J/A+A/641/A127ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/641/A127doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36410127CDSReichert M.Hansen C.J.Hanke M.Skuladottir A.Arcones A.Grebel E.K.2021-09-08T06:36:38Z2020-09-22T06:18:47ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxieschemical-abundancesWe present a large homogeneous set of stellar parameters and abundances across a broad range of metallicities, involving 13 classical dwarf spheroidal (dSph) and ultra-faint dSph (UFD) galaxies. In total, this study includes 380 stars in Fornax, Sagittarius, Sculptor, Sextans, Carina, Ursa Minor, Draco, Reticulum II, Bootes I, Ursa Major II, Leo I, Segue I, and Triangulum II. This sample represents the largest, homogeneous, high-resolution study of dSph galaxies to date. With our homogeneously derived catalog, we are able to search for similar and deviating trends across different galaxies. We investigate the mass dependence of the individual systems on the production of alpha-elements, but also try to shed light on the long-standing puzzle of the dominant production site of r-process elements. We used data from the Keck observatory archive and the ESO reduced archive to reanalyze stars from these 13 classical dSph and UFD galaxies. We automatized the step of obtaining stellar parameters, but ran a full spectrum synthesis (1D, local thermal equilibrium) to derive all abundances except for iron to which we applied nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium corrections where possible. The homogenized set of abundances yielded the unique possibility of deriving a relation between the onset of type Ia supernovae and the stellar mass of the galaxy. Furthermore, we derived a formula to estimate the evolution of alpha-elements. This reveals a universal relation of these systems across a large range in mass. Finally, we show that between stellar masses of 2.1x10^7^M_{sun}_ and 2.9x10^5^M_{sun}_ , there is no dependence of the production of heavy r-process elements on the stellar mass of the galaxy. Placing all abundances consistently on the same scale is crucial to answering questions about the chemical history of galaxies. By homogeneously analyzing Ba and Eu in the 13 systems, we have traced the onset of the s-process and found it to increase with metallicity as a function of the galaxy's stellar mass. Moreover, the r-process material correlates with the alpha-elements indicating some coproduction of these, which in turn would point toward rare core-collapse supernovae rather than binary neutron star mergers as a host for the r-process at low [Fe/H] in the investigated dSph systems.2020A&A...641A.127Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/641/A127CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/631/A171 : Neutron-capture elements in dwarf galaxies (Skuladottir+ 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/641/A127https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/641/A127http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/641/A127https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/641/A127https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/641/A127http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/641/A127GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/641/A127/tableo1 (Stellar parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/641/A127/tableo1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/641/A127/tableo1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/641/A127/tableo1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true14.7858722-33.70823390.0055555555555555566/2352 4419 7416-7417 8744-8745 10182-10183 11690-11691 12032 27207 27218 27580 28928 33626-33627 35549 35551 35720 35968-35969 39097 39100 47916 48012 48033-48035 48041-48042https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/641/A127?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/641/A127/tableo1Stellar parametersGalaxyGalaxy identifiermeta.idcharIDObject identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTeffAdopted effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_TeffEffective temperature errorKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveint[Fe/H]Metallicityphys.abund.Zfloate_[Fe/H]Metallicity errorstat.error;phys.abund.FefloatloggAdopted surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_loggSurface gravity errorlog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/641/A127/tableo2Absolute abundances per absorption featurerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDObject identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharGalaxyGalaxy identifiermeta.idcharElInvestigated elementphys.atmol.elementcharIonIonization state of the absorption featurephys.atmol.ionStagecharlambdaWavelength of the absorption feature0.1nmphys.absorptionfloatlog(eps)Absolute abundancephys.abundfloatJ/A+A/641/A127/tableo3Absolute abundances and inferred errorslogeps(Cr)? Absolute Cr abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_(temp)(Cr)? Temperature error on Crstat.errorfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDObject identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharGalaxyGalaxy identifiermeta.idchar[Fe/H]Metallicityphys.abund.Zfloate_[Fe/H]Metallicity errorstat.error;phys.abund.Fefloatlogeps(Mg)? Absolute Mg abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_(tot)(Mg)? Total error on Mgstat.errorfloatnullablee_(temp)(Mg)? Temperature error on Mgstat.errorfloatnullablee_(logg)(Mg)? Surface gravity error on Mgstat.errorfloatnullablee_([Fe/H])(Mg)? Metallicity error on Mgstat.errorfloatnullablee_(v)(Mg)? Microturbulence error on Mgstat.errorfloatnullablee_(stat)(Mg)? Statistical error on Mgstat.errorfloatnullablee_(noise)(Mg)? Error inferred through noise on Mgstat.errorfloatnullablelogeps(Sc)? Absolute Sc abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_(tot)(Sc)? Total error on Scstat.errorfloatnullablee_(temp)(Sc)? Temperature error on Scstat.errorfloatnullablee_(logg)(Sc)? Surface gravity error on Scstat.errorfloatnullablee_([Fe/H])(Sc)? Metallicity error on Scstat.errorfloatnullablee_(v)(Sc)? Microturbulence error on Scstat.errorfloatnullablee_(stat)(Sc)? Statistical error on Scstat.errorfloatnullablee_(noise)(Sc)? Error inferred through noise on Scstat.errorfloatnullablelogeps(Ti)? Absolute Ti abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_(tot)(Ti)? Total error on Tistat.errorfloatnullablee_(temp)(Ti)? Temperature error on Tistat.errorfloatnullablee_(logg)(Ti)? Surface gravity error on Tistat.errorfloatnullablee_([Fe/H])(Ti)? Metallicity error on Tistat.errorfloatnullablee_(v)(Ti)? Microturbulence error on Tistat.errorfloatnullablee_(stat)(Ti)? Statistical error on Tistat.errorfloatnullablee_(noise)(Ti)? Error inferred through noise on Tistat.errorfloatnullablee_(tot)(Cr)? Total error on Crstat.errorfloatnullablee_(logg)(Cr)? Surface gravity error on Crstat.errorfloatnullablee_([Fe/H])(Cr)? Metallicity error on Crstat.errorfloatnullablee_(v)(Cr)? Microturbulence error on Crstat.errorfloatnullablee_(stat)(Cr)? Statistical error on Crstat.errorfloatnullablee_(noise)(Cr)? Error inferred through noise on Crstat.errorfloatnullablelogeps(Mn)? Absolute Mn abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_(tot)(Mn)? Total error on Mnstat.errorfloatnullablee_(temp)(Mn)? Temperature error on Mnstat.errorfloatnullablee_(logg)(Mn)? Surface gravity error on Mnstat.errorfloatnullablee_([Fe/H])(Mn)? Metallicity error on Mnstat.errorfloatnullablee_(v)(Mn)? Microturbulence error on Mnstat.errorfloatnullablee_(stat)(Mn)? Statistical error on Mnstat.errorfloatnullablee_(noise)(Mn)? Error inferred through noise on Mnstat.errorfloatnullablelogeps(Ni)? Absolute Ni abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_(tot)(Ni)? Total error on Nistat.errorfloatnullablee_(temp)(Ni)? Temperature error on Nistat.errorfloatnullablee_(logg)(Ni)? Surface gravity error on Nistat.errorfloatnullablee_([Fe/H])(Ni)? Metallicity error on Nistat.errorfloatnullablee_(v)(Ni)? Microturbulence error on Nistat.errorfloatnullablee_(stat)(Ni)? Statistical error on Nistat.errorfloatnullablee_(noise)(Ni)? Error inferred through noise on Nistat.errorfloatnullablelogeps(Zn)? Absolute Zn abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_(tot)(Zn)? Total error on Znstat.errorfloatnullablee_(temp)(Zn)? Temperature error on Znstat.errorfloatnullablee_(logg)(Zn)? Surface gravity error on Znstat.errorfloatnullablee_([Fe/H])(Zn)? Metallicity error on Znstat.errorfloatnullablee_(v)(Zn)? Microturbulence error on Znstat.errorfloatnullablee_(stat)(Zn)? Statistical error on Znstat.errorfloatnullablee_(noise)(Zn)? Error inferred through noise on Znstat.errorfloatnullablelogeps(Sr)? Absolute Sr abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_(tot)(Sr)? Total error on Srstat.errorfloatnullablee_(temp)(Sr)? Temperature error on Srstat.errorfloatnullablee_(logg)(Sr)? Surface gravity error on Srstat.errorfloatnullablee_([Fe/H])(Sr)? Metallicity error on Srstat.errorfloatnullablee_(v)(Sr)? Microturbulence error on Srstat.errorfloatnullablee_(stat)(Sr)? Statistical error on Srstat.errorfloatnullablee_(noise)(Sr)? Error inferred through noise on Srstat.errorfloatnullablelogeps(Y)? Absolute Y abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_(tot)(Y)? Total error on Ystat.errorfloatnullablee_(temp)(Y)? Temperature error on Ystat.errorfloatnullablee_(logg)(Y)? Surface gravity error on Ystat.errorfloatnullablee_([Fe/H])(Y)? Metallicity error on Ystat.errorfloatnullablee_(v)(Y)? Microturbulence error on Ystat.errorfloatnullablee_(stat)(Y)? Statistical error on Ystat.errorfloatnullablee_(noise)(Y)? Error inferred through noise on Ystat.errorfloatnullablelogeps(Ba)? Absolute Ba abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_(tot)(Ba)? Total error on Bastat.errorfloatnullablee_(temp)(Ba)? Temperature error on Bastat.errorfloatnullablee_(logg)(Ba)? Surface gravity error on Bastat.errorfloatnullablee_([Fe/H])(Ba)? Metallicity error on Bastat.errorfloatnullablee_(v)(Ba)? Microturbulence error on Bastat.errorfloatnullablee_(stat)(Ba)? Statistical error on Bastat.errorfloatnullablee_(noise)(Ba)? Error inferred through noise on Bastat.errorfloatnullablelogeps(Eu)? Absolute Eu abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_(tot)(Eu)? Total error on Eustat.errorfloatnullablee_(temp)(Eu)? Temperature error on Eustat.errorfloatnullablee_(logg)(Eu)? Surface gravity error on Eustat.errorfloatnullablee_([Fe/H])(Eu)? Metallicity error on Eustat.errorfloatnullablee_(v)(Eu)? Microturbulence error on Eustat.errorfloatnullablee_(stat)(Eu)? Statistical error on Eustat.errorfloatnullablee_(noise)(Eu)? Error inferred through noise on Eustat.errorfloatnullable