1)meta.codecharRangeRange of K-transitions detected (2)instr.bandwidthcharlogN(CH3CN)? log10 CH_3_CN column density not corrected for beam-dilution effectlog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensityfloatnullablee_logN(CH3CN)? error on logN(CH3CN) beam-dilutedlog(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablelogNs(CH3CN)? log10 CH_3_CN column density corrected for the beam-dilution effectlog(cm**-2)phys.columnDensitydoublenullablee_logNs(CH3CN)? error on logNs(CH3CN)log(cm**-2)stat.errorfloatnullableTex? excitation temperature TexKphys.atmol.excitationintnullablee_Tex? error on TexKstat.errorintnullablef_Tex[fix -] Flag for Tex: fix = parameter fixed during fittingmeta.codecharFWHM? FWHM [km/s]km/sspect.line.widthfloatnullablee_FWHM? Error on FWHM [km/s]km/sstat.error;phys.angSizefloatnullablef_FWHM[fix -] Flag for FWHM: fix = parameter fixed during fittingmeta.codecharVel? Velocity from the lines fittingkm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullablelogX(CH3CN)? log10(X_CH3CN): abundance of CH3CNphys.abundfloatnullablee_logX(CH3CN)? Error on log10(X_CH3CN)stat.errorfloatnullablealpha? Virial parameter alpha (alpha = Mvir/Msed)phys.mass;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_alpha? Error on alphastat.error;pos.eq.rafloatnullable