J/A+A/638/A74ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/638/A74doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36380074CDSLadjelate B.Andre P.Konyves V.Ward-Thompson D.Men'shchikov A.,Bracco A.Palmeirim P.Roy A.Shimajiri Y.Kirk J.Arzoumanian D.,Benedettini M.Di Francesco J.Fiorellino E.Schneider N.Pezzuto S.,Motte F.Herschel Gould Belt Survey Team2022-03-02T11:56:27Z2020-07-25T14:19:54ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fryoung-stellar-objectsinfrared-sourcesinterstellar-mediummillimeter-astronomyphotometrysubmillimeter-astronomyHerschel observations of nearby clouds in the Gould Belt support a paradigm for low-mass star formation, starting with the generation of molecular filaments, followed by filament fragmentation, and the concentration of mass into self-gravitating prestellar cores. With the unique far-infrared and submillimeter continuum imaging capabilities of the Herschel Space observatory, the closeby (d=139pc) Ophiuchus cloud was mapped at five wavelengths from 70 microns to 500 microns with the aim of providing a complete census of dense cores in this region, including unbound starless cores, bound prestellar cores, and protostellar cores. Taking advantage of the high dynamic range and multi-wavelength nature of the Herschel data, we used the multi-scale decomposition algorithms getsources and getfilaments to identify a complete sample of dense cores and filaments in the cloud and study their properties. The densest clouds of the Ophiuchus complex, L1688 and L1689, which thus far are only indirectly described as filamentary regions owing to the spatial distribution of their young stellar objects (YSOs), are confirmed to be dominated by filamentary structures. The tight correlation observed between prestellar cores and filamentary structures in L1688 and L1689 supports the view that solar-type star formation occurs primarily in dense filaments. While the sub clouds of the complex show disparities, L1689 being less efficient than L1688 at forming stars when considering their total mass budgets, both sub clouds share almost the same prestellar core formation efficiency in dense molecular gas. We also find evidence in the Herschel data for a remarkable concentric geometrical configuration in L1688 which is dominated by up to three arc-like compression fronts and presumably created by shockwave events emanating from the Sco OB2 association, including the neighboring massive (O9V) star sigma Sco.2020A&A...638A..74Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/638/A74CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/635/A34 : Catalog of dense cores in Orion B from Herschel (Konyves+ 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/638/A74https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/638/A74http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/638/A74https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/638/A74https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/638/A74http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/638/A74GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/638/A74/tablea1 (Observed properties of dense cores in Ophiuchus)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/638/A74/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/638/A74/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/638/A74/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true245.1466667-23.28927780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/638/A74/tablea2 (Derived properties of dense cores in Ophiuchus)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/638/A74/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/638/A74/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/638/A74/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true245.1466667-23.28927780.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/638/A74/list (List of fits images)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/638/A74/list?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/638/A74/list?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/638/A74/list?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true246.87996-24.211190.0055555555555555566/42959 42968 42970-42971 42980-42981 42983 42989 42992-42994 430013.972892068905477e-22 2.837779945223663e-21https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/638/A74?format=asciiInfraredMillimeterdefaultJ/A+A/638/A74/tablea1Observed properties of dense cores in OphiuchusCoretypeCore typesrc.classcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/513] Core running numbermeta.idintPA350[] Position angle of core at 350um, measured east of northdegpos.posAngintSigni500Detection significance at 500um (1)stat.fit.goodnessfloatSp500Peak flux density at 500umJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzdoublee_Sp500Error on peak flux density at 500umJy/beamstat.errordoubleSp500/Sbg500Contrast over local background at 500umphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatStot500Integrated flux density at 500umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzdoublee_Stot500Error on integrated flux density at 500umJystat.errordoubleFWHMa500Major FWHM diameter of core at 500umarcsecphys.angSize.smajAxisintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSigni070Detection significance at 70um (1)stat.fit.goodnessfloatSp070Peak flux density at 70umJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umdoublee_Sp070Error on peak flux density at 70umJy/beamstat.errordoubleSp070/Sbg070Contrast over local background at 70umphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatSconv070Smoothed peak flux density at 70um (in Jy/beam500) (2)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umdoubleStot070Integrated