TO stars metallicity estimate J/A+A/651/A79 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/651/A79 doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36510079 CDS Bonifacio P. Monaco L. Salvadori S. Caffau E. Spite M. Sbordone L.,Spite F. Ludwig H.-G. Di Matteo P. Haywood M. Francois P.,Koch-Hansen A.J. Christlieb N.C. Zaggia S. 2023-02-04T18:36:01Z 2021-07-22T08:50:59Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr milky-way-galaxy spectroscopy metallicity The goal of the Turn-Off Primordial Stars survey (TOPoS) project is to find and analyse turn-off (TO) stars of extremely low metallicity. To select the targets for spectroscopic follow-up at high spectral resolution, we relied on low-resolution spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). In this paper, we use the metallicity estimates we obtained from our analysis of the SDSS spectra to construct the metallicity distribution function (MDF) of the Milky Way, with special emphasis on its metal-weak tail. The goal is to provide the underlying distribution out of which the TOPoS sample was extracted. We made use of SDSS photometry, Gaia photometry, and distance estimates derived from the Gaia parallaxes to derive a metallicity estimate for a large sample of over 24 million TO stars. This sample was used to derive the metallicity bias of the sample for which SDSS spectra are available. We determined that the spectroscopic sample is strongly biased in favour of metal-poor stars, as intended. A comparison with the unbiased photometric sample allows us to correct for the selection bias. We selected a sub-sample of stars with reliable parallaxes for which we combined the SDSS radial velocities with Gaia proper motions and parallaxes to compute actions and orbital parameters in the Galactic potential. This allowed us to characterise the stars dynamically, and in particular to select a sub-sample that belongs to the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE) accretion event. We are thus also able to provide the MDF of GSE. The metal-weak tail derived in our study is very similar to that derived in the H3 survey and in the Hamburg/ESO Survey. This allows us to average the three MDFs and provide an error bar for each metallicity bin. Inasmuch as the GSE structure is representative of the progenitor galaxy that collided with the Milky Way, that galaxy appears to be strongly deficient in metal-poor stars compared to the Milky Way, suggesting that the metal-weak tail of the latter has been largely formed by accretion of low-mass galaxies rather than massive galaxies, such as the GSE progenitor. 2021A&A...651A..79B https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/651/A79 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to J/A+A/579/A28 : Abundances of 3 CEMP stars (Bonifacio+, 2015) J/A+A/620/A187 : Very metal-poor turn-off stars abundances (Francois+, 2018) https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/651/A79 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/651/A79 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/651/A79 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/651/A79 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/651/A79 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/651/A79 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/A+A/651/A79/photmet (Stars of the photometric sample (corrected version, 22-Aug-2022, 2022A&A...666C...1B)) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A79/photmet? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A79/photmet? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A79/photmet? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 0.00225544876 -0.95003240307 0.005555555555555556 Cone search capability for table J/A+A/651/A79/specmet (Stars of the spectroscopic sample) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A79/specmet? