J/A+A/647/A19ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/647/A19doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36470019CDSTarricq Y.Soubiran C.Casamiquela L.Cantat-Gaudin T.Chemin L.,Anders F.Antoja T.Romero-Gomez M.Figueras F.Jordi C.Bragaglia A.,Balaguer-Nunez L.Carrera R.Castro-Ginard A.Moitinho A.Ramos P.,Bossini D.2023-06-09T13:02:45Z2021-03-01T06:34:16ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyopen-star-clustersradial-velocitystellar-distanceOpen Clusters (OCs) can trace with a great accuracy the evolution of the Galactic disk. The aim of this work is to study the kinematical behavior of the OC population over time. We take advantage of the latest age determinations of OCs to investigate the correlations of the 6D phase space coordinates and orbital properties with age. We also investigate the rotation curve of the Milky Way traced by OCs and we compare it to that of other observational or theoretical studies. We gathered nearly 30000 Radial Velocity (RV) measurements of OC members from both Gaia-RVS data and ground based surveys and catalogues. We computed the weighted mean RV, Galactic velocities and orbital parameters of 1382 OCs. We investigated their distributions as a function of age, and by comparison to field stars. We provide the largest RV catalogue available for OCs, half of it based on at least 3 members. Compared to field stars, we note that OCs are not exactly on the same arches in the radial-azimuthal velocity plane, while they seem to follow the same diagonal ridges in the Galactic radial distribution of azimuthal velocities. Velocity ellipsoids in different age bins all show a clear anisotropy. The heating rate of the OC population is similar to that of field stars for the radial and azimuthal components but significantly lower for the vertical component. The rotation curve drawn by our sample of clusters shows several dips, which match the wiggles derived from non-axisymmetric models of the Galaxy. From the computation of orbits, we obtain a clear dependence of the maximum height and eccentricity with age. Finally, the orbital characteristics of the sample of clusters as shown by the action variables, follow the distribution of field stars. The additional age information of the clusters points towards some (weak) age dependence of the known moving groups.2021A&A...647A..19Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/647/A19CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/640/A1 : Portrait Galactic disc (Cantat-Gaudin+, 2020)J/A+A/619/A155 : Open cluster kinematics with Gaia DR2 (Soubiran+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/647/A19https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/647/A19http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/647/A19https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/647/A19https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/647/A19http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/647/A19GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/647/A19/orbits (Mean parameters for the clusters (corrected version, 17-Dec-2021))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/647/A19/orbits?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/647/A19/orbits?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/647/A19/orbits?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true51.8734.9810.0055555555555555565/7555 7561 9333 9428 9482-9483 10442 10754 6/463 511 862 1072 1117 1119 1209 1218 1231 1276-1277 1285 1287 1289 1296-1298 1302 1305 1308 1317-1318 1321 1325-1326 1332 1335 1339 1341 1347 1358 1383 1385-1386 1423 1433 1445-1446 1455 1457 1461-1462 1464 1481-1482 1486 1509 1514 1539 1557 1576 1582 1649 1656 1661 1717 1752 1757 1781-1783 1789 1794 1801-1802 1824 1839-1840 1853 1890 1913 1923 1930-1931 1934 1948 1953 2373 2381 2395 2436 2517 2785 2859 2902 2940 2942 2994 3004 3009 3015 3028 3035 3038 3040 3043 3045-3047 3049-3050 3052 3055-3057 3059 3061-3063 3065-3067 3076 3091 3097 3102 3110 3136 3143 3145 3147 3149 3153 3168 3170 3186 3201 3227 3230 3242 3251 3254 3256-3258 3261-3262 3267 3274 3276-3277 3280 3289 3298 3301 3304 3306-3308 3312 3317 3323 3335 3361-3362 3364 3384 3469 3481 3493 3556 3584 3593 3596 3598 3604 3606 3608 3610 3613 3615 3619 3621-3622 3626 3631-3633 3636 3640 3642 3644-3645 3649 3654 3657 3659-3660 3674 3680 3687 3714-3715 3718 3723 3729 3738 3743 3748 3752 3783 3796 3974 4078 4298 4698 6149 6307 6760 6869 6881 6894 7086 12824 12891 12915 12941 12943 12955 12962 12984 12990 12995 13040 13048 13050 13055 13096 13162 13198 13225 13266 13286 13291 13304 13309 13559 13746 13786 13952 13962 13982 13994 13996 14013-14014 14029 14033 14058 14094 14098 14103 14126 14129 14134 14162 14175 14182 14206 14221 14225 14229 14233 14238 14242 14246 14251 14254 14258-14259 14262-14264 14267 14270-14271 14280 14282 14295 14297-14298 14300-14301 14306-14307 14310 14314-14315 14320 14322 14324 14330 14336 14346 14353 14356 14358 14363 14373 14391 14400 14402-14404 14410 14412-14413 14424-14425 14438 14449 14452 14455 14553 14571 14575 14598 14603 14606 14611 14622 14624 14626-14627 14629-14630 14632-14633 14638 14642-14645 14647 14650 14653 14686-14687 14689 14697 14700 14709 14730 14732 14740 14749 14752 14790 14800 14816-14817 14820 14878 15121 15226 15363 15369 15371 15373-15374 15376 15378-15379 15381 15384-15386 15389 15391 15396 15409 15412 15417 15424 15426 15430 15432 15434 15436 15439 15443 15447-15448 15477-15478 15483 15497 15520 15525 15590 15595 15616-15617 15622 15632 15640 15650 15653 15656 15659 15671 15676-15677 15681 15693 15698 15706 15709 15711 15747 15759 15827-15828 16490 20562 20745 20763 20797 20802 20814-20815 20821-20823 20825 20831 20833 20853 20863 20903 20939-20940 20951 20957 20966 21267 21328 21338 21369 21372 21428 21438 21450 21456 21495 21506 21509 21514 21517-21520 21522-21523 21528-21529 21531 21538 21540 21548-21550 21552 21557 21560 21562 21567 21584 21586 21602 21633 21643 21647 21656-21658 21668 21670 21680 21682 21687 21691 21693-21694 21719 21739 21741 21774 21804 21927 21984 22018 22021 22032 22034 22038 22040 22048 22053 22058 22065 22071 22079 22084 22089 22093-22094 22097-22098 22107 22118 22121 22123-22124 22130 22134 22146 22161 22163 22183 22211 22215-22216 22219 22224 22226 22239 22241 22246 22249 22253 22260 22305 22311 22314 22320-22321 22343 22348 22408 22421 22433 22478 22499 22805 22854 22859 22871 22880 22887 22895 22993 23410 23545 23580 23584 23612 23620-23622 23626 23629 23632-23633 23637-23638 23641 23645-23646 23655 23665-23666 23669 23677 23685 23696 23717 23745 23761 23765-23766 23768 23784 23796-23797 23807 23840 23851-23852 23861 23906 23936-23938 23950 23952 23964 23976 23979-23980 23994 23996 24057 24098 24121 24123 24130 24228 24291 24322 24326 24329-24330 24344-24345 24359 24361 24372 24375-24376 24386-24387 24399 24423 24465-24466 24470 24472 24476 24485 24489 24491 24496 24502 24508 24510 24513 24522 24527 24544 24553 28481 28709 28711 28715 28745 28800 28802 28806-28807 28809 28811-28812 28818 28822-28823 28825 28828 28830 28838 28868 28874 28876 28879 28891 28916 28918 28922 28976 28985 28997 29018 29027 29032 29035 29066 29078 29081-29082 29088 29092 29095 29101 29106 29108-29110 29121 29144 29154 29157-29158 29269 29456 29463 29497-29498 29505 29509-29510 29513 29517 29523 29530 29533 29653 29690 29728 29777 29864 29868 29874 29900 30127 30208 30210 30215 30217-30218 30227 30232 30234-30235 30256 30293 30306 30308 30335 30427 30439 30461 30506 30567 30595 30609 30622 30626 30635 30637 30646 30653 30667 30692 30697 30700-30701 30704 30717 31071 31757 31790 31812 31853 31865 32016-32017 32065-32066 32089 32111 32126 32198 32580 33102 34538 37012 37109 37161 37224 37230-37232 37235 37237 37244 37252 37279 37297 37319 37326-37327 37329 37337 37339-37340 37343 37348-37349 37351 37366 37368 37371 37373 37375 37592 37613 37672 37679 37681 37702 37705 37707 37711 37717-37719 37721 37724-37726 37733-37735 37737 37744-37745 37781 37789-37790 37816-37817 37835 37841 37845 37859 37861 37863 37865 37867 37869-37870 37886 37892 37895 37897 37899-37901 37904 37906 37908 37914 37916 37920 37923-37924 37926-37927 37936 37938 37942 37945 37948 37971 38016 38018 38021-38026 38041 38048 38051-38052 38054 38073 38119 38137 38242 38410 38412 38418 38432-38433 38441 38529 38537 38539 38562 38619 38627 38638 39003 39005 39018 39131 39160 39172 39181 39189 39191 39196 39210 39216 39236-39237 39244 39246 39251 39254-39255 39257 39259 39270 39274 39279 39285-39286 39290 39301 39321 39326 39354-39356 39359 39369 39371 39374-39375 39385 39390 39396-39397 39404 39406 39410 39412 39418-39420 39423 39527 39548 39709 39714 39739 39752 39756 39762-39763 39766 39770-39771 39775-39777 39779-39781 39785 39789 39795 39798 39801 39804-39806 39831-39832 39867 39871 39873 39876 39879 39883 39890 39894 39900-39901 39907 39910 39912 39919 39921 39931 39934-39935 39943-39944 39956 39963 39974 39977 40064 40071 40097 40101 40104-40105 40450-40451 40462 40489-40490 40499 40579-40580 40586-40587 40601 40603 40610-40612 40620 40625 40631 40696 40878 41141 41314 41381 41436 41445 41455 41461 41466-41467 41553 41557-41559 41577 41582 41591 41594 41599 41613 41615 41620-41621 41629 41633 41646 41649 41655 41670 41672-41673 41676 41678 41682 41688 41690-41692 41696-41697 41699 41701 41703 41711 41740 41747 41753 41756 41758 41762 41765 41775 41789 41799 41807-41809 41812 41814 41816 41829 41834 41846 41858 41863 41873-41874 41878 41922 41944 41995 42026 42029 42046 42135 42150-42151 42153 42156-42157 42159 42162-42164 42166 42168 42170-42171 42174 42177 42197 42201-42203 42206-42209 42213-42214 42216-42218 42224-42225 42230 42268 42274 42303 42336 42351 42353 42364-42365 42374 42378-42380 42383-42384 42387 42392 42394 42396 42399-42400 42402 42415 42417 42420-42421 42432-42433 42435 42437-42438 42452 42456 42458 42464 42469-42470 42472 42486 42496 42500 42503 42522 42583 42846 42850 42964 43012 43021-43022 43024 43026-43027 43033-43035 43040 43044 43046 43048 43050 43052 43059 43062 43136-43137 43140 43191 43218 43293 43301 43450 47621 47784 47854 49099https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/647/A19?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/647/A19/orbitsMean parameters for the clusters (corrected version, 17-Dec-2021)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableFlagIndicates origin of parameters, or the reason for their absence if missing (G1)meta.code.errorchars_vy? Standard deviation on vykm/sstat.stdevdoublenullablevz? Galactocentric cartesian space velocity in Z axiskm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.z;pos.galactocentricdoublenullables_vz? Standard deviation on vzkm/sstat.stdevdoublenullablevr? Radial velocity in Cylindrical Galactic systemkm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.galacticdoublenullables_vr? Standard deviation on vrkm/sstat.stdevdoublenullable_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.raindexedClusterName of the clustermeta.id.parentchars_Energy? Standard deviation on Energystat.stdev;phys.energydoublenullablevx? Galactocentric cartesian space velocity in X axiskm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.x;pos.galactocentricdoublenullables_vx? Standard deviation on vxkm/sstat.stdevdoublenullablevy? Galactocentric cartesian space velocity in Y axiskm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.y;pos.galactocentricdoublenullable_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decindexedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRVmeanMean Radial Velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;stat.meanfloate_RVmeanStandard error on RVmeankm/sstat.errorfloatNselNumber of stars used for RVmeanmeta.numberintRA_ICRS[] Right Ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5 (G1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5 (G1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainAgeNN? Age (logt) of the cluster (G1)log(yr)time.agefloatnullableDistPc? Converted distance modulus (G1)pcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableApo? Apocentre of the cluster orbitkpcpos.distance;src.orbitalfloatnullables_Apo? Standard deviation on Apocentrekpcstat.stdevdoublenullablePeri? Pericentre of the cluster orbitkpcpos.distance;src.orbitalfloatnullables_Peri? Standard deviation on Pericentrekpcstat.stdevdoublenullableEcc? Eccentricity of the cluster orbitsrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatnullables_Ecc? Standard deviation on Eccentricitystat.stdev;src.orbital.eccentricityfloatnullableMaxheight? Maximum altitude of the cluster orbitkpcsrc.orbitalfloatnullables_Maxheight? Standard deviation on Max_heightkpcstat.stdevdoublenullableEnergy? Energy of the orbitphys.energydoublenullablevphi? Azimuthal velocity in cylindrical Galactic systemkm/sphys.velocdoublenullables_vphi? Standard deviation on vphikm/sstat.stdevdoublenullableRgal? Distance from Galactic centrekpcpos.distance;pos.galactocentricfloatnullables_Rgal? Standard deviation on Rgalkpcstat.stdev;pos.distance;pos.galactocentricdoublenullablephi? Azimuth in Galactocentric cylindrical coordinatesdegpos.az.azi;pos.galactocentricdoublenullables_phi? Standard deviation on phidegstat.stdevfloatnullableXgal? X position in Galactocentric cartesian coordinatespcpos.cartesian.x;pos.galacticdoublenullables_Xgal? Standard deviation on Xgalpcstat.stdevdoublenullableYgal? Y position in Galactocentric cartesian coordinatespcpos.cartesian.y;pos.galacticdoublenullables_Ygal? Standard deviation on Ygalpcstat.stdevdoublenullableZgal? Z position in Galactocentric coordinatespcpos.cartesian.z;pos.galacticdoublenullables_Zgal? Standard deviation on Zgalpcstat.stdev;pos.distance;pos.cartesian.zdoublenullableHQS[0/1] High Quality Sample (2)meta.codeintJ/A+A/647/A19/rv-starsMean parameters for the starsGaiaDR2Gaia DR2 source IDmeta.id;meta.mainSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintprobaMembership probability (G1))stat.probabilityfloatClusterCluster namemeta.id.parentcharRVmeanMean Radial Velocity of the starkm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;stat.meandoublee_RVmeanStandard error on RVmeankm/sstat.errorfloatNmeasNumber of measurements used for RVmeanmeta.numberintused[0/1] Indicates if the RV of the star is used to calculate the RV of its clustermeta.codeint