J/A+A/651/A47ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/651/A47doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36510047CDSAlonso-Garcia J.Smith L.C.Catelan M.Minniti D.Navarrete C.,Borissova J.Carballo-Bello J.A.Contreras Ramos R.,Fernandez-Trincado J.G.Ferreira Lopes C.E.Gran F.Garro E.R.,Geisler D.Guo Z.Hempel M.Kerins E.Lucas P.W.Palma T.,Pena Ramirez K.Ramirez-Alegria S.Saito R.K.2024-03-01T14:08:41Z2021-07-12T07:27:03ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frglobular-star-clustersvariable-starsstellar-distanceinfrared-photometryThe Galactic globular clusters (GGCs) located in the inner regions of the Milky Way suffer from high extinction that makes their observation challenging. High densities of field stars in their surroundings complicate their study even more. The VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea (VVV) survey provides a way to explore these GGCs in the near-infrared where extinction effects are highly diminished. We conduct a search for variable stars in several inner GGCs, taking advantage of the unique multi-epoch, wide-field, near-infrared photometry provided by the VVV survey. We are especially interested in detecting classical pulsators that will help us constrain the physical parameters of these GGCs. In this paper, the second of a series, we focus on NGC 6656 (M 22), NGC 6626 (M 28), NGC 6569, and NGC 6441; these four massive GGCs have known variable sources, but quite different metallicities. We also revisit 2MASS-GC 02 and Terzan 10, the two GGCs studied in the first paper of this series. We present an improved method and a new parameter that efficiently identify variable candidates in the GGCs. We also use the proper motions of those detected variable candidates and their positions in the sky and in the color-magnitude diagrams to assign membership to the GGCs. We identify and parametrize in the near-infrared numerous variable sources in the studied GGCs, cataloging tens of previously undetected variable stars. We recover many known classical pulsators in these clusters, including the vast majority of their fundamental mode RR Lyrae. We use these pulsators to obtain distances and extinctions toward these objects. Recalibrated period-luminosity-metallicity relations for the RR Lyrae bring the distances to these GGCs to a closer agreement with those reported by Gaia, except for NGC 6441, which is an uncommon Oosterhoff III GGC. Recovered proper motions for these GGCs also agree with those reported by Gaia, except for 2MASS-GC 02, the most reddened GGC in our sample, where the VVV near-infrared measurements provide a more accurate determination of its proper motions.2021A&A...651A..47Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/651/A47CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/150 : Updated catalog of variable stars in globular clustersJ/AJ/149/99 : VVV globulars. I. 2MASS-GC 02, Terzan 10 (Alonso-Garcia+, 2015)J/AcA/66/405 : Galactic bulge eclipsing + ellipsoidal binariesJ/AcA/67/297 : OGLE Galactic center Cepheids and RR Lyrae (Soszynski+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/651/A47https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/651/A47http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/651/A47https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/651/A47https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/651/A47http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/651/A47GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/651/A47/table2 (Properties of the variable candidates in NGC 6656 (M 22))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A47/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A47/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A47/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true279.096875-23.89947220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/651/A47/table5 (Properties of the variable candidates in NGC 6626 (M 28))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A47/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A47/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A47/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true276.1379583-24.86194440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/651/A47/table6 (Properties of the variable candidates in NGC 6569)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A47/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A47/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A47/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true273.4036667-31.82144440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/651/A47/table7 (Properties of the variable candidates in NGC 6441)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A47/table7?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A47/table7?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A47/table7?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true267.5433333-37.04886110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/651/A47/table8 (Properties of the variable candidates in 2MASS-GC 02)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A47/table8?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A47/table8?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A47/table8?