J/A+A/635/A34ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/635/A34doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36350034CDSKonyves V.Andre P.Arzoumanian D.Schneider N.Men'shchikov A.,Bontemps S.Ladjelate B.Didelon P.Pezzuto S.Benedettini M.,Bracco A.Di Francesco J.Goodwin S.Rygl K. L. J.Shimajiri Y.,Spinoglio L.Ward-Thompson D.White G. J.2022-01-14T08:07:23Z2020-03-04T07:33:17ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fryoung-stellar-objectsinfrared-sourcesinterstellar-mediummillimeter-astronomyphotometrysubmillimeter-astronomyWe present a detailed study of the Orion B molecular cloud complex (d~400pc), which was imaged with the PACS and SPIRE photometric cameras at wavelengths from 70-micron to 500-micron as part of the Herschel Gould Belt survey (HGBS). We release new high-resolution maps of column density and dust temperature for the whole complex, derived in the same consistent manner as for other HGBS regions. In the filamentary subregions NGC2023 and 2024, NGC2068 and 2071, and L1622, a total of 1768 starless dense cores were identified based on Herschel data, 490-804 (~28-45%) of which are self-gravitating prestellar cores that will likely form stars in the future. A total of 76 protostellar dense cores were also found. The typical lifetime of the prestellar cores was estimated to be t_pre_^OrionB^=1.7(-0.6/+0.8)Myr. The prestellar core mass function (CMF) derived for the whole sample of prestellar cores peaks at ~0.5Msun (in dN/dlogM format) and is consistent with a power-law with logarithmic slope -1.27+/-0.24 at the high-mass end, compared to the Salpeter slope of -1.35. In the Orion B region, we confirm the existence of a transition in prestellar core formation efficiency (CFE) around a fiducial value A_V_^bg^~7mag in background visual extinction, which is similar to the trend observed with Herschel in other regions, such as the Aquila cloud. This is not a sharp threshold, however, but a smooth transition between a regime with very low prestellar CFE at A_V_^bg^<5 and a regime with higher, roughly constant CFE at A_V_^bg^>~10. The total mass in the form of prestellar cores represents only a modest fraction (~20%) of the dense molecular cloud gas above A_V_^bg^>~7mag. About 60-80% of the prestellar cores are closely associated with filaments, and this fraction increases up to >90% when a more complete sample of filamentary structures is considered. Interestingly, the median separation observed between nearest core neighbors corresponds to the typical inner filament width of ~0.1pc, which is commonly observed in nearby molecular clouds, including Orion B. Analysis of the CMF observed as a function of background cloud column density shows that the most massive prestellar cores are spatially segregated in the highest column density areas, and suggests that both higher- and lower-mass prestellar cores may form in denser filaments.2020A&A...635A..34Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/635/A34CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/559/307 : Sub-mm mapping in Orion B molecular cloud (Johnstone+, 2001)J/ApJ/639/259 : Sub-mm clumps in Orion B South molecular cloudJ/A+A/610/A12 : Clustering the Orion B giant molecular cloud (Bron+, 2018)J/A+A/634/A115 : Orion B9 dense cores H2D+ spectra (Miettinen, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/635/A34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/635/A34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/635/A34https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/635/A34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/635/A34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/635/A34GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/635/A34/tablea1 (Observed properties of dense cores in Orion B)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/635/A34/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/635/A34/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/635/A34/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true84.4953333-1.66180560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/635/A34/tablea2 (Derived properties of dense cores in Orion B)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/635/A34/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/635/A34/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/635/A34/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true84.4953333-1.66180560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/635/A34/list (List of fits images)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/635/A34/list?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/635/A34/list?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/635/A34/list?