flux density at 70umJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umdoublee_Stot070Error on integrated flux density at 70umJystat.errordoubleFWHMa070? Major FWHM diameter at 70um (3)arcsecphys.angSize.smajAxisintnullableFWHMb070? Minor FWHM diameter at 70um (3)arcsecphys.angSize;srcintnullablePA070[]? Position angle of the core major axis at 70um, measured east of north (3)degpos.posAngintnullableSigni160Detection significance at 160um (1)stat.fit.goodnessfloatSp160Peak flux density at 160umJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoublee_Sp160Error on peak flux density at 160umJy/beamstat.errordoubleSp160/Sbg160Contrast over local background at 160umphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatSconv160Smoothed peak flux density at 160um (in Jy/beam500) (2)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoubleStot160Integrated flux density at 160umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoublee_Stot160Error on integrated flux density at 160umJystat.errordoubleFWHMa160? Major FWHM diameter at 160um (3)arcsecphys.angSize.smajAxisintnullableFWHMb160? Minor FWHM diameter at 160um (3)arcsecphys.angSize;srcintnullablePA160[]? Position angle of the core major axis at 160um, measured east of north (3)degpos.posAngintnullableSigni250Detection significance at 250um (1)stat.fit.goodnessfloatSp250Peak flux density at 250umJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublee_Sp250Error on peak flux density at 250umJy/beamstat.errordoubleSp250/Sbg250Contrast over local background at 250umphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatSconv250Smoothed peak flux density at 250um (in Jy/beam500) (2)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoubleStot250Integrated flux density at 250umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublee_Stot250Error on integrated flux density at 250umJystat.errordoubleFWHMa250? Major FWHM diameter at 250um (3)arcsecphys.angSize.smajAxisintnullableFWHMb250? Minor FWHM diameter at 250um (3)arcsecphys.angSize;srcintnullablePA250[]? Position angle of the core major axis at 250um, measured east of north (3)degpos.posAngintnullableSigni350Detection significance at 350um (1)stat.fit.goodnessfloatSp350Peak flux density at 350umJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublee_Sp350Error on peak flux density at 350umJy/beamstat.errordoubleSp350/Sbg350Contrast over local background at 350umphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatSconv350Smoothed peak flux density at 350um (in Jy/beam500) (2)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoubleStot350Integrated flux density at 350umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublee_Stot350Error on integrated flux density at 350umJystat.errordoubleFWHMa350Major FWHM diameter of core at 350umarcsecphys.angSize.smajAxisintFWHMb350Minor FWHM diameter of core at 350umarcsecphys.angSize;srcintFWHMb500Minor FWHM diameter of core at 500umarcsecphys.angSize;srcintPA500[] Position angle of core at 500um, measured east of northdegpos.posAngintSigniNH2Detection significance at column densitystat.fit.goodnessfloatNpH2Peak H2 column density at 18.2" resolution1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensity;stat.maxfloatNpH2/NbgContrast over local background at column densityphys.density;arith.ratiofloatNconvH2Peak H2 column density at 36.3" resolution1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensity;stat.maxfloatNbgH2Local background H_2 column density1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatFWHMaNH2Major FWHM diameter of core at N_H2arcsecphys.angSize.smajAxisintFWHMbNH2Minor FWHM diameter of core at N_H2arcsecphys.angSize;srcintPANH2[] Position angle of core at N_H2, measured east of northdegpos.posAngintNSED[0/5] Number of significant Herschel bandsmeta.numberintNSIMBADSIMBAD counterparts within 6-arcsecmeta.idcharNameCore name, HHMMSS.s+DDMMSS, to be added after HGBS_Jmeta.id;meta.maincharJ/A+A/638/A74/tablea2Derived properties of dense cores in OphiuchusNameCore name, HHMMSS.s+DDMMSS, to be added after HGBS_Jmeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeqCore running numbermeta.idintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainRdDeconvolved core radius (1)pcphys.size.radiusdoubleRobsObserved core radius (2)pcphys.size.radiusdoubleMcoreEstimated core masssolMassphys.massfloate_McoreUncertainty in the core masssolMassstat.errorfloatTdustDust temperature from SED fittingKphys.temperaturefloate_TdustUncertainty in the dust temperatureKstat.errorfloatNH2peakPeak H2 column density at 36.3" resolution1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensity;stat.maxfloatNH2avAverage N_H2_ derived with Robs1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatNH2avdAverage N_H2_ derived with Rd1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatnH2peakBeam-averaged peak volume density10000cm**-3phys.densityfloatnH2avAverage core volume density from Robs10000cm**-3phys.densityfloatnH2avdAverage volume density from Rd10000cm**-3phys.densityfloatalphaBEBonnor-Ebert mass ratiophys.mass;arith.ratiofloatCoretypeCore typesrc.classcharJ/A+A/638/A74/listList of fits imagesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNx[5751] Number of pixels along X-axismeta.numberintRAJ2000Right ascension of image center (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of image center (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainScale[3] Scale of the imagearcsec/pixinstr.scaleintNy[6042] Number of pixels along Y-axismeta.numberintsize[135742] Size of the fits fileKibytephys.size;meta.fitsintFileNameName of the fits file in subdirectory fitsmeta.id;meta.fitscharTitleTitle of the fits filemeta.title;meta.fitschar