J/A+A/641/A155ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/641/A155doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36410155CDSValentino F.Daddi E.Puglisi A.Magdis G. E.Liu D.Kokorev V.,Cortzen I.Madden S.Aravena M.Gomez-Guijarro C.Lee M.-Y.,Le Floch E.Gao Y.Gobat R.Bournaud F.Dannerbauer H.Jin S.,Dickinson M. E.Kartaltepe J.Sanders D.2022-09-02T09:02:44Z2020-09-24T08:07:39ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiescatalogsinfrared-sourcesspectroscopyinterferometryWe present the detection of multiple carbon monoxide CO line transitions with ALMA in a few tens of infrared-selected galaxies on and above the main sequence at z=1.1-1.7. We reliably detected the emission of CO(5-4), CO(2-1), and CO(7-6)+[CI](2-1) in 50, 33, and 13 galaxies, respectively, and we complemented this information with available CO(4-3) and [CI](1-0) fluxes for part of the sample, and by modeling of the optical-to-millimeter spectral energy distribution. We retrieve a quasi-linear relation between LIR and CO(5-4) or CO(7-6) for main-sequence galaxies and starbursts, corroborating the hypothesis that these transitions can be used as star formation rate (SFR) tracers. We find the CO excitation to steadily increase as a function of the star formation efficiency (SFE), the mean intensity of the radiation field warming the dust (<U>), the surface density of SFR (SigmaSFR), and, less distinctly, with the distance from the main sequence. This adds to the tentative evidence for higher excitation of the CO+[CI] spectral line energy distribution (SLED) of starburst galaxies relative to that for main-sequence objects, where the dust opacities play a minor role in shaping the high-J CO transitions in our sample. However, the distinction between the average SLED of upper main-sequence and starburst galaxies is blurred, driven by a wide variety of intrinsic shapes. Large velocity gradient radiative transfer modeling demonstrates the existence of a highly excited component that elevates the CO SLED of high-redshift main-sequence and starbursting galaxies above the typical values observed in the disk of the Milky Way. This excited component is dense and it encloses ~50% of the total molecular gas mass in main-sequence objects. We interpret the observed trends involving the CO excitation as to be mainly determined by a combination of large SFRs and compact sizes, as a large SigmaSFR is naturally connected with enhanced dense molecular gas fractions and higher dust and gas temperatures, due to increasing ultraviolet radiation fields, cosmic ray rates, as well as dust and gas coupling. We release the full data compilation and the ancillary information to the community.2020A&A...641A.155Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/641/A155CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/641/A155https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/641/A155http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/641/A155https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/641/A155https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/641/A155http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/641/A155GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/641/A155/table (*ALMA+Far-IR+Optical data table)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/641/A155/table?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/641/A155/table?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/641/A155/table?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true149.755708331.972238890.0055555555555555565/6814 6/27245 27247https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/641/A155?