J/A+A/644/A68ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/644/A68doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36440068CDSMaldonado J.Micela G.Baratella M.D'Orazi V.Affer L.Biazzo K.,Lanza A.F.Maggio A.Gonzalez Hernandez J.I.Perger M.Pinamonti M.,Scandariato G.Sozzetti A.Locci D.Di Maio C.Bignamini A.Claudi R.,Molinari E.Rebolo R.Ribas I.Toledo-Padron B.Covino E.Desidera S.,Herrero E.Morales J.C.Suarez-Mascareno A.Pagano I.Petralia A.,Piotto G.Poretti E.2021-09-09T09:41:59Z2020-12-01T09:10:44ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frlate-type-starsm-starsexoplanetsmetallicityspectroscopyradial-velocityMost of our current knowledge on planet formation is still based on the analysis of main-sequence, solar-type stars. Conversely, detailed chemical studies of large samples of M-dwarf planet hosts are still missing. We aim to test whether the correlations between the metallicity, individual chemical abundances, and mass of the star and the presence of different type of planets found for FGK stars still holds for the less massive M dwarf stars. Methods to determine in a consistent way stellar abundances of M dwarfs from high-resolution optical spectra are still missing. The present work is a first attempt to fill this gap. We analyse in a coherent and homogeneous way a large sample of M dwarfs with and without known planetary companions. We develop for the first time a methodology to determine stellar abundances of elements others than iron for M dwarf stars from high-resolution, optical spectra. Our methodology is based on the use of principal component analysis and sparse Bayesian's methods. We made use of a set of M dwarfs orbiting around an FGK primary with known abundances to train our methods. We applied our methods to derive stellar metallicities and abundances of a large sample of M dwarfs observed within the framework of current radial velocity surveys. We then used a sample of nearby FGK stars to cross-validate our technique by comparing the derived abundance trends in the M dwarf sample with those found on the FGK stars. The metallicity distribution of the different subsamples shows that M dwarfs hosting giant planets show a planet-metallicity correlation as well as a correlation with the stellar mass. M dwarfs hosting low-mass planets do not seem to follow the planet-metallicity correlation. We also found that the frequency of low-mass planets does not depend on the mass of the stellar host. These results seem in agreement with previous works. However, we note that for giant planet hosts our metallicities predict a weaker planet metallicity correlation but a stronger mass-dependency than photometric values. We show, for the first time, that there seems to be no differences in the abundance distribution of elements different from iron between M dwarfs with and without known planets. Our data shows that low-mass stars with planets follow the same metallicity, mass, and abundance trends than their FGK counterparts, which are usually explained within the framework of core-accretion models.2020A&A...644A..68Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/644/A68CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/593/A117 : GJ 3998 RVs, S and Halpha indexes (Affer+, 2016)J/A+A/598/A26 : HADES RV Programme with HARPS-N at TNG. II. (Perger+, 2017)J/A+A/605/A92 : GJ 625 HARPS-N data (Suarez Mascareno+, 2017)J/A+A/608/A63 : HADES VI. GJ 3942b activity with HARPS-N (Perger+, 2017)J/A+A/622/A193 : Gl686 RV curves and BVR photometry (Affer+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/644/A68https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/644/A68http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/644/A68https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/644/A68https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/644/A68http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/644/A68GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/644/A68/tablea1 (Basic properties of the stars analysed in this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/644/A68/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/644/A68/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/644/A68/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.295371745.78656670.0055555555555555566/22 131 307 546 826 870 1033 1212 1530 1676 1791 1845 1896 2737 2747 3031 3163 3266 3626 3658 3682 3715 3766 4015 4366 4444 5207 5420 5534 6883 6924 7725 7940 8440 8733 8739 8915 9578 9681 10146 10149 10225 10464 10683 11636 11862 12814 12865 13157 13165 13175 13182 13556 13743 13912 14019 14277 15052 15311 15960 16391 16462 16635 16758 16910 17028 17348 17464 17870 18195 18440 18496 18666 19064 19466 19559 19668 19776 20023 20100 20109 20131 20311 20896 21151 21171 21747 21953 22014 22040 22222 22289 22309 22626 22645 22709 22807 23047 23056 23363 23718 23731 23735 23743 23765 24227 24713 24995 25009 25125 25989 26216 26538 26555 26560 26583 26772 26821 26972 27201 27289 27392 27459 27462 27734 28223 28341 28343 28494 28548 28646 28955 29458 29684 30429 30505 30522 30625 30771 30833 30893 31191 31229 31781 32015 32052 32076 32234 32259 32319 32335 32491 33964 34181 34437 34479 35154 35388 35520 36614 36658 36971 37332 37379 37654 38152 38456 38551 40250 40386 40505 40513 40610 41591 42054 42255 42290 42314 42459 42652 42784 43187 43580 43723 44284 44728 44921 44936-44937 45113 45317 45322 46566 46632 46718 47347 48274 48500 48906 48926https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/644/A68?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/644/A68/tablea3Planet host stars in the sample, along with the planetary propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharPlanetPlanetmeta.id.part;meta.maincharPer? Planetary period (1)dtime.perioddoublenullablea? Planetary semi-major axis (1)auphys.angSize;srcdoublenullablel_eLimit flag on emeta.code.errorchare? Planetary eccentricity (1)src.orbital.eccentricitydoublenullablemsiniPlanetary minimum mass (1)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massdoubleNotesNotes on msinimeta.notecharJ/A+A/644/A68/tablea4Derived abundances, [X/H], for the M stars analysed in this workrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar identifiermeta.id;meta.mainchar[Fe/H]Abundance [Fe/H]phys.abund.Fefloat[C/H]Abundance [C/H]phys.abundfloat[Na/H]Abundance [Na/H]phys.abundfloat[Mg/H]Abundance [Mg/H]phys.abundfloat[Al/H]Abundance [Al/H]phys.abundfloat[Si/H]Abundance [Si/H]phys.abundfloat[Ca/H]Abundance [Ca/H]phys.abundfloat[Sc/H]Abundance [Sc/H]phys.abundfloat[Ti/H]Abundance [Ti/H]phys.abundfloat[V/H]Abundance [V/H]phys.abundfloat[Cr/H]Abundance [Cr/H]phys.abundfloat[Mn/H]Abundance [Mn/H]phys.abundfloat[Co/H]Abundance [Co/H]phys.abundfloat[Ni/H]Abundance [Ni/H]phys.abundfloat[Zn/H]Abundance [Zn/H]phys.abundfloatJ/A+A/644/A68/tablea2Kinematic properties of the samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharPlx? Parallaxmaspos.parallaxdoublenullablee_Plx? Uncertainty on parallaxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatnullablepmRAProper motion in right ascension, pmRA*cosDEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublee_pmRAUncertainty on proper motion in RAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion in declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoublee_pmDEUncertainty in proper motion in DEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatRV? Radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablee_RV? Uncertainty on radial velocitykm/sstat.errordoublenullableU? Galactic spatial velocity component Ukm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.xfloatnullablee_U? Uncertainty on Ukm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.xfloatnullableV? Galactic spatial velocity component Vkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.yfloatnullablee_V? Uncertainty on Vkm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.yfloatnullableW? Galactic spatial velocity component Wkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.zfloatnullablee_W? Uncertainty on Wkm/sstat.error;pos.cartesian.zfloatnullableD/TD? Thin/Thick disk classification (1)meta.code.classcharJ/A+A/644/A68/tablea1Basic properties of the stars analysed in this workrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_TeffUncertainty on effective temperatureKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintSpTypeSpectral Typesrc.spTypechar[Fe/H]? Metallicityphys.abund.Zfloatnullablee_[Fe/H]? Uncertainty on metallicitystat.error;phys.abund.FefloatnullableMassStellar masssolMassphys.massfloate_MassUncertainty on stellar masssolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatRadStellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloate_RadUncertainty on stellar radiussolRadstat.errorfloatloggSurface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_loggUncertainty on surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatlogL*Stellar luminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_logL*Uncertainty on luminositylog(solLum)stat.errorfloatAge? Stellar ageGyrtime.agefloatnullablee_Age? Uncertainty on stellar ageGyrstat.error;time.agefloatnullableNotes[a] Notes (1)meta.notecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main