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A79/specmet? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A79/specmet? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 170.13999 -0.57195085 0.005555555555555556 Cone search capability for table J/A+A/651/A79/actions (Sub-the spectroscopic sample for which orbital parameters have been computed) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A79/actions? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A79/actions? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A79/actions? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 170.13999930949 -0.57195617626 0.005555555555555556 1/4-5 8 10 27 2/25 28 36 38 70 73-78 103 107 3/10-11 32 34 97 116 148 150 176-178 184 192-193 197 199 208-209 271 275-278 284 286-287 291 316-318 341 343 405-407 409-411 421 423 427 491 494-495 506 4/0 2 17-18 21 34 58 64 66 99 106 111 122-123 126 132-134 140 151 160 162-163 166 176 180 385 387 396-397 399 468-469 472 474 599 605 607 624-626 629 631-632 634 637 639 716-718 720 722 724 728 740 744-746 784-785 787 792 840-841 848 863 885 993 1049 1077-1079 1081-1083 1093 1095 1098-1099 1116-1118 1140 1142-1143 1159 1163 1276-1278 1346 1361 1369-1370 1386 1396-1397 1399 1405-1406 1430-1431 1433-1434 1445-1446 1449-1450 1489 1506 1555 1599 1615 1635 1683 1689-1691 1701-1703 1705-1707 1877-1878 1898 1909 1935 1946 1957-1959 1961-1963 1970-1971 1974-1975 1992 2018 2030-2031 2040 2042 2283 2299-2300 2302 2796 3059 3063 3069-3071 5/5-7 12 16-17 20-21 26-27 30-34 64-65 76-78 80-81 83 88-89 97 99-100 104-106 129-131 140 142-143 149-151 154-156 158 192 199 205 207 210 224 226-228 230-231 242-243 248-249 252-253 260-262 268 270 272 292-293 295 306 312-313 315 349-351 372 390-391 395 417 419-420 422 428-429 440-441 503 508-510 540-542 564 568-569 571 574-576 578 597 599 625 627-629 644-646 661 663 668-670 672-674 676-677 708-709 711-713 726-727 768-770 776 778 898-899 902 908-909 920-921 924-925 927 968 970-971 974-975 986-987 990-991 1009 1012-1013 1536-1537 1539 1545 1573-1577 1580 1593 1595 1671 1674-1677 1681-1685 1709 1713-1714 1720 1728-1729 1732-1733 1744-1745 1790-1791 1880-1882 1884-1885 1887 1892 1894-1895 1900-1901 1909 1911 1917-1918 1935 1939-1940 1942 1944-1946 1955-1958 1960 2004 2006 2012 2014 2031 2033 2035 2040-2042 2388-2389 2391 2394-2395 2416-2418 2508 2510 2515 2521 2523 2532 2534 2540 2542 2545 2547 2553 2555 2876 2878 2884 2886-2887 2892-2893 2900 2902 2905 2908 2910 2920 2922 2932 2934 2940 2942 2968-2970 2988 2990 2992 3027-3030 3036 3038 3104 3106-3110 3112 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12242-12243 12247 12249-12251 12271 12273-12275 6/16-17 19 52-54 56-58 72-74 99 102-103 114-115 118-119 140 144 160 193 196-197 208-209 247 253-255 316-318 328 330-331 360 368-370 372-373 387 393-395 408 410 428 430 515 528 530-531 536-538 564 566-567 595 610-611 613 615 628-630 636 638-639 776 778 791 817 819 825-827 834 864-866 872 900 902-903 916-918 944-946 948-949 951-952 984 986-987 990-991 1017 1020-1021 1023 1053 1055 1076 1086 1092-1093 1096 1152-1153 1155-1158 1176-1177 1179 1204-1205 1207 1218 1230-1231 1257 1266 1375 1391 1395 1477 1479 1485 1492 1496 1549 1551 1558-1559 1573-1575 1602 1608 1610 1632 1667 1673-1675 1684-1686 1692 1694-1695 1720-1722 1724-1725 1738-1739 1742-1743 1754-1755 1768-1769 1772-1773 1775 1995 1998-1999 2010-2011 2044-2045 2172-2174 2260 2264 2280-2282 2288 2290-2291 2294 2308-2310 2316 2336 2338 2393 2395 2413 2415 2472 2474-2475 2478-2479 2490 2505 2507 2520-2522 2524-2526 2528-2529 2532-2533 2588 2590-2591 2629 2634-2635 2638-2641 2643 2649-2651 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31566-31567 31577-31579 31744-31746 31764 31777 31779 31792-31794 31908 31910 31916 31918 31971 31973-31975 31977 31986 