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true86.903820.100460.0055555555555555565/5713 5716 5719 5890 6/21486-21487 22849 22851 22860-22861 22871-22873 22875 23566 23584-23585 235883.972892068905477e-22 2.837779945223663e-21https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/635/A34?format=asciiInfraredMillimeterdefaultJ/A+A/635/A34/tablea1Observed properties of dense cores in Orion BSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/1870] Core running numbermeta.idintNameCore name, HHMMSS.s+DDMMSS, to be added after HGBS_Jmeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSigni070Detection significance at 70um (1)stat.fit.goodnessfloatSp070Peak flux density at 70umJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umdoublee_Sp070Error on peak flux density at 70umJy/beamstat.errordoubleSp070/Sbg070Contrast over local background at 70umphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatSconv070Smoothed peak flux density at 70um (in Jy/beam500) (2)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umdoubleStot070Integrated flux density at 70umJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umdoublee_Stot070Error on integrated flux density at 70umJystat.errordoubleFWHMa070? Major FWHM diameter at 70um (3)arcsecphys.angSize.smajAxisintnullableFWHMb070? Minor FWHM diameter at 70um (3)arcsecphys.angSize;srcintnullablePA070[]? Position angle at 70um (3)(4)degpos.posAngintnullableSigni160Detection significance at 160um (1)stat.fit.goodnessfloatSp160Peak flux density at 160umJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoublee_Sp160Error on peak flux density at 160umJy/beamstat.errordoubleSp160/Sbg160Contrast over local background at 160umphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatSconv160Smoothed peak flux density at 160um (in Jy/beam500) (2)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoubleStot160Integrated flux density at 160umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoublee_Stot160Error on integrated flux density at 160umJystat.errordoubleFWHMa160? Major FWHM diameter at 160um (3)arcsecphys.angSize.smajAxisintnullableFWHMb160? Minor FWHM diameter at 160um (3)arcsecphys.angSize;srcintnullablePA160[]? Position angle at 160um (3)(4)degpos.posAngintnullableSigni250Detection significance at 250um (1)stat.fit.goodnessfloatSp250Peak flux density at 250umJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublee_Sp250Error on peak flux density at 250umJy/beamstat.errordoubleSp250/Sbg250Contrast over local background at 250umphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatSconv250Smoothed peak flux density at 250um (in Jy/beam500) (2)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoubleStot250Integrated flux density at 250umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublee_Stot250Error on integrated flux density at 250umJystat.errordoubleFWHMa250? Major FWHM diameter at 250um (3)arcsecphys.angSize.smajAxisintnullableFWHMb250? Minor FWHM diameter at 250um (3)arcsecphys.angSize;srcintnullablePA250[]? Position angle at 250um (3)(4)degpos.posAngintnullableSigni350Detection significance at 350um (1)stat.fit.goodnessfloatSp350Peak flux density at 350umJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublee_Sp350Error on peak flux density at 350umJy/beamstat.errordoubleSp350/Sbg350Contrast over local background at 350umphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatSconv350Smoothed peak flux density at 350um (in Jy/beam500) (2)Jy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoubleStot350Integrated flux density at 350umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublee_Stot350Error on integrated flux density at 350umJystat.errordoubleFWHMa350Major FWHM diameter of core at 350umarcsecphys.angSize.smajAxisintFWHMb350Minor FWHM diameter of core at 350umarcsecphys.angSize;srcintPA350[] Position angle of core at 350um (4)degpos.posAngintSigni500Detection significance at 500um (1)stat.fit.goodnessfloatSp500Peak flux density at 500um (in Jy/beam)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzdoublee_Sp500Error on peak flux density at 500umJy/beamstat.errordoubleSp500/Sbg500Contrast over local background at 500umphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatStot500Integrated flux density at 500umJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzdoublee_Stot500Error on integrated flux density at 500umJystat.errordoubleFWHMa500Major FWHM diameter of core at 500umarcsecphys.angSize.smajAxisintFWHMb500Minor FWHM diameter of core at 500umarcsecphys.angSize;srcintPA500[] Position angle of core at 500um (4)degpos.posAngintSigniNH2Detection significance at column densitystat.fit.goodnessfloatNpH2Peak H_2_ column density at 18.2" resolution1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensity;stat.maxfloatNpH2/NbgContrast over local background at column densityphys.density;arith.ratiofloatNconvH2Peak H_2_ column density at 36.3" resolution1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensity;stat.maxfloatNbgH2Local background H_2_ column density1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatFWHMaNH2Major FWHM diameter of core at NH2arcsecphys.angSize.smajAxisintFWHMbNH2Minor FWHM diameter of core at NH2arcsecphys.angSize;srcintPANH2Position angle of core at NH2 (4)degpos.posAngintNSED[1/5] Number of significant Herschel bandsmeta.numberintCoretype[0/3] Core type (5)meta.codeintNSPITZERSPITZER association (6)phot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umintNSIMBADSIMBAD counterparts within 6-arcsecmeta.idcharComComments (N region)meta.notecharJ/A+A/635/A34/tablea2Derived properties of dense cores in Orion BRdDeconvolved core radius (1)pcphys.size.radiusdoubleRobsObserved core radius (2)pcphys.size.radiusdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/1844] Core running numbermeta.idintNameCore name, HHMMSS.s+DDMMSS, to be added after HGBS_Jmeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainMcoreