J/A+A/645/A7ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/645/A7doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36450007CDSKiefer F.Hebrard G.A. Lecavelier des EtangsE. MartioliS. Dalal,Vidal-Madjar A.2024-07-16T20:01:41Z2020-12-23T09:58:32ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsorbitsradial-velocityastrometryMass is one of the most important parameters for determining the true nature of an astronomical object. Yet, many published exoplan- ets lack a measurement of their true mass, in particular those detected as a result of radial-velocity (RV) variations of their host star. For those examples, only the minimum mass, or msini, is known, owing to the insensitivity of RVs to the inclination of the detected orbit compared to the plane of the sky. The mass that is given in databases is generally that of an assumed edge-on system (~90{deg}), but many other inclinations are possible, even extreme values closer to 0{deg} (face-on). In such a case, the mass of the published object could be strongly underestimated by up to two orders of magnitude. In the present study, we use GASTON, a recently developed tool taking advantage of the voluminous Gaia astrometric database to constrain the inclination and true mass of several hundreds of published exoplanet candidates. We find 9 exoplanet candidates in the stellar or brown dwarf (BD) domain, among which 6 were never characterized. We show that 30 Ari B b, HD 141937 b, HD 148427 b, HD 6718 b, HIP 65891 b, and HD 16760 b have masses larger than 13.5 M_J_ at 3{sigma}. We also confirm the planetary nature of 27 exoplanets, including HD 10180 c, d and g. Studying the orbital periods, eccentricities, and host-star metallicities in the BD domain, we found distributions with respect to true masses consistent with other publications. The distribution of orbital periods shows of a void of BD detections below ~100d, while eccentricity and metallicity distributions agree with a transition between BDs similar to planets and BDs similar to stars in the range 40-50M_J_.2021A&A...645A...7Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/645/A7CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/337 : Gaia DR1 (Gaia Collaboration, 2016)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/645/A7https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/645/A7http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/645/A7https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/645/A7https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/645/A7http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/645/A7GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/645/A7/table3 (Properties (Simbad) and astrometric data (DR1 Gaia archive) for 659 host stars of 755 exoplanets (corrected version, 29-Sep-2021))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/645/A7/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/645/A7/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/645/A7/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true224.2014734863795774.900922569827780.0055555555555555566/311 320 341 431 437 748 790 876 918 1066 1292 1544 1597 2043 2110 2152 2250 2297 2308 2312 2374 2416 2532 2551 2577 2584 2596 2711 2737 2953 2971 3015 3118 3121 3344 3663 3906 3968 3979 4082 4104 4136 4145 4255 4272 4285 4298 4429 4441 4521 4528 4651 4698-4699 4730 4881 4990 5170 5309 5475 5488 5553 5556 5572 5667 6006 6017 6058 6237 6349 6381 6539 6638 6760 6791 6821 6831 7036 7162 7208 7272 7502 7746 7917 8197 8357 8477 8785 8825 9173 9350 9355 9459 9482-9483 9524 9662 9811 9843 9893 9934 10079 10118 10278 10407 10953 11035 11087 11267 11279 11394 11473 11589 11671 11699 12056 12083 12306 12424 12482 12486 12502 12644 12853 12862 12899 12983 13044 13143 13250 13439 13464 13569 13643 13680 13702 13752 13808 13941 14284 14317 14329 14412 14416 14419 14434 14516 14525 14555 14567 14583 14585 14591 14682 14734 14744 14757 14762 14772 14779-14780 14816 14826 14828 14839 14886 14914 14918 14920 14929-14930 14936 14939 14942 14961 14963 14968 14971 14973 14993 15029 15040 15060 15110 15112 15122 15126 15129 15131 15143 15149 15153 15160 15169 15174 15218 15848 16405 16432 16627 16652 16707 16783 16823 16847 16947 17040 17172 17226 17341 17551 17587 17641 17730 17753 17819 17851 17865 17888 17954 18028 18093 18147 18192 18208 18441 18459 18496 18510 18614 18641 18666 18747 18786 18821 18880 18943 18953 19371 19669 19815 19904 20072 20116 20186 20338-20339 20382 20582 20746 20780 20872 20886 21003 21026 21079 21176 21223 21254 21326 21406 21473 21531 21838 21906 22001 22036 22065 22078 22120 22168-22169 22208 22396 22505 22519 22590 22654 22816 22837 23013 23030 23322 23363 23414 23646 23681 24019 24178 24227 24312 24409 24428 24530 24713 24752 24831 24858 24981 25114 25132 25135 25153 25194 25401 25424 25427 25593 25604 25673 25794 25875 25885 25939 25950 26019 26062 26183 26242 26575 26706-26707 26790 26844 26918 26978 26997 27018 27060 27088 27164 27220 27488 27548 27616 27680 27682 27750 27787 27881 27975 28130 28274 28400 28433 28548 28571 28821 28865 29012 29017 29022 29246 29291 29513 29520 29541 29838 30009 30013 30015 30116 30240 30293 30344 30378 30444 30447 30451 30485 30526 30541 30707 30770 31216 31374 31428 31494 31541 31606 31641 31714 31813 31860 31874 32217 32259 32501 32561 32564 32575 32640 32659 32727 32749 32848 32930 33157 33182 33200 33220 33258 33377 33430 33510 33630 33717 33719 33798 33813 33923 33966 34260 34301 34370 34471 34526 34674 34708 34767 34773 34848 34860 34898 34902 34905 34940 34951 35079 35210 35339 35392 35415 35456 35532 35907 35954 35993 36092 36142 36165 36196 36497 36506 36555 36667 36794 37018 37247 37461 37573 37954-37955 38233 38414 38452 38464 38545 38682 38728 38807 39007 39257 39280 39446 39487 39512 39542 39611 39673 40066 40101 40143 40194 40312 40320 40400 40442 40513 40985 41058 41167 41432 41446 41607 41710 41724 42001 42044 42101 42221 42290 42318 42333 42386 42459 42510 42661 42934 42936 42986 42989 43012 43022 43228 43336 43432 43541 43586 43625 43677 43775 43813 43818 43847 43865 43911 43960 44243 44379 44398 44518 44648 44672 44685 44740 44921 45051 45168 45380 45717 45721 45766 45855 45865 46058 46111 46215 46306 46316 46421 46429 46437 46800 46843 46967 47000 47167 47307 47330 47476 47550 47590 47930 48005 48082 48108-48109 48111 48117 48165 48178 48358 48402 48519 48530 48545 48729 48747 48803 48945 491031.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/645/A7?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/645/A7/table2RV orbital parameters for 911 companions (exoplanets.org)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintOrbindicates RV orbital parameters (table 5) and/or GASTON results (table 9)meta.ref.urlcharNamePlanet namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryMsiniMass, Msin(i)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massdoublee_Msini? Msin(i) uncertainty(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.errordoublenullablePerOrbital perioddtime.perioddoublee_Per? Orbital period uncertaintydstat.errordoublenullableeccEccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricitydoubleSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablee_ecc? Eccentricity uncertaintystat.errordoublenullableomegaPeriastron longitudedegsrc.orbital.periastrondoublee_omega? Periastron longitude uncertaintydegstat.errordoublenullableTpTime of periastron passage (MJD)dtime.epochdoublee_Tp? Time of periastron passage uncertainty (MJD)dstat.errordoublenullableKRV amplitudem/ssrc.var.amplitudedoublee_K? RV amplitude uncertaintym/sstat.errordoublenullableMstarStellar masssolMassphys.massdoublee_Mstar? Stellar mass uncertaintysolMassstat.errordoublenullableDriftRV drift flagmeta.codeintO-C? RV residuals O-Cm/sstat.fit.residualdoublenullableTransitTransit flagmeta.codeintOrbit-refOrbit reference papermeta.bibcharOrbit-urlOrbit reference paper URLmeta.ref.urlcharTransit-refTransit reference papermeta.bibcharTransit-urlTransit reference paper URLmeta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/645/A7/table3Properties (Simbad) and astrometric data (DR1 Gaia archive) for 659 host stars of 755 exoplanets (corrected version, 29-Sep-2021)Gmag? G-band Gaia magnitude from GaiaDR1magphot.mag;em.optfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension from Simbad (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination from Simbad (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainVmag? V-band magnitude from Simbadmagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableB-V? B-V color magnitude from Simbadmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.VfloatnullableSpTypeSpectral Type from Simbadsrc.spTypecharPlxParallax (Gaia DR1 or DR2) (G1)maspos.parallaxdoublee_Plx? Parallax uncertaintymasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatnullableNFoVNumber of field-of-view transitmeta.numberfloatNtotTotal number of astrometric measurementsmeta.numberfloatDataset[false true] Gaia DR1 dataset (G2)meta.datasetcharDup[false true] Duplicate source (G3)meta.codecharepsi1Astrometric excess noise (G3)masstat.fit.paramfloatsepsi1EpsilonDR1 significance (G3)stat.fit.goodnessdouble(BP-RP)2Gb-Gr Gaia DR2 color magnitudephot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RdoubleJ/A+A/645/A7/table5RV orbital parameters and Gaia data for 258 exoplanet candidatesNamePlanet namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPOrbital perioddtime.perioddoublee_POrbital period uncertaintydstat.errordoubleMsiniMass, Msin(i)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massdoublee_MsiniMsin(i) uncertainty(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.errordoubleKRV amplitudem/ssrc.var.amplitudefloate_KRV amplitude uncertaintym/sstat.errorfloateccEccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricitydoublee_ecc? Eccentricity uncertaintystat.errordoublenullableomegaPeriastron longitudedegsrc.orbital.periastrondoublee_omega? Periastron longitude uncertaintydegstat.errordoublenullableTpTime of periastron passageMJDtime.epochdoublee_Tp? Time of periastron passage uncertaintyMJDstat.errordoublenullableMstarStellar masssolMassphys.massfloate_Mstar? Stellar mass uncertaintysolMassstat.errorfloatnullableaplanPlanet orbit semi-major axisauphys.angSize.smajAxisdoublee_aplan? Planet orbit semi-major axis uncertaintyaustat.errordoublenullablePlxParallax (Gaia DR1 or DR2) (G1)maspos.parallaxfloate_Plx? Parallax uncertaintymasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatnullableasiniStar orbit projected semi-major axis (asin(i))masmeta.iddoublee_asini? Star orbit projected semi-major axis uncertaintymasstat.errordoublenullableTransitTransit flagmeta.codecharDriftRV drift flagmeta.codecharepsi1Astrometric excess noise (G3)masstat.fit.paramfloatNptsTotal number of astrometric measurementsmeta.numberintNFoVNumber of field-of-view transitmeta.numberintDatasetGaia DR1 dataset (G2)meta.datasetintDupDuplicate source (G3)meta.codecharSample[D ND] Detection or Non-Detection sample (see text) (4)instr.saturationcharJ/A+A/645/A7/table9GASTON results for 189 companions from the non-detection samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamePlanet namemeta.id;meta.maincharDataset[1/2] Gaia DR1 dataset (G2)meta.datasetintPerOrbital perioddtime.perioddoubleMsiniM sin(i)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massdoubleasiniStar orbit projected semi-major axis (asin(i))masmeta.iddoubleepsi1Astrometric excess noise (G3)masstat.fit.paramfloataphot-upPhotocenter semi-major axis upper-limitmasphys.angSize;srcdoubleIc-lowOrbit inclination lower-limitdegsrc.orbital.inclination;stat.minfloatMc-trueCompanion true mass upper-limit(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massfloatdeltaVV-band magnitude difference lower-limit (5)pos.cartesian.y;arith.diff;stat.minfloatMCMCrateAcceptance rate of the MCMC runstat.fit.paramdouble