J/A+A/640/A89ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/640/A89doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36400089CDSErnandes H.Barbuy B.Friaca A.C.S.Hill V.Zoccali M.Minniti D.,Renzini A.Ortolani S.2021-09-09T08:54:25Z2020-11-20T09:49:24ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxygiant-starschemical-abundancesThe Milky Way bulge is an important tracer of the early formation and chemical enrichment of the Galaxy. The abundances of different iron-peak elements in field bulge stars can give information on the nucleosynthesis processes that took place in the earliest supernovae. Cobalt (Z=27) and copper (Z=29) are particularly interesting. We aim to identify the nucleosynthesis processes responsible for the formation of the iron-peak elements Co and Cu. We derived abundances of the iron-peak elements cobalt and copper in 56 bulge giants, 13 of which were red clump stars. High-resolution spectra were obtained using FLAMES-UVES at the ESO Very Large Telescope by our group in 2000-2002, which appears to be the highest quality sample of optical high-resolution data on bulge red giants obtained in the literature to date. Over the years we have derived the abundances of C, N, O, Na, Al, Mg; the iron-group elements Mn and Zn; and neutron-capture elements. In the present work we derive abundances of the iron-peak elements cobalt and copper. We also compute chemodynamical evolution models to interpret the observed behaviour of these elements as a function of iron. The sample stars show mean values of [Co/Fe]~0.0 at all metallicities, and [Cu/Fe]~0.0 for [Fe/H]>=-0.8 and decreasing towards lower metallicities with a behaviour of a secondary element. We conclude that [Co/Fe] varies in lockstep with [Fe/H], which indicates that it should be produced in the alpha-rich freezeout mechanism in massive stars. Instead [Cu/Fe] follows the behaviour of a secondary element towards lower metallicities, indicating its production in the weak s-process nucleosynthesis in He-burning and later stages. The chemodynamical models presented here confirm the behaviour of these two elements (i.e. [Co/Fe] vs. [Fe/H] ~ constant and [Cu/Fe] decreasing with decreasing metallicities).2020A&A...640A..89Ehttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/640/A89CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/465/799 : Abundances of Galactic Bulge red giants (Lecureur+, 2007)J/AJ/148/67 : Abundances of 156 bulge red giants (Johnson+, 2014)J/A+A/625/A141 : Abundances of disk and bulge giants (Lomaeva+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/640/A89https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/640/A89http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/640/A89https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/640/A89https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/640/A89http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/640/A89GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/640/A89/table4 (Atmospheric parameters and radial velocities adopted from Zoccali et al. (2006A&A...457L...1Z) and Lecureur et al. (2007A&A...465..799L, Cat. J/A+A/465/799), and resulting Co and Cu abundances)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/640/A89/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/640/A89/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/640/A89/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true272.46033333-31.681002780.0055555555555555566/28768 28770 28778 28882 47852-47853https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/640/A89?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/640/A89/table4Atmospheric parameters and radial velocities adopted from Zoccali et al. (2006A&A...457L...1Z) and Lecureur et al. (2007A&A...465..799L, Cat. J/A+A/465/799), and resulting Co and Cu abundancesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar name, [LHZ2007] Star in Simbadmeta.id;meta.maincharOGLEOGLE designationmeta.idcharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintloggSurface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloat[Fe/H]Metallicityphys.abund.ZfloatvtMicorturbulent velocitykm/sphys.velocfloatvr? Radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablevhelioHeliocentric velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloat[Cu/Fe]LTE? LTE [Cu/Fe] abundancephys.abundfloatnullable[Co/Fe]LTE? LTE [Co/Fe] abundancephys.abundfloatnullable[Co/Fe]NLTENon-LTE [Co/Fe] abundancephys.abundfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/640/A89/table3LTE abundances of Co and Cu derived in the present workrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar name, [LHZ2007] Star in Simbadmeta.id;meta.mainchar[Fe/H]Abundance, [Fe/H]phys.abund.Fefloat[Cu/Fe]1? Abundance, [Cu/Fe], 5105.5374{AA}phys.abundfloatnullable[Cu/Fe]2? Abundance, [Cu/Fe], 5218.1974{AA}phys.abundfloatnullable[Co/Fe]1? Abundance, [Co/Fe], 5212.691{AA}phys.abundfloatnullableu_[Co/Fe]1Uncertainty flag on [Co/Fe]1meta.code.error;phys.abundchar[Co/Fe]2? Abundance, [Co/Fe], 5280.629{AA}phys.abundfloatnullable[Co/Fe]3? Abundance, [Co/Fe], 5301.047{AA}phys.abundfloatnullable[Co/Fe]4? Abundance, [Co/Fe], 5342.708{AA}phys.abundfloatnullable[Co/Fe]5? Abundance, [Co/Fe], 5454.572{AA}phys.abundfloatnullableu_[Co/Fe]5Uncertainty flag on [Co/Fe]5meta.code.error;phys.abundchar[Co/Fe]6Abundance, [Co/Fe], 5647.234{AA}phys.abundfloatu_[Co/Fe]6Uncertainty flag on [Co/Fe]6meta.code.error;phys.abundchar[Co/Fe]7? Abundance, [Co/Fe], 6117.000{AA}phys.abundfloatnullableu_[Co/Fe]7Uncertainty flag on [Co/Fe]7meta.code.error;phys.abundchar[Co/Fe]8? Abundance, [Co/Fe], 6188.996{AA}phys.abundfloatnullableJ/A+A/640/A89/table6Comparison of stellar parameters and Co and Cu abundances of the present work with Johnson et al. (2014AJ....148...67J) and Lomaeva et al. (2019A&A...625A.141L)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar name, [LHZ2007] Star in Simbadmeta.id;meta.maincharOGLEOGLE designationmeta.idcharTeff? Effective temperature, Present workKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablelogg? Surface gravity, Present worklog(cm.s**-1)phys.gravityfloatnullable[Fe/H]? Metallicity, Present workphys.abund.Zfloatnullablevt? Microturbulent velocity, Present workkm/sphys.velocfloatnullable[Co/Fe]LTE? LTE [Co/Fe] abundance, Present workphys.abundfloatnullable[Co/Fe]NLTE? Non-LTE [Co/Fe] abundance, Present workphys.abundfloatnullable[Cu/Fe]? Abundance [Cu/Fe], Present workphys.abundfloatnullableRef[JL] Reference for second set of values (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharTeff2Effective temperature from RefKphys.temperature.effectiveintlogg2Surface gravity from Reflog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloat[Fe/H]2Metallicity from Refphys.abund.Zfloat[Co/Fe]2Abundance [Co/Fe] from from Refphys.abundfloat[Cu/Fe]2? Abundance [Cu/Fe] from from Ref2phys.abundfloatnullableJ/A+A/640/A89/tableb1NLTE corrections to the derived LTE abundances of Co[Co/Fe]3NLTE corrections to [Co/Fe] 5301.047{AA} abundancephys.abundfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar name, [LHZ2007] Star in Simbadmeta.id;meta.mainchar[Co/Fe]1NLTE corrections to [Co/Fe] 5212.691{AA} abundancephys.abundfloat[Co/Fe]2NLTE corrections to [Co/Fe] 5280.629{AA} abundancephys.abundfloat[Co/Fe]4NLTE corrections to [Co/Fe] 5342.708{AA} abundancephys.abundfloat[Co/Fe]5NLTE corrections to [Co/Fe] 5454.572{AA} abundancephys.abundfloat[Co/Fe]6NLTE corrections to [Co/Fe] 5647.234{AA} abundancephys.abundfloat[Co/Fe]7NLTE corrections to [Co/Fe] 6117.000{AA} abundancephys.abundfloat[Co/Fe]8NLTE corrections to [Co/Fe] 6188.996{AA} abundancephys.abundfloatJ/A+A/640/A89/tabled1Metallicity [Fe/H] and abundances of C, N, O, Na, Mg, Al, Mn, Co, Cu for the 56 red giantsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar name, [LHZ2007] Star in Simbadmeta.id;meta.mainchar[Fe/H]Metallicityphys.abund.Zfloat[C/Fe]? Abundance [C/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[N/Fe]? Abundance [N/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[O/Fe]? Abundance [O/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[Na/Fe]? Abundance [Na/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[Mg/Fe]? Abundance [Mg/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[Al/Fe]? Abundance [Al/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[Mn/Fe]Abundance [Mn/Fe]phys.abundfloat[Cu/Fe]? Abundance [Cu/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[Co/Fe]LTELTE abundance [Co/Fe]phys.abundfloat[Co/Fe]NLTENLTE abundance [Co/Fe]phys.abundfloat[Zn/Fe]? Abundance [Zn/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable