J/A+A/647/A88ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/647/A88doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36470088CDSArbet-Engels A.Baack D.Balbo M.Biland A.Blank M.Bretz T.,Bruegge K.Bulinski M.Buss J.Doerr M.Dorner D.Elsaesser D.,Hildebrand D.Mannheim K.Mueller S.A.Neise D.Noethe M.Paravac A.,Rhode W.Schleicher B.Sedlaczek K.Shukla A.Sliusar V.Walter R.,von Willert E.2021-07-05T08:34:07Z2021-03-12T07:35:01ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frbl-lacertae-objectsphotometrygamma-ray-astronomyx-ray-sourcesThe origin of the gamma-ray emission of the blazar Mrk 421 is still a matter of debate. We used 5.5 years of unbiased observing campaign data, obtained using the FACT telescope and the Fermi LAT detector at TeV and GeV energies, the longest and densest so far, together with contemporaneous multi-wavelength observations, to characterise the variability of Mrk 421 and to constrain the underlying physical mechanisms. We studied and correlated light curves obtained by ten different instruments and found two significant results. The TeV and X-ray light curves are very well correlated with a lag of <0.6 days. The GeV and radio (15GHz band) light curves are widely and strongly correlated. Variations of the GeV light curve lead those in the radio. Lepto-hadronic and purely hadronic models in the frame of shock acceleration predict proton acceleration or cooling timescales that are ruled out by the short variability timescales and delays observed in Mrk 421. Instead the observations match the predictions of leptonic models.2021A&A...647A..88Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/647/A88CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/A+A/545/A117 : Monitoring of Mrk 421 at 15 and 24 GHz (Lico+, 2012)J/A+A/559/A75 : 43GHz observation of the blazar Mrk 421 (Blasi+, 2013)J/A+A/576/A126 : The 2009 multiwavelength campaign on Mrk421 (Aleksic+, 2015)J/A+A/578/A22 : Mrk421 in March 2010 (Aleksic+, 2015)J/ApJS/222/6 : 4.5yr obs. of Mrk421 with ARGO-YBJ + Fermi (Bartoli+, 2016)J/A+A/576/A126 : The 2009 multiwavelength campaign on Mrk421 (Aleksic+, 2015)J/A+A/593/A91 : Mrk 421 multi-wavelength variability, 2007-2009 (Ahnen+, 2016)J/ApJ/831/102 : Swift and NuSTAR obs. of the BL Lac Mrk 421 (Kapanadze+, 2016)J/ApJS/232/7 : Mrk 421 8yr R-band photopolarimetric data (Fraija+, 2017)J/ApJ/848/103 : ~1.5yr Swift observations of Mrk 421 (Kapanadze+, 2017)J/ApJ/854/66 : Swift observations of Mrk 421. I. 2005-2008 (Kapanadze+, 2018)J/ApJ/858/68 : Swift observations of Mrk 421. II. (Kapanadze+, 2018)J/ApJS/247/27 : Swift observations of Mrk 421. III. (Kapanadze+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/647/A88https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/647/A88http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/647/A88https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/647/A88https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/647/A88http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/647/A88GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap9.939104355462015e-24 6.3822865317120225e-19Gamma-rayX-raydefaultJ/A+A/647/A88/fig1factFACT telescope TeV light-curve data (E_threshold_~700GeV)NameTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJDModified Julian datedtime.epochdoubleExpTimeExposure timehtime.duration;obs.exposurefloatFluxFlux, E>700GeV, FACT1e-11ph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.fluxfloate_FluxFlux error, E>700GeV, FACT1e-11ph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.error;phot.fluxfloatJ/A+A/647/A88/fig1fermFermi LAT light-curve data (0.1-300GeV)NameTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMJDModified Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxFlux, 0.1-300GeV, Fermi LATph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.fluxdoublee_FluxFlux error, 0.1-300GeV, Fermi LATph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.error;phot.fluxdoubleULFlux? Flux upper limit, 95% confidence level, 0.1-300GeV, Fermi LATph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.fluxdoublenullableJ/A+A/647/A88/fig1batSwift/BAT X-rays light-curve data (15-50keV)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharMJDModified Julian datedtime.epochdoubleExpTimeExposure timehtime.duration;obs.exposurefloatFluxFlux, 15-50keV, Swift/BAT0.001ph.s**-1.pixel**-1phot.fluxdoublee_FluxFlux error, 15-50keV, Swift/BAT0.001ph.s**-1.pixel**-1stat.error;phot.fluxdoubleJ/A+A/647/A88/fig1maxiMAXI X-rays light-curve data (2-20keV)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharMJDModified Julian datedtime.epochfloatFluxFlux, 2-20keV, MAXIph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-ray.mediumdoublee_FluxFlux error, 2-20keV, MAXIph.cm**-2.s**-1stat.error;phot.fluxdoubleJ/A+A/647/A88/fig1xrthSwift/XRT X-rays light-curve data (2-10 keV)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharMJDModified Julian datedtime.epochdoubleExpTimeExposure timehtime.duration;obs.exposuredoubleFluxFlux, 2-10keV, Swift/XRTph/sphot.fluxdoublee_FluxFlux error, 2-10keV, Swift/XRTph/sstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleJ/A+A/647/A88/fig1xrtsSwift/XRT X-rays light-curve data (0.3-2keV)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharMJDModified Julian datedtime.epochdoubleExpTimeExposure timehtime.duration;obs.exposuredoubleFluxFlux, 0.3-2keV, Swift/XRTph/sphot.fluxdoublee_FluxFlux error, 0.3-2keV, Swift/XRTph/sstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleJ/A+A/647/A88/fig1uvotOptical Swift/UVOT (UVM2) light-curve datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharMJDModified Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxFlux, UVM2, Swift/UVOTmJyphot.fluxdoublee_FluxFlux error, UVM2, Swift/UVOTmJystat.error;phot.fluxdoubleJ/A+A/647/A88/fig1vbanOptical (V-band) light-curve datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharMJDModified Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxFlux, V-band, Kuiper & Bok telescopesJyphot.fluxdoublee_FluxFlux error, V-band, Kuiper & Bok telescopesJystat.error;phot.fluxdoubleJ/A+A/647/A88/fig1radiThe OVRO radio telescope 15GHz light-curve datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameTarget namemeta.id;meta.maincharMJDModified Julian datedtime.epochdoubleFluxFlux, 15GHz, OVRO radio telescopeJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.12-30GHzdoublee_FluxFlux error, 15GHz, OVRO radio telescopeJystat.error;phot.fluxdouble