J/A+A/642/A190ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/642/A190doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36420190CDSMAGIC CollaborationAcciari V.A.Ansoldi S.Antonelli L.A.,Arbet Engels A.Baack D.Babic A.Banerjee B.Barres de Almeida U.,Barrio J.A.Becerra Gonzalez J.Bednarek W.Bellizzi L.Bernardini E.,Berti A.Besenrieder J.Bhattacharyya W.Bigongiari C.Biland A.,Blanch O.Bonnoli G.Bosnjak Z.Busetto G.Carosi R.Ceribella G.,Chai Y.Chilingaryan A.Cikota S.Colak S.M.Colin U.Colombo E.,Contreras J.L.Cortina J.Covino S.D'Elia V.Da Vela P.Dazzi F.,De Angelis A.De Lotto B.Delfino M.Delgado J.Depaoli D.,Di Pierro F.Di Venere L.Do Souto Espineira E.Dominis Prester D.,Donini A.Dorner D.Doro M.Elsaesser D.Fallah Ramazani V.,Fattorini A.Fernandez-Barral A.Ferrara G.Fidalgo D.Foffano L.,Fonseca M.V.Font L.Fruck C.Fukami S.Garcia Lopez R.J.,Garczarczyk M.Gasparyan S.Gaug M.Giglietto N.Giordano F.,Godinovic N.Green D.Guberman D.Hadasch D.Hahn A.Herrera J.,Hoang J.Hrupec D.Huetten M.Inada T.Inoue S.Ishio K.Iwamura Y.,Jouvin L.Kerszberg D.Kubo H.Kushida J.Lamastra A.Lelas D.,Leone F.Lindfors E.Lombardi S.Longo F.Lopez M.Lopez-Coto R.,Lopez-Oramas A.Loporchio S.Machado de Oliveira Fraga B.Maggio C.,Majumdar P.Makariev M.Mallamaci M.Maneva G.Manganaro M.,Mannheim K.Maraschi L.Mariotti M.Martinez M.Masuda S.Mazin D.,Micanovic S.Miceli D.Minev M.Miranda J.M.Mirzoyan R.Molina E.,Moralejo A.Morcuende D.Moreno V.Moretti E.Munar-Adrover P.,Neustroev V.Nigro C.Nilsson K.Ninci D.Nishijima K.Noda K.,Nogues L.Noethe M.Nozaki S.Paiano S.Palacio J.Palatiello M.,Paneque D.Paoletti R.Paredes J.M.Penil P.Peresano M.Persic M.,Prada Moroni P.G.Prandini E.Puljak I.Rhode W.Ribo M.Rico J.,Righi C.Rugliancich A.Saha L.Sahakyan N.Saito T.Sakurai S.,Satalecka K.Schmidt K.Schweizer T.Sitarek J.Snidaric I.,Sobczynska D.Somero A.Stamerra A.Strom D.Strzys M.Suda Y.,Suric T.Takahashi M.Tavecchio F.Temnikov P.Terzic T.Teshima M.,Torres-Alba N.Tosti L.Tsujimoto S.Vagelli V.van Scherpenberg J.,Vanzo G.Vazquez Acosta M.Vigorito C.F.Vitale V.Vovk I.Will M.,Zaric D.2021-01-25T08:55:06Z2020-10-20T10:13:00ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgamma-ray-astronomygalactic-centerIn the presence of a sufficient amount of target material, gamma rays can be used as a tracer in the search for sources of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs). Here we present deep observations of the Galactic Center (GC) region with the MAGIC telescopes and use them to infer the underlying CR distribution and to study the alleged PeV proton accelerator (PeVatron) at the center of our Galaxy. We used data from 100hr observations of the GC region conducted with the MAGIC telescopes over five years (from 2012 to 2017). Those were collected at high zenith angles (58-70deg), leading to a larger energy threshold, but also an increased effective collection area compared to low zenith observations. Using recently developed software tools, we derived the instrument response and background models required for extracting the diffuse emission in the region. We used existing measurements of the gas distribution in the GC region to derive the underlying distribution of CRs. We present a discussion of the associated biases and limitations of such an approach. We obtain a significant detection for all four model components used to fit our data (Sgr A*, "Arc", G0.9+0.1, and an extended component for the Galactic Ridge). We observe no significant difference between the gamma-ray spectra of the immediate GC surroundings, which we model as a point source (Sgr A*) and the Galactic Ridge. The latter can be described as a power-law with index 2 and an exponential cut-off at around 20TeV with the significance of the cut-off being only 2{sigma}. The derived cosmic-ray profile hints to a peak at the GC position and with a measured profile index of 1.2+/-0.3 is consistent with the 1/r radial distance scaling law, which supports the hypothesis of a CR accelerator at the GC. We argue that the measurements of this profile are presently limited by our knowledge of the gas distribution in the GC vicinity.2020A&A...642A.190Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/642/A190CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/642/A190https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/642/A190http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/642/A190https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/642/A190https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/642/A190http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/642/A190GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/642/A190/list (List of fits maps)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/642/A190/list?