J/A+A/648/A102ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/648/A102doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36480102CDSVardoulaki E.Jimenez Andrade E.F.Delvecchio I.Smolcic V.,Schinnerer E.Sargent M.T.Gozaliasl G.Finoguenov A.Bondi M.,Zamorani G.Badescu T.Leslie S.K.Ceraj L.Tisanic K.Karim A.,Magnelli B.Bertoldi F.Romano-Diaz E.Harrington K.2021-09-16T10:38:57Z2021-04-20T08:42:44ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frradio-galaxiesactive-galactic-nucleigalaxy-classification-systemsRadio active galactic nuclei (AGN) are traditionally separated into two Fanaro-Riley (FR) type classes, edge-brightened FRII sources or edge-darkened FRI sources. With the discovery of a plethora of radio AGN of different radio shapes, this dichotomy is becoming too simplistic in linking the radio structure to the physical properties of radio AGN, their hosts, and their environment. We probe the physical properties and large-scale environment of radio AGN in the faintest FR population to date, and link them to their radio structure. We use the VLA-COSMOS Large Project at 3GHz (3GHz VLA-COSMOS), with a resolution and sensitivity of 0.75" and 2.3Jy/beam to explore the FR dichotomy down to Jy levels. We classified objects as FRIs, FRIIs, or hybrid FRI/FRII based on the surface-brightness distribution along their radio structure. Our control sample was the jet-less/compact radio AGN objects (COM AGN), which show excess radio emission at 3GHz VLA-COSMOS exceeding what is coming from star-formation alone; this sample excludes FRs. The largest angular projected sizes of FR objects were measured by a machine-learning algorithm and also by hand, following a parametric approach to the FR classification. Eddington ratios were calculated using scaling relations from the X-rays, and we included the jet power by using radio luminosity as a probe. Furthermore, we investigated their host properties (star-formation ratio, stellar mass, morphology), and we explore their incidence within X-ray galaxy groups in COSMOS, and in the density fields and cosmic-web probes in COSMOS. Our sample is composed of 59 FRIIs, 32 FRI/FRIIs, 39 FRIs, and 1818 COM AGN at 0.03<=z<=6. On average, FR objects have similar radio luminosities (L_3GHz_~10^23^W/Hz/sr), spanning a range of 10^21-26^W/Hz/sr, and they lie at a median redshift of z~1. The median linear projected size of FRIIs is 106.6^238.2^_36.9_kpc, larger than that of FRI/FRIIs and FRIs by a factor of 2-3. The COM AGN have sizes smaller than 30kpc, with a median value of 1.7^4.7^_1.5_kpc. The median Eddington ratio of FRIIs is 0.006^0.007^_0.005_, a factor of 2.5 less than in FRIs and a factor of 2 higher than in FRI/FRII. When the jet power is included, the median Eddington ratios of FRII and FRI/FRII increase by a factor of 12 and 15, respectively. FRs reside in their majority in massive quenched hosts (M*>10^10.5^M_{sun}_), with older episodes of star-formation linked to lower X-ray galaxy group temperatures, suggesting radio-mode AGN quenching. Regardless of their radio structure, FRs and COM AGN are found in all types and density environments (group or cluster, filaments, field). By relating the radio structure to radio luminosity, size, Eddington ratio, and large-scale environment, we find a broad distribution and overlap of FR and COM AGN populations. We discuss the need for a different classification scheme, that expands the classic FR classification by taking into consideration the physical properties of the objects rather than their projected radio structure which is frequency-, sensitivity- and resolution-dependent. This point is crucial in the advent of current and future all-sky radio surveys.2021A&A...648A.102Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/648/A102CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/742/125 : Galaxies in X-ray groups I. COSMOS memberships (George+, 2011)J/ApJS/224/24 : The COSMOS2015 catalog (Laigle+, 2016)J/A+A/602/A2 : VLA-COSMOS 3 GHz Large Project. II. (Smolcic+, 2017)J/ApJS/188/384 : The VLA-COSMOS survey. IV. (Schinnerer+, 2010)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/648/A102https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/648/A102http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/648/A102https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/648/A102https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/648/A102http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/648/A102GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/648/A102/tablea1 (Results from by-hand measurements of jet/lobe sizes to classify objects based on the FR classification scheme)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/648/A102/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/648/A102/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/648/A102/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true150.47274305562.19793694440.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/648/A102/tablec1 (Basic radio properties and radio classification for the FR objects in our sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/648/A102/tablec1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/648/A102/tablec1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/648/A102/tablec1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true150.472752.19790.