J/A+A/649/A164ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/649/A164doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36490164CDSLorenzoM.Teyssier D.Bujarrabal V.Garcia-Lario P.Alcolea J.,Verdugo E.Marston A.2021-07-05T12:50:07Z2021-06-02T07:27:51ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frplanetary-nebulaeco-line-emissionradio-spectroscopyFast outflows and their interaction with slow shells (generally known as the fossil circumstellar envelope of asymptotic giant branch stars) play an important role in the structure and kinematics of protoplanetary and planetary nebulae (pPNe, PNe). To properly study their effects within these objects, we also need to observe the intermediate-temperature gas, which is only detectable in the far-infrared (FIR) and submillimetre (submm) transitions. We study the physical conditions of the outflows presented in a number of pPNe and PNe, with a focus on their temperature and excitation states. We carried out Herschel/HIFI observations in the submm lines of 12CO in nine pPNe and nine PNe and complemented them with low-J CO spectra obtained with the IRAM 30m telescope and taken from the literature. The spectral resolution of HIFI allows us to identify and measure the different nebular components in the line profiles. The comparison with large velocity gradient (LVG) model predictions was used to estimate the physical conditions of the warm gas in the nebulae, such as excitation conditions, temperature, and density. We found high kinetic temperatures for the fast winds of pPNe, typically reaching between 75K and 200K. In contrast, the high-velocity gas in the sampled PNe is colder, with characteristic temperatures between 25K and 75K, and it is found in a lower excitation state. We interpret this correlation of the kinetic temperature and excitation state of fast outflows with the amount of time elapsed since their acceleration (probably driven by shocks) as a consequence of the cooling that occurred during the pPN phase.2021A&A...649A.164Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/649/A164CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/649/A164https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/649/A164http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/649/A164https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/649/A164https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/649/A164http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/649/A164GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/649/A164/sources (List of studied sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/649/A164/sources?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/649/A164/sources?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/649/A164/sources?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true268.8549541726.049991670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/649/A164/list (List of fits spectra)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/649/A164/list?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/649/A164/list?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/649/A164/list?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true268.3499926.056390.005555555555555556Associated datahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/assocdata/?obs_collection=J/A+A/649/A1646/14245 14256 14440 14853 15430 15735 15741 21600 21609 22093 22425 29096 29161 29523 30221 30511 32557 32562 40662 42792 47100 47102 48822 48825https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/649/A164?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/649/A164/sourcesList of studied sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/649/A164/listList of fits spectrarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right Ascension of center (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of center (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNxNumber of pixels along X-axismeta.numberintObs.dateObservation datestime.epoch;obsnullableBFreqLower value of frequency intervalHzem.freq;stat.mindoublebFreqUpper value of frequency intervalHzem.freq;stat.maxdoubledFreqFrequency resolutionHzspect.resolutiondoublesizeSize of FITS fileKibytephys.size;meta.fitsintspShow the spectrummeta.ref.urlcharFileNameName of FITS file, in subdirectory fitsmeta.id;meta.fitscharTitleTitle of the FITS filemeta.title;meta.fitschar