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/641/A155/table*ALMA+Far-IR+Optical data tableIDIdentifier (ID)meta.id;meta.mainintFreqContCI21? Frequency under CI21 (FREQCONTINUUMBAND7_CI21)GHzem.freqdoublenullableContCI21? Continuum under CI21 (CONTINUUMBAND7_CI21)mJyphot.flux.densitydoublenullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) (RAh)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (DEd)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainzspOptMIROptical/near-IR redshift (ZSPEC_OPTICALNIR) (1)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricfloatzspsubmmALMA submillimeter redshift (ZSPEC_SUBMM)src.redshift;pos.heliocentricdoublee_zspsubmm? Error on the ALMA redshift (DZSPEC_SUBMM)stat.errordoublenullablelogM*? logarithm of stellar mass (LOG_STELLARMASS) (2)log(solMass)phys.massdoublenullableLLIRtot? Total 8-1000um IR luminosity (TOTAL_LIR) (3)solLumphys.luminosity;em.IRdoublenullablee_LLIRtot? Error on the total IR luminosity (DTOTAL_LIR)solLumstat.errordoublenullableSFLIR? IR luminosity due to star formation (SF_LIR)solLumphys.luminosity;em.IRdoublenullablee_SFLIR? Error on IR luminosity due to star formation (DSF_LIR)solLumstat.errordoublenullableAGNLIR? IR luminosity from the AGN component (AGN_LIR)solLumphys.luminosity;em.IRdoublenullablee_AGNLIR? Error on IR luminosity from the AGN component (DAGN_LIR)solLumstat.errordoublenullablefAGN? Fraction of total LIR due to the AGN (F_AGN)phys.luminosity;em.IRdoublenullablee_fAGN? Error on the fraction of total LIR due to the AGN (DF_AGN)stat.errordoublenullableMdust? Dust mass (MDUST) (4)solMassphys.massdoublenullablee_Mdust? Error on the dust mass (DMDUST)solMassstat.errordoublenullableU? Mean intensity of the interstellar radiation field (U) (4)phot.mag;em.opt.Udoublenullablee_U? Error on U (DU)stat.error;pos.cartesian.xdoublenullableDistMS? Distance from the main sequence (DISTANCEMS) (5)stat.fit.paramdoublenullableSize? Source angular size from ALMA (SIZE)arcsecphys.angSizefloatnullablee_Size? Error on the source angular size from ALMA (DSIZE)arcsecstat.error;phys.angSizefloatnullable1sigsize? 1{sigma} upper limit on the size (ONESIGMA_SIZE)arcsecphys.angSize;stat.maxfloatnullablePunresProbability of being unresolved (PROBABILITY_UNRESOLVED) (6)stat.fit.goodnessdoubleFCO54? Velocity integrated CO54 flux (FLUX_LINECO54)Jy.km/sphot.flux.densitydoublenullableSNRCO54? S/N of the CO54 line flux (SNR_CO54)stat.snrdoublenullable1sigCO54? 1{sigma} limit on CO54 flux (ONESIGMA_CO54)Jy.km/sphot.flux.densitydoublenullableWidthCO54? Velocity width of CO54 line (WIDTH_CO54)km/sspect.line.widthdoublenullableapcorCO54? Applied aperture correction for CO54 (*APERTURECORR_CO54)arith.factordoublenullablee_apcorCO54? Error on aperture correction for CO54 (DAPERTURECORR_CO54)stat.errordoublenullablePlineCO54? Probability of spurious detection of CO54 (PROB_LINECO54)stat.fit.goodnessdoublenullablefCO54? Quality and usage flag for CO54 (FLAG_CO54)meta.code.qualfloatnullableFCO21? Velocity integrated CO21 flux (FLUX_LINECO21)Jy.km/sphot.flux.densitydoublenullableSNRCO21? S/N of the CO21 line flux (SNR_CO21)stat.snrdoublenullable1sigCO21? 1{sigma} limit on CO21 flux (ONESIGMA_CO21)Jy.km/sphot.flux.densitydoublenullableWidthCO21? Velocity width of CO21 line (WIDTH_CO21)km/sspect.line.widthdoublenullableapcorCO21? Applied aperture correction for CO21 (*APERTURECORR_CO21)arith.factordoublenullablee_apcorCO21? Aperture correction for CO21 (DAPERTURECORR_CO21)stat.errordoublenullablePlineCO21? Probability of spurious detection of CO21 (PROB_LINECO21)stat.fit.goodnessdoublenullablefCO21? Quality and usage flag for CO21 (FLAG_CO21)meta.code.qualfloatnullableFCO76? Velocity integrated CO76 flux (FLUX_LINECO76)Jy.km/sphot.flux.densitydoublenullableSNRCO76? S/N of the CO76 line flux (SNR_CO76)stat.snrdoublenullable1sigCO76? 1{sigma} limit on CO76 flux (ONESIGMA_CO76)Jy.km/sphot.flux.densityfloatnullableWidthCO76? Velocity width of CO76 line (WIDTH_CO76)km/sspect.line.widthdoublenullableapcorCO76? Applied aperture correction for CO76 (*APERTURECORR_CO76)arith.factorfloatnullablee_apcorCO76? Error on aperture correction for CO76 (DAPERTURECORR_CO76)stat.errorfloatnullablePlineCO76? Probability of spurious detection of CO76 (PROB_LINECO76)stat.fit.goodnessfloatnullablefCO76? Quality and usage flag for CO76 (FLAG_CO76)meta.code.qualfloatnullableFCI21? Velocity integrated CI21 flux (FLUX_LINECI21)Jy.km/sphot.flux.densitydoublenullableSNRCI21? S/N of the CI21 line flux (SNR_CI21)stat.snrdoublenullable1sigCI21? 1{sigma} limit on CI21 flux (ONESIGMA_CI21)Jy.km/sphot.flux.densityfloatnullableWIDTHCI21? Velocity width of CI21 line (WIDTHCI21)km/sspect.line.widthdoublenullableapcorCI21? Applied aperture correction for CI21 (*APERTURECORR_CI21)arith.factorfloatnullablee_apcorCI21? Error on aperture correction for CI21 (DAPERTURECORR_CI21)stat.errorfloatnullablePlineCI21? Probability of spurious detection of CI21 (PROB_LINECI21)stat.fit.goodnessfloatnullablefCI21? Quality and usage flag for CI21 (FLAG_CI21)meta.code.qualfloatnullableFCI10? Velocity integrated CI10 flux (FLUX_LINECI10)Jy.km/sphot.flux.densitydoublenullableSNRCI10? S/N of the CI10 line flux (SNR_CI10)stat.snrdoublenullable1sigCI10? 1{sigma} limit on CI10 flux (ONESIGMA_CI10)Jy.km/sphot.flux.densitydoublenullableWidthCI10? Velocity width of CI10 line (WIDTH_CI10)km/sspect.line.widthfloatnullableapcorCI10? Applied aperture correction for CI10 (*APERTURECORR_CI10)arith.factordoublenullablee_apcorCI10? Error on aperture correction for CI10 (DAPERTURECORR_CI10)stat.errordoublenullablePlineCI10? Probability of spurious detection of CI10 (PROB_LINECI10)stat.fit.goodnessfloatnullablefCI10? Quality and usage flag for CI10 (FLAG_CI10)meta.code.qualfloatnullableFCO43? Velocity integrated CO43 flux (FLUX_LINECO43)Jy.km/sphot.flux.densitydoublenullableSNRCO43? S/N of the CO43 line flux (SNR_CO43)stat.snrdoublenullable1sigCO43? 1{sigma} limit on CO43 flux (ONESIGMA_CO43)Jy.km/sphot.flux.densityfloatnullableWidthCO43? Velocity width of CO43 line (WIDTH_CO43)km/sspect.line.widthfloatnullableapcorCO43? Applied aperture correction for CO43 (*APERTURECORR_CO43)arith.factordoublenullablee_apcorCO43? Error on aperture correction for CO43 (DAPERTURECORR_CO43)stat.errordoublenullablePlineCO43? Probability of spurious detection of CO43 (PROB_LINECO43)stat.fit.goodnessfloatnullablefCO43? Quality and usage flag for CO43 (FLAG_CO43)meta.code.qualfloatnullableFreqContCO54? Frequency under CO54 (FREQCONTINUUMBAND6_CO54)GHzem.freqdoublenullableContCO54? Continuum under CO54 (CONTINUUMBAND6_CO54)mJyphot.flux.densitydoublenullablee_ContCO54? Error on continuum under CO54 (DCONTINUUMBAND6_CO54)mJystat.errordoublenullableFreqContCO21? Frequency under CO21 (FREQCONTINUUMBAND3_CO21)GHzem.freqdoublenullableContCO21? Continuum under CO21 (CONTINUUMBAND3_CO21)mJyphot.flux.densitydoublenullablee_ContCO21? Error on continuum under CO21 (DCONTINUUMBAND3_CO21)mJystat.errordoublenullableFreqContCI10? Frequency under CI10 (FREQCONTINUUMBAND6_CI10)GHzem.freqfloatnullableContCI10? Continuum under CI10 (CONTINUUMBAND6_CI10)mJyphot.flux.densitydoublenullablee_ContCI10? Error on continuum under CI10 (DCONTINUUMBAND6_CI10)mJystat.errordoublenullablee_ContCI21? Error on continuum under CI21 (DCONTINUUMBAND7_CI21)mJystat.errordoublenullable