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/648/A102/tablec3 (Eddington ratios for FRs and COM AGN)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/648/A102/tablec3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/648/A102/tablec3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/648/A102/tablec3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true150.57489194441.97675388890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/648/A102/tablec4 (Intrinsic radio sizes of COM AGN)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/648/A102/tablec4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/648/A102/tablec4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/648/A102/tablec4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true149.64771388892.0954650.0055555555555555565/6814 6/27245 27247 273441.987820871092403e-24 1.987820871092403e-24https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/648/A102?format=asciiOpticalRadiodefaultJ/A+A/648/A102/tablea1Results from by-hand measurements of jet/lobe sizes to classify objects based on the FR classification schemerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAllDisplay data from all the tables for this sourcemeta.ref.urlcharID3GHz VLA-COSMOS identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintDLLength of the larger side from the core to the 3{sigma} contour, or the maximum length of the jet/lobearcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatDS? Length of the shorter side from the core to the 3{sigma} contour, or the minimum length of the jet/lobearcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullableDLhs? Length of the larger side from the core to the brightest hot-spot of the jet/lobearcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullableDShs? Length of the shorter side from the core to the brightest hot-spot of the jet/lobearcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullableBA? Bent angle which is the angle the jets/lobes form in respect to each other (180{deg} for symmetrical objects)degpos.posAngintnullableFRClass based on the previous measurements (1)src.classcharu_FR[?] Uncertainty in the visual inspection for FRmeta.code.errorcharn_FR[OS ] OS for one-sided objectmeta.notechar_RAPosition from Smolic et al., 2017, Cat. J/A+A/602/A1 (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from Smolic et al., 2017, Cat. J/A+A/602/A1 (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/648/A102/tablec1Basic radio properties and radio classification for the FR objects in our samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAllDisplay data from all the tables for this sourcemeta.ref.urlcharID3GHz VLA-COSMOS identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintCOSMOSVLA3COSMOSVLA3 designation (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.idcharRAJ2000Radio right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Radio declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainS3GHzIntegrated flux density at 3GHzmJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.1500-3000MHzfloate_S3GHzrms uncertainty on S3GHz (1)mJystat.errorfloatz? Redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullablen_z[sp] Spectroscopic (s) or photometric (p) redshift from Laigle et al. (2016ApJS..224...24L, Cat. J/ApJS/224/24)meta.notecharClass3GHzRadio classification performed by visual inspection of the VLA-COSMOS at 3GHz, as described in Sec. Aphot.flux.density;em.radio.1500-3000MHzcharu_Class3GHz[?] Uncertainty flag on Class3GHzmeta.code.errorcharClass1.4GHzVLA radio classification at 1.4GHz given by Schinnerer et al. (2010ApJS..188..384S, Cat. J/ApJS/188/384)phot.flux.density;em.radio.750-1500MHzcharradioexcess[FT] Radio excess as in Delvecchio et al. (2017A&A...602A...3D) (2)phys.luminosity;em.radiocharXrayGroup? X-ray group ID (groups from George et al., 2011ApJ...742..125G, Cat. J/ApJ/742/125)meta.id;pos.lgintnullableLASLargest angular size, projected, measured by a semi-automatic technique and verified by eye (see Sec. C)arcsecphys.angSize;stat.maxfloatD? Linear projected size, calculated using z and LASkpcphys.angSizefloatnullableCOSMOSVLADPVLA 1.4 GHz ID from Schinnerer et al. (2010ApJS..188..384S, Cat. J/ApJS/188/384)meta.idcharn_COSMOSVLADP[T]meta.notecharJ/A+A/648/A102/tablec2Host properties of FR objectsAllDisplay data from all the tables for this sourcemeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID3GHz VLA-COSMOS identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintSFR(IR+UV)? formation rate (1)solMass/yrarith.rate;phys.SFRfloatnullablelogM*? Stellar mass (1)log(solMass)phys.massfloatnullableSEDAGN[T/F] AGN (T) based on the SED fit as in Delvecchio et al. (2017A&A...602A...3D)meta.codecharCtpID? Counterpart ID from Smolcic et al. (2017A&A...602A...2S, Cat. J/A+A/602/A2)meta.idintnullablen_CtpIDNote on CtpID (2)meta.notecharOClassOptical morphology from Schinnerer et al. ((2010ApJS..188..384S, Cat. J/ApJS/188/384)) (3)src.classcharJ/A+A/648/A102/tablec3Eddington ratios for FRs and COM AGNrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID3GHz VLA-COSMOS identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintRadioClassRadio classsrc.classcharlambdarRadiative luminosity over the Eddington luminosity (L_rad_/L_Edd_)phys.luminosityfloatlambdarkRadiative luminosity over the Eddington luminosity with the addition of the jet kinetic energy to the numerator ((L_rad_+Q_jet)//L_Edd_)phys.luminosityfloatlogLjetJet luminositylog(1e-07W)phys.luminosityfloatLX/LradioX-ray to radio luminosity ratiophys.luminosity;arith.ratiofloatlogMBHBlack hole masslog(solMass)phys.massfloat_RAPosition from Smolic et al., 2017, Cat. J/A+A/602/A1 (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from Smolic et al., 2017, Cat. J/A+A/602/A1 (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/648/A102/tablec4Intrinsic radio sizes of COM AGNrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID3GHz VLA-COSMOS identification numbermeta.id;meta.mainintDIntrinsic radio size (1)kpcphys.angSizefloat_RAPosition from Smolic et al., 2017, Cat. J/A+A/602/A1 (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from Smolic et al., 2017, Cat. J/A+A/602/A1 (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main