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true272.3999167-20.78658330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/651/A47/table9 (Properties of the variable candidates in Terzan 10)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A47/table9?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A47/table9?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/651/A47/table9?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true270.7452917-26.05980560.0055555555555555566/28705 28769 28799 28877 28966-28967 28970 28972-28973 290907.952274030004205e-20 1.0188844282367877e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/651/A47?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/651/A47/table2Properties of the variable candidates in NGC 6656 (M 22)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLCShow the light curvesmeta.ref.urlcharIDIdentifier of variable candidatemeta.id;meta.maincharIDClementIdentifier according to the Clement catalog (2001AJ....122.2587C, Cat. V/150)meta.idcharIDOGLEIdentifier according to the OGLE catalog (G1)meta.idcharIDRos17Identifier according to Rozyczka et al. (2017AcA....67..203R)meta.idcharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDistProjected distance to the cluster centerarcminpos.angDistancefloatPeriodPeriod of variationdtime.perioddoubleKsampAmplitude of variation in the Ks bandmagarith.rate;phot.magfloat<Ksmag>Mean Ks band magnitudemagphot.magfloatZ-Ks? (Z-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullableY-Ks? (Y-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullableJ-Ks? (J-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR.J;em.IR.KfloatnullableH-Ks? (H-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR.H;em.IR.KfloatnullablepmRAProper motion in Right Ascensionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion in Declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatMemberFlag[0/1] Globular cluster membership (G2)meta.code.memberintTypeVariable type (Cep, Ecl, RRab, or RRc) (G3)src.classcharJ/A+A/651/A47/table5Properties of the variable candidates in NGC 6626 (M 28)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ-Ks? (J-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR.J;em.IR.KfloatnullableH-Ks? (H-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR.H;em.IR.KfloatnullablepmRAProper motion in Right Ascensionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion in Declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatMemberFlag[0,1] Globular cluster membership flag (G2)meta.code.errorintTypeVariable type (Cep, Ecl, RRab, or RRc) (G3)src.classcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLCShow the light curvesmeta.ref.urlcharIDIdentifier of variable candidatemeta.id;meta.maincharIDClementIdentifier according to the Clement catalog (2001AJ....122.2587C, Cat. V/150)meta.idcharIDOGLEIdentifier according to the OGLE catalog (G1)meta.idcharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDistProjected distance to the cluster centerarcminpos.angDistancefloatPeriodPeriod of variationdtime.perioddoubleKsampAmplitude of variation in the Ks bandmagarith.rate;phot.magfloat<Ksmag>Mean Ks band magnitudemagphot.magfloatZ-Ks? (Z-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullableY-Ks? (Y-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullableJ/A+A/651/A47/table6Properties of the variable candidates in NGC 6569SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLCShow the light curvesmeta.ref.urlcharIDIdentifier of variable candidatemeta.id;meta.maincharIDClementIdentifier according to the Clement catalog (2001AJ....122.2587C, Cat. V/150)meta.idcharIDOGLEIdentifier according to the OGLE catalog (G1)meta.idcharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDistProjected distance to the cluster centerarcminpos.angDistancefloatPeriodPeriod of variationdtime.perioddoubleKsampAmplitude of variation in the Ks bandmagarith.rate;phot.magfloat<Ksmag>Mean Ks band magnitudemagphot.magfloatZ-Ks? (Z-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullableY-Ks? (Y-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullableJ-Ks? (J-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR.J;em.IR.KfloatnullableH-Ks? (H-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR.H;em.IR.KfloatnullablepmRAProper motion in Right Ascensionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion in Declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatMemberFlag[0,1] Globular cluster membership flag (G2)meta.code.errorintTypeVariable type (Cep, Ecl, RRab, or RRc) (G3)src.classcharJ/A+A/651/A47/table7Properties of the variable candidates in NGC 6441SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableH-Ks? (H-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR.H;em.IR.KfloatnullablepmRAProper motion in Right Ascensionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion in Declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatMemberFlag[0,1] Globular cluster membership flag (G2)meta.code.errorintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLCShow the light curvesmeta.ref.urlcharIDIdentifier of variable candidatemeta.id;meta.maincharIDClementIdentifier according to the Clement catalog (2001AJ....122.2587C, Cat. V/150)meta.idcharIDOGLEIdentifier according to the OGLE catalog (G1)meta.idcharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDistProjected distance to the cluster centerarcminpos.angDistancefloatPeriodPeriod