J/A+A/640/A66ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/640/A66doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36400066CDSFreund S.Robrade J.Schneider P.C.Schmitt J.H.M.M.2022-06-23T07:52:37Z2020-08-12T07:27:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersx-ray-sourcesdwarf-starsastronomical-object-identificationWe revisit the X-ray properties of the main sequence Hyades members and the relation between X-ray emission and stellar rotation. As an input catalog for Hyades members, we combined three recent membership lists derived from Gaia DR2 data that include the Hyades core and its tidal tails. We searched for X-ray detections of the main sequence Hyades members in the ROSAT all-sky survey (RASS), and pointings from ROSAT, the Chandra X-Ray Observatory, and XMM-Newton. Furtmermore, we adopted rotation periods derived from Kepler's K2 mission and other resources. We find an X-ray detection for 281 of 1066 bona fide main sequence Hyades members and provide statistical upper limits for the undetected sources. The majority of the X-ray detected stars are located in the Hyades core because of its generally smaller distance to the sun. F- and G-type stars have the highest detection fraction (72%), while K- and M-type dwarfs have lower detection rates (22 %). The X-ray luminosities of the detected members range from about 2x10^27^ for late M-type dwarfs to approximately 2x10^30^erg/s for active binaries. The X-ray luminosity distribution functions formally differ for the members in the core and tidal tails, which is likely caused by a larger fraction of field stars in our Hyades tails sample. Compared to previous studies, our sample is slightly fainter in X-rays due to differences in the Hyades membership list used; furthermore, we extend the X-ray luminosity distribution to fainter luminosities. The X-ray activity of F- and G-type stars is well defined at F_X_/F_bol_=10^-5^. The fractional X-ray luminosity and its spread increases to later spectral types reaching the saturation limit (F_X_/F_bol_=10^-3^) for members later than spectral type M3. Confirming previous results, the X-ray flux varies by less than a factor of three between epochs for the 104 Hyades members with multiple epoch data, significantly less than expected from solar-like actvity cycles. Rotation periods are found for 204 Hyades members, with about half of them being detected in X-rays. The activity-rotation relation derived for the coeval Hyades members has properties very similar to those obtained by other authors investigating stars of different ages.2020A&A...640A..66Fhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/640/A66CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIX/28 : ROSAT HRI Pointed Observations (1RXH (ROSAT Team, 2000)IX/30 : Second ROSAT PSPC catalog (ROSAT, 2000)IX/57 : The Chandra Source Catalog (CSC), Release 2.0 (Evans+, 2019)J/A+A/623/A35 : A 3D view of the Hyades population (Lodieu+, 2019)J/A+A/621/L2 : Hyades tidal tails revealed by Gaia DR2 (Roeser+, 2019)J/A+A/621/L3 : Hyades tidal tails with Gaia DR2 (Meingast+, 2019)J/A+A/588/A103 : Second ROSAT all-sky survey (2RXS) source 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21227 21238 21249 21255 21289 21300-21301 21303 21307-21308 21318-21319 21324 21347 21350 21354-21355 21361 21368 21370 21372 21374 21377-21378 21391 21398 21412 21429 21455-21456 21464 21466 21468 21472 21485 21490 21493 21496 21500 22053 22144 22176-22177 22185 22204 22229 22244 22254 22511 22558 22566 22598 22663 22679 22713 22745 22761 22781 22787 22810-22811 22820 22823 22830 22844 22847 22856-22857 22864-22865 22869 22872 22882 22890 22892 22902 22904 22906-22908 22910-22912 22920-22921 22935-22936 22956 22978 23006 23010-23011 23017 23023-23024 23026 23035 23037 23113 23115 23139 23211 23261 23285-23286 23288 23313 23315 23321 23324 23328-23329 23339 23344-23345 23355-23356 23358-23359 23362 23368-23370 23372 23375 23383 23385-23389 23392-23393 23395-23396 23399-23400 23404-23405 23407-23408 23413 23415-23416 23418-23419 23443-23444 23448 23450 23453-23454 23462 23468 23472 23487 23489-23490 23508 23510-23511 23513-23516 23518-23519 23529-23531 23540-23542 23558 23561 23575 23580 23583-23584 23593 23603 23608 23611 23618 23626 23651 23659-23660 23667 23680 23689 23695 23698 23702 23704-23705 23710 23714 23721-23724 23726-23727 23737-23739 23741 23753 23784 23787 23789 23794 23816 23818 23852 23883 23886 23904 23918 23932 24011 24019 24052 24058 24066-24068 24070 24075-24076 24078 24083 24094-24095 24097-24100 24102-24106 24109-24111 24118 24124 24126 24130 24137 24173 24175 24179 24192 24194-24196 24204 24206-24207 24212 24215-24218 24220 24223-24226 24228-24230 24241-24244 24246 24248 24251-24252 24256 24258-24259 24266 24280 24294 24297-24298 24310 24319 24355 24367 24394 24411 24414 24421 24423 24433 24562 34773 36609 36922 38997 39036 39170 39479 39605 39628 39644 39662 39669-39670 39672 39713 39730 39733 39815 39820 39834 39846 39854 39864-39865 40986 45568 489231.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/640/A66?format=asciiX-raydefaultJ/A+A/640/A66/hyadesHyades membership list with X-ray propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Source ID in Gaia DR2 (Gaia_ID)meta.id;meta.mainPosErr2RXP? Position error of 2RXP counterpart (PosErr_2RXP)arcsecstat.error;posfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)degpos.eq.decnullableindexedCatalog[LRM] Catalog of membership (Catalog) (1)meta.codecharRA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5 (RAdeg)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5 (DEdeg)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainplxParallax (plx)maspos.parallax.trigdoublee_plxError of the parallax (e_plx)masstat.error;pos.parallaxdoubleGmagGaia G band magnitude (Gmag)magphot.mag;em.optdoubleBPmag? Gaia BP band magnitude (BPmag)magphot.mag;em.opt.BdoublenullableRPmag? Gaia RP band magnitude (RPmag)magphot.mag;em.opt.RdoublenullableDistcoreDistance to Hyades core (Dist_core)pcpos.distancedoubleMS[M] Main sequence source (Main-seq)meta.codecharXraycatCatalog of the best X-ray detection or upper limit (X-ray_catalog)meta.id;meta.datasetcharSepX-ray? Angular separation between Hyades member and best X-ray detection (Sep_X-ray)arcsecpos.angDistancedoublenullableX-rayIDID of best X-ray detection (X-ray_ID)meta.idcharPosErrXray? Positional error of best detection (PosErr_X-ray)arcsecstat.errordoublenullableLXBest X-ray luminosity (LX)ZWphys.luminosity;em.X-raydoublee_LX? Error of best X-ray luminosity (e_LX)ZWstat.errordoublenullabler_PerSource of the best rotation period (Period_Source) (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharPer? Best rotation period (Period)dtime.period;meta.modelleddoublenullableSep2RXS? Angular separation between Hyades member and 2RXS counterpart (Sep_2RXS)arcsecpos.angDistancedoublenullable2RXSIDID of 2RXS counterpart (2RXS_ID)meta.idcharPosErr2RXS? Position error of 2RXS counterpart (PosErr_2RXS)arcsecstat.error;posdoublenullableRate2RXS? Count rate of 2RXS counterpart (Rate_2RXS)ct/sphot.count;em.X-raydoublenullablee_Rate2RXS? Error of count rate for 2RXS counterpart (e_Rate_2RXS)ct/sstat.errordoublenullableExpTime2RXS? Exposure time of 2RXS counterpart (ExpTime_2RXS)stime.duration;obs.exposuredoublenullableLX2RXS? 2RXS X-ray luminosity (LX_2RXS)ZWphys.luminosity;em.X-raydoublenullablee_LX2RXS? Error of 2RXS X-ray luminosity (e_LX_2RXS)ZWstat.errordoublenullableSep2RXP? Angular separation between Hyades member and 2RXP counterpart (Sep_2RXP)arcsecpos.angDistancedoublenullable2RXPIDID of 2RXP counterpart (2RXP_ID)meta.idcharRate2RXP? Count rate of 2RXP counterpart (Rate_2RXP)ct/sphot.count;em.X-raydoublenullablee_Rate2RXP? Error of count rate for 2RXP counterpart (e_Rate_2RXP)ct/sstat.errordoublenullableExpTime2RXP? Exposure time of 2RXP counterpart (ExpTime_2RXP)stime.duration;obs.exposurefloatnullableLX2RXP? 2RXP X-ray luminosity (LX_2RXP)ZWphys.luminosity;em.X-raydoublenullablee_LX2RXP? Error of 2RXP X-ray luminosity (e_LX_2RXP)ZWstat.errordoublenullableSep1RXH? Angular separation between Hyades member and 1RXH counterpart (Sep_1RXH)arcsecpos.angDistancedoublenullable1RXHIDID of 1RXH counterpart (1RXH_ID)meta.idcharPosErr1RXH? Position error of 1RXH counterpart (PosErr_1RXH)arcsecstat.error;posfloatnullableRate1RXH? Count rate of 1RXH counterpart (Rate_1RXH)ct/sphot.count;em.X-raydoublenullablee_Rate1RXH? Error of count rate for 1RXH counterpart (e_Rate_1RXH)ct/sstat.errordoublenullableExpTime1RXH? Exposure time of 1RXH counterpart (ExpTime_1RXH)stime.duration;obs.exposurefloatnullableLX1RXH? 1RXH X-ray luminosity (LX_1RXH)ZWphys.luminosity;em.X-raydoublenullablee_LX1RXH? Error of 1RXH X-ray luminosity (e_LX_1RXH)ZWstat.errordoublenullableobsIDXMM? Observation ID of XMM counterpart (obsID_XMM)meta.id;obslongnullableLXXMM? XMM X-ray luminosity (LX_XMM)ZWphys.luminosity;em.X-raydoublenullablee_LXXMM? Error of XMM X-ray luminosity (e_LX_XMM)ZWstat.errordoublenullableSepChandra? Angular separation between Hyades member and Chandra counterpart (Sep_Chandra)arcsecpos.angDistancedoublenullableChandraIDID of Chandra counterpart (Chandra_ID)meta.idcharPosErrChandra? Position error of Chandra counterpart (PosErr_Chandra)arcsecstat.error;posfloatnullableFluxChandra? Chandra X-ray flux (Flux_Chandra)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-raydoublenullablee_FluxChandra? Lower limit of Chandra X-ray flux (lolim_Flux_Chandra)mW.m**-2stat.errordoublenullableE_FluxChandra? Upper limit of Chandra X-ray flux (hilim_Flux_Chandra)mW.m**-2stat.error;stat.maxdoublenullableLXChandra? Chandra X-ray luminosity (LX_Chandra)ZWphys.luminosity;em.X-raydoublenullablee_LXChandra? Error of Chandra X-ray luminosity (e_LX_Chandra)ZWstat.errordoublenullableMember[Core Tail] Member of core or tail (Member)meta.code.memberchar