J/A+A/642/A87ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/642/A87doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36420087CDSKumar M.S.N.Palmeirim P.Arzoumanian D.Inutsuka S.2020-12-07T11:48:06Z2020-10-08T07:30:24ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinterstellar-mediummolecular-cloudsstar-forming-regionsStar formation takes place in giant molecular clouds, resulting in mass-segregated young stellar clusters composed of Sun-like stars, brown dwarves and massive O-type (50-100M_{sun}_) stars. To identify candidate hub-filament systems (HFS) in the Milky-Way and examine their role in the formation of the highest mass stars and star clusters. Filaments around ~35000 HiGAL clumps that are detected using the DisPerSE algorithm. Hub is defined as a junction of three or more filaments. Column density maps were masked by the filament skeletons and averaged for HFS and non-HFS samples to compute the radial profile along the filaments into the clumps. ~3700~(11%) are candidate HFS of which, ~2150~(60%) are pre-stellar, ~1400~(40%) are proto-stellar. All clumps with L>10^4^L_{sun}_ and L>10^5^L_{sun}_ at distances respectively within 2kpc and 5kpc are located in the hubs of HFS. The column-densities of hubs are found to be enhanced by a factor of ~2 (pre-stellar sources) up to ~10 (proto-stellar sources). All high-mass stars preferentially form in the density enhanced hubs of HFS. This amplification can drive the observed longitudinal flows along filaments providing further mass accretion. Radiation pressure and feedback can escape into the inter-filamentary voids. We propose a 'filaments to clusters' unified paradigm for star formation, with the following salient features: a) low-intermediate mass stars form in the filaments slowly (10^6^yr) and massive stars quickly (10^5^yr) in the hub, b) the initial mass function is the sum of stars continuously created in the HFS with all massive stars formed in the hub, c) Feedback dissipation and mass segregation arise naturally due to HFS properties, and c) explain age spreads within bound clusters and formation of isolated OB associations.2020A&A...642A..87Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/642/A87CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/607/A22 : Monoceros R2 filament hub FIR observations (Rayner+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/642/A87https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/642/A87http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/642/A87https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/642/A87https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/642/A87http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/642/A87GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/642/A87/table1 (Hub-filament candidates catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/642/A87/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/642/A87/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/642/A87/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true272.50613037-20.608887670.0055555555555555565/3242 3588-3589 7202-7203 7206-7207 7218 7225 7228-7229 7275 7278-7279 7376-7377 7382-7383 7554 7561 7564 7578-7579 7604-7605 7648 7651 7654 7672 7678-7679 9473 9475 10413-10414 10419-10420 10424 10443-10445 10450-10451 10453 10542-10543 10553 10556 10594-10595 10598-10599 10609 10611 10614-10615 10624 10753 6/12974 12986 14336-14337 14340-14341 14343 14361 14364-14365 14402-14403 14406 14408-14409 14412-14413 14415 14424 28802-28803 28806-28807 28852-28853 28878-28879 28890 28896-28897 28899 28921 28925 29088 29090-29091 29094-29097 29099 29162-29163 29456-29457 29460-29461 29463 29520 29522-29523 29526-29527 29557 30222-30223 30240-30241 30243 30260 30262-30263 30265 30268-30269 30271 30306 30328 30330-30331 30401 30404-30405 30428-30429 30598 30600-30601 30620 30622-30623 30641 30644-30645 30647 30666 30692 30694-30695 30701 30706-30707 30710 32085 37245 37897 37899 37904 37906-37907 37921-37926 37928-37929 37932 41595 41597-41599 41631 41647 41660-41662 41670-41671 41673-41675 41684-41686 41688-41689 41704 41755 41758-41759 41763 41765-41770 41784 41799 41810-41811 41816-41817 41820-41821 41824-41825 41856 42154-42155 42157-42159 42166-42167 42203 42206-42207 42210-42211 42216-42218 42220 42228-42230 42386-42387 42389-42391 42400-42401 42404-42405 42432 42434-42435 42440-42442 42448 42450-42452 42454-42455 42500-42502 42512-42513 43017-43020 43024-43026 43040-43042https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/642/A87?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/642/A87/table1Hub-filament candidates catalogNskelNumber of skeletonsmeta.numberintNH2outTotal Column density1e+23cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatLenoutTotal length of skeletonspcpos.distance;phys.sizefloatMfilTotal mass of the filaments1000solMassphys.massfloatMlineFilament line mass1000solMass.pc**-1phys.massfloat_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHFSHFS number (HFNNNNN)meta.id;meta.maincharGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latDistDistancekpcpos.distancefloat