of variationdtime.perioddoubleKsampAmplitude of variation in the Ks bandmagarith.rate;phot.magfloat<Ksmag>Mean Ks band magnitudemagphot.magfloatZ-Ks? (Z-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullableY-Ks? (Y-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullableJ-Ks? (J-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR.J;em.IR.KfloatnullableTypeVariable type (Cep, Ecl, RRab, or RRc) (G3)src.classcharJ/A+A/651/A47/table8Properties of the variable candidates in 2MASS-GC 02SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLCShow the light curvesmeta.ref.urlcharIDIdentifier of variable candidatemeta.id;meta.maincharIDPaperIIdentifier according to Alonso-Garcia et al. (2015, Cat. J/AJ/149/99)meta.idcharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDistProjected distance to the cluster centerarcminpos.angDistancefloatPeriodPeriod of variationdtime.perioddoubleKsampAmplitude of variation in the Ks bandmagarith.rate;phot.magfloat<Ksmag>Mean Ks band magnitudemagphot.magfloatZ-Ks? (Z-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullableY-Ks? (Y-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullableJ-Ks? (J-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR.J;em.IR.KfloatnullableH-Ks? (H-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR.H;em.IR.KfloatnullablepmRAProper motion in Right Ascensionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion in Declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatMemberFlag[0/1] Globular cluster membership flag (G2)meta.code.errorintTypeVariable type (Cep, Ecl, RRab, or RRc) (G3)src.classcharJ/A+A/651/A47/table9Properties of the variable candidates in Terzan 10SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableIDClementIdentifier according to the Clement catalog (2001AJ....122.2587C, Cat. V/150)meta.idcharIDOGLEIdentifier according to the OGLE catalog (G1)meta.idcharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDistProjected distance to the cluster centerarcminpos.angDistancefloatPeriodPeriod of variationdtime.perioddoubleKsampAmplitude of variation in the Ks bandmagarith.rate;phot.magfloat<Ksmag>Mean Ks band magnitudemagphot.magfloatZ-Ks? (Z-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullableY-Ks? (Y-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullableJ-Ks? (J-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR.J;em.IR.KfloatnullableH-Ks? (H-Ks) color indexmagphot.color;em.IR.H;em.IR.KfloatnullablepmRAProper motion in Right Ascensionmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion in Declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatMemberFlag[0,1] Globular cluster membership flag (G2)meta.code.errorintTypeVariable type (Cep, Ecl, RRab, or RRc) (G3)src.classcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintLCShow the light curvesmeta.ref.urlcharIDIdentifier of variable candidatemeta.id;meta.maincharJ/A+A/651/A47/figure4Light curves of the variable candidates in NGC 6656 (M 22)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentifier of variable candidate in the clustermeta.id;meta.maincharMJDModified Julian Daydtime.epochdoubleindexedPhasePhasetime.phasefloatKsmagMagnitude in the Ks bandmagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_KsmagUncertainty in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatJ/A+A/651/A47/figure7Light curves of the variable candidates in NGC 6626 (M 28)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentifier of variable candidate in the clustermeta.id;meta.maincharMJDModified Julian Daydtime.epochdoublePhasePhasetime.phasefloatKsmagMagnitude in the Ks bandmagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_KsmagUncertainty in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatJ/A+A/651/A47/figure8Light curves of the variable candidates in NGC 6569e_KsmagUncertainty in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentifier of variable candidate in the clustermeta.id;meta.maincharMJDModified Julian Daydtime.epochdoublePhasePhasetime.phasefloatKsmagMagnitude in the Ks bandmagphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatJ/A+A/651/A47/figure9Light curves of the variable candidates in NGC 6441recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentifier of variable candidate in the clustermeta.id;meta.maincharMJDModified Julian Daydtime.epochdoublePhasePhasetime.phasefloatKsmagMagnitude in the Ks bandmagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_KsmagUncertainty in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatJ/A+A/651/A47/figure12Light curves of the variable candidates in 2MASS-GC 02recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentifier of variable candidate in the clustermeta.id;meta.maincharMJDModified Julian Daydtime.epochdoublePhasePhasetime.phasefloatKsmagMagnitude in the Ks bandmagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_KsmagUncertainty in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatJ/A+A/651/A47/figure13Light curves of the variable candidates in Terzan 10recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDIdentifier of variable candidate in the clustermeta.id;meta.maincharMJDModified Julian Daydtime.epochdoubleindexedPhasePhasetime.phasefloatKsmagMagnitude in the Ks bandmagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_KsmagUncertainty in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloat