J/A+A/640/A73ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/640/A73doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36400073CDSDe Rosa R.J.Dawson R.Nielsen E.L.2021-09-07T13:07:21Z2020-08-12T07:47:26ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsradial-velocityMeasuring the geometry of multi-planet extrasolar systems can provide insight into their dynamical history and the processes of planetary formation. These types of measurements are challenging for systems that are detected through indirect techniques such as radial velocity and transit, having only been measured for a handful of systems to date. We aim to place constraints on the orbital geometry of the outer planet in the {pi} Mensae system, a G0V star at a distance of 18.3pc that is host to a wide-orbit super-Jovian (Msini=10.02+/-0.15M_Jup_) with a 5.7-year period and an inner transiting super-Earth (M=4.82+/-0.85M_{Earth}_) with a 6.3-d period. The reflex motion induced by the outer planet on the Mensae star causes a significant motion of the photocenter of the system on the sky plane over the course of the 5.7-year orbital period of the planet. We combined astrometric measurements from the Hipparcos and Gaia satellites with a precisely determined spectroscopic orbit in an attempt to measure this reflex motion, and in turn we constrained the inclination of the orbital plane of the outer planet. We measure an inclination of i_b_=49.9^+5.3^_-4.5_deg for the orbital plane of {pi} Mensae b, leading to a direct measurement of its mass of 13:01^+1.03^_-0.95_M_{Jup}_. We find a significant mutual inclination between the orbital planes of the two planets, with a 95% credible interval for i_mut_ of between 34.5{deg} and 140.6{deg} after accounting for the unknown position angle of the orbit of {pi} Mensae c, strongly excluding a co-planar scenario for the two planets within this system. All orbits are stable in the present-day configuration, and secular oscillations of planet c's eccentricity are quenched by general relativistic precession. Planet c may have undergone high eccentricity tidal migration triggered by Kozai-Lidov cycles, but dynamical histories involving disk migration or in situ formation are not ruled out. Nonetheless, this system provides the first piece of direct evidence that giant planets with large mutual inclinations have a role to play in the origins and evolution of some super-Earth systems.2020A&A...640A..73Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/640/A73CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/A+A/619/L10 : pi Men radial velocity curves (Gandolfi+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/640/A73https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/640/A73http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/640/A73https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/640/A73https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/640/A73http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/640/A73GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/A+A/640/A73/table5Radial velocities of pi MensaerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian date (BJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubleRVRadial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_RVRadial velocity errorkm/sstat.errordoubleInstInstrument used to measure radial velocityspect.dopplerVeloccharJ/A+A/640/A73/table6Hipparcos astrometric measurements of pi MensaerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintYearYear (Year-1991.25)yrtimefloatparfParallax factorarith.factor;pos.parallaxfloatcospCosine of the scan anglepos.posAngfloatsinpSine of the scan anglepos.posAngfloatresAbscissa residualsmasstat.fit.residualfloate_resAbscissa residual uncertaintymasstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/640/A73/table7Predicted Gaia scan timings and orientationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintYearYear (Year-1991.25)yrtimefloatMJDModified Julian datedtime.epochdoubleparfParallax factorarith.factor;pos.parallaxdoublesintSine of the scan position anglepos.posAngdoublecostCosine of the scan position anglepos.posAngdouble