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/642/A190/list?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/642/A190/list?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true266.41682-29.007830.005555555555555556Associated datahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/assocdata/?obs_collection=J/A+A/642/A1906/28830https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/642/A190?format=asciiGamma-raydefaultJ/A+A/642/A190/profileCR density profile obtained with MAGIC data (Fig. 4)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRRadial distance of bin centerpcstat.fit.paramintdRHalf width of binpcstat.fit.paramintwCRCosmic Ray Energy DensityeV.cm**-3phys.energy.densitydoubleE_wCRCosmic Ray Energy Density error (upper value)eV.cm**-3stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_wCRCosmic Ray Energy Density error (lower value)eV.cm**-3stat.errordoubleJ/A+A/642/A190/sedsSpectral data points of the source components used in the likelihood data analysis of the Gal. Center region given in the spectral energy density (SED) representation (Fig. 5)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintEminLower bin edgeGeVem.energyintEmaxUpper bin edgeGeVem.energyintF(SgrA*)Spectral Energy DensityeV.cm**-2.s**-1phys.energy.density;instr.bandwidthdoubleE_F(SgrA*)Spectral Energy Density error (upper value)eV.cm**-2.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_F(SgrA*)[] Spectral Energy Density error (lower value)eV.cm**-2.s**-1stat.errordoubleS(SgrA*)Statistical significance (in sigma unit)stat.valuefloatF(G0.9)Spectral Energy DensityeV.cm**-2.s**-1phys.energy.density;instr.bandwidthdoubleE_F(G0.9)Spectral Energy Density error (upper value)eV.cm**-2.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_F(G0.9)[] Spectral Energy Density error (lower value)eV.cm**-2.s**-1stat.errordoubleS(G0.9)Statistical significance (in sigma unit)stat.valuefloatULF(G0.9)? Spectral Energy Density upper limiteV.cm**-2.s**-1phys.energy.densitydoublenullableF(Arc)Spectral Energy DensityeV.cm**-2.s**-1phys.energy.density;instr.bandwidthdoubleE_F(Arc)Spectral Energy Density error (upper value)eV.cm**-2.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_F(Arc)[] Spectral Energy Density error (lower value)eV.cm**-2.s**-1stat.errordoubleS(Arc)Statistical significance (in sigma unit)stat.valuefloatULF(Arc)? Spectral Energy Density upper limiteV.cm**-2.s**-1phys.energy.densitydoublenullableF(CS)Spectral Energy DensityeV.cm**-2.s**-1phys.energy.density;instr.bandwidthdoubleE_F(CS)Spectral Energy Density error (upper value)eV.cm**-2.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_F(CS)[] Spectral Energy Density error (lower value)eV.cm**-2.s**-1stat.errordoubleS(CS)Statistical significance (in sigma unit)stat.valuefloatULF(CS)? Spectral Energy Density upper limiteV.cm**-2.s**-1phys.energy.densitydoublenullableJ/A+A/642/A190/listList of fits mapsNxNumber of pixels along X-axismeta.numberintTitleTitle of the FITS filemeta.title;meta.fitscharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right Ascension of center (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of center (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNyNumber of pixels along Y-axismeta.numberintsizeSize of FITS fileKibytephys.size;meta.fitsintFileNameName of FITS file, in subdirectory fitsmeta.id;meta.fitscharJ/A+A/642/A190/table1Best fit parameters of the cross-bin forward-folding likelihood fit of the spectra of individual componentsISpectral indexspect.indexfloate_I[] Spectral index error (lower value)stat.errorfloatE_ISpectral index error (upper value)stat.error;stat.maxfloatsI[] Spectral index systematic error (lower value)stat.errorfloatSISpectral index systematic error (upper value)stat.errorfloatE? Cut-off energyTeVem.energyfloatnullablee_E[]? Cut-off energy error (lower value)TeVstat.errorfloatnullableE_E? Cut-off energy error (upper value)TeVstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablesE[]? Cut-off energy systematic error (lower value)TeVstat.errorfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameComponent namemeta.id;meta.maincharTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharNFlux Normalizaion1e-25eV**-1.cm**-1.s**-1phot.flux;arith.ratiofloate_N[] Flux Normalizaion error (lower value)1e-25eV**-1.cm**-1.s**-1stat.errorfloatE_NFlux Normalizaion error (upper value)1e-25eV**-1.cm**-1.s**-1stat.error;stat.maxfloatsN[] Flux Normalizaion systematic error (lower value)1e-25eV**-1.cm**-1.s**-1stat.errorfloatSNFlux Normalizaion systematic error (upper value)1e-25eV**-1.cm**-1.s**-1stat.errorfloatSE? Cut-off energy systematic error (upper value)TeVstat.errorfloatnullableSStatistical significance (in sigma unit)stat.fit.goodnessfloat