31992 31994-31995 32053 32055 32072 32074-32075 32077-32078 32100 32102-32103 32114-32115 32118-32119 32153 32155 32175 32177-32179 32196-32197 32200-32202 32208-32209 32212-32213 32224 32268 32270 32304 32314-32315 32318 32333 32335 32348 32350 32357 32372 32374-32375 32454-32455 32465-32467 32517-32519 32532 32534 32545-32547 32560-32562 32568 32666-32667 32692 32694 32700 32702-32703 32751 32755 32758 35820-35821 35823 35827 35830-35831 36283 36285-36287 36314-36315 36323 36344-36346 36348 36447 36455 36459 36465-36467 36476-36478 36501-36503 36505-36507 36514-36515 36556 36560-36561 36578-36579 36582-36583 36594-36595 36598-36599 36613-36615 36636-36637 36644-36646 36648 36676 36701-36703 36711 36715 36721-36723 36757-36759 36761-36763 36770-36771 36816-36818 36820 36824 36826-36827 36852 36854-36855 38783 38869 38871 38877 40895 40927 40938-40939 40942-40943 40947 44013-44015 44024 44026 44342-44343 44365 44367 44378-44379 44386-44387 44406-44407 44433 44436-44437 44480-44481 44483 44489 44491 44496-44498 44500 44504 44506 44513-44515 44574-44575 44605 44607 44616 44618-44619 44652 44654 44693 44762 44769 44771 44784 44786-44787 44831 44853 44855 44861 44863 44876 44878 44900 44902 44908 44910 44949 44951 44957-44959 45021-45023 45037-45039 45041-45043 48538 48549 48551 48557 48566 48618 48670-48671 48714-48715 48718-48719 48730-48731 48734-48735 48745 48748-48749 48760-48761 48849 48851 48857-48859 48877 48879 48892-48894 48900 48902-48903 48908-48910 48913 48925 48940-48941 48943 48966 48981 48983 48986-48987 48993-48995 49024-49026 49032 49034 49055 49077-49079 49081 49083 49089 49091 2.040811542443644e-19 6.090060298487514e-19 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/651/A79?format=ascii default J/A+A/651/A79/photmet Stars of the photometric sample (corrected version, 22-Aug-2022, 2022A&A...666C...1B) GLON Galactic longitude (l) deg pos.galactic.lon recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int RAJ2000 SDSS right ascension (J2000) (ra_SDSS) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main indexed DEJ2000 SDSS declination (J2000) (dec_SDSS) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main indexed GLAT Galactic latitude (b) deg pos.galactic.lat double rgc Distance from the Galactic Centre (rgc) pc pos.distance;pos.galactocentric double zh Height above the Galactic plane (zh) pc pos.cartesian.z;pos.galactic double (g-z)0 Dereddened g-z SDSS colour (gz0) mag phot.color double BP-RP0 Gaia DR2 (GBP-GRP) dereddened colour (bp_rp0) mag phot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.R double Gmag0 Gaia DR2 G dereddened magnitude (G0 ) mag phot.mag;em.opt double GMAG0 Absolute G magnitude (G0abs) mag phys.magAbs double GaiaDR2 Gaia DR2 identification (source_id) meta.id;meta.main Teff Effective temperature from (g-z)0 (teff) K phys.temperature.effective float logg Surface gravity (glog) log(cm.s**-2) phys.gravity float photmet Photometric metallicity estimated from p, Teff (photmet) and log g phys.abund.Fe float photmetc Corrected photometric metallicity see Fig. 6 in paper and related text (photmet_c) phys.abund.Fe float
J/A+A/651/A79/specmet Stars of the spectroscopic sample e_plx ? Gaia DR2 parallax error (parallax_error) mas stat.error;pos.parallax float nullable (g-z)0 (g-z)0 dereddened SDSS colour (GZ0) mag phot.color double RAGdeg Gaia DR2 Right ascension (J2000) (ra_epoch2000) deg pos.eq.ra DEGdeg Gaia DR2 Declination (J2000) (dec_epoch2000) deg pos.eq.dec plx ? Gaia DR2 parallax corrected for global zero point (parallax) mas pos.parallax.trig double nullable pest Parallax estimated from rest (Expression: 1000./rest) (pest) mas pos.parallax double rest Estimated distance (Bailer Jones et al., 2018AJ....156...58B, Cat. I/347) (rest) pc pos.distance double Gmag0 Gaia DR2 G dereddened magnitude (G0 ) mag phot.mag;em.opt double BP-RP0 Gaia DR2 (GBP-GRP) dereddened colour (bp_rp0) mag phot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.R double GMAG0029 ? Absolute G magnitude using Gaia parallax and global zero point -0.029 (G0absp029) mag phys.magAbs double nullable GLAT Galactic latitude (b) deg pos.galactic.lat double rgc Distance from the Galactic Centre (rgc) pc pos.distance;pos.galactocentric double recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int RAJ2000 SDSS right ascension (J2000) (ra_SDSS) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main indexed DEJ2000 SDSS declination (J2000) (dec_SDSS) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main indexed umag SDSS u magnitude (UMAG) mag phot.mag;em.opt.U double gmag SDSS g magnitude (GMAG) mag phot.mag;em.opt.B double zmag SDSS z magnitude (ZMAG) mag phot.mag;em.opt.I double GMAG0absd Absolute G magnitude using pest (G0absd) mag phys.magAbs double Teff Effective temperature from (g-z)0 (TEFF) K phys.temperature.effective float logg Surface gravity (glog) log(cm.s**-2) phys.gravity float [Fe/H]mygi Metallicity [Fe/H] from MyGIsFOS (FeH_mygi) phys.abund.Z float e_[Fe/H]mygi ? Estimated error on [Fe/H]mygi (FE_ERR) stat.error;phys.abund.Fe float nullable Nspect ? Number of spectra coadded (NUMSPEC) meta.number int nullable p Reddening free index p=(u-g)-0.5885914(g-z) (p) mag phot.color.reddFree double photmet Photometric metallicity estimated from p, Teff and log g (photmet) phys.abund.Fe float photmetc Corrected photometric metallicity see Fig. 6 in paper and related text (photmet_c) phys.abund.Fe float GLON Galactic longitude (l) deg pos.galactic.lon zh Height above the Galactic plane (zh) pc pos.cartesian.z;pos.galactic double
J/A+A/651/A79/actions Sub-the spectroscopic sample for which orbital parameters have been computed Jr Radial action (Jr) kpc.km/s arith.grad;phys.veloc double Simbad Simbad column added by the CDS meta.ref.url char recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int GaiaDR2 Gaia DR2 unique source identifier (source_id) meta.id;meta.main RAJ2000 Right ascension (J2000) (ra_epoch2000) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main indexed DEJ2000 Declination (J2000) (dec_epoch2000) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main indexed plx Gaia DR2 parallax corrected for global zero point (plx) mas pos.parallax.trig float e_plx Gaia DR2 parallax error (parallax_error) mas stat.error;pos.parallax float pmRA Gaia DR2 proper motion in RA (pmra) mas/yr pos.pm;pos.eq.ra double e_pmRA Gaia DR2 Standard error of proper motion in RA (pmra_error) mas/yr stat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.ra float pmDE Gaia DR2 proper motion in DE(pmdec) mas/yr pos.pm;pos.eq.dec double e_pmDE Gaia DR2 Standard error of proper motion in DE (pmdec_error) mas/yr stat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.dec float RV SDSS DR12 radial velocity (VRAD) km/s phys.veloc;pos.heliocentric double e_RV SDSS DR12 error on radial velocity (VERR) km/s stat.error float rap Galactic distance at apocentre (rap) kpc pos.distance;pos.galactocentric double rperi Galactic distance at pericentre (rperi) kpc pos.distance;pos.galactocentric double e2 Eccentricity (e_2) src.orbital.eccentricity double zmax Maximum distance from Galactic plane (zmax) kpc pos.cartesian.z;pos.galactic double E2a Energy per unit mass (E_2a) km**2.s**-2 phys.energy double Lz Angular momentum per unit mass (Lz) kpc.km/s phys.angMomentum double e_rap Error on rap (erap) kpc stat.error double e_rperi Error on rperi (erperi) kpc stat.error double e_e2 Error on e2 (ee_2) stat.error double e_zmax Error on zmax (ezmax) kpc stat.error double e_E2a Error on E2a (eE_2a) km**2.s**-2 stat.error double e_Lz Error on Lz (eLz) kpc.km/s stat.error double e_Jr Error on Jr (eJr) kpc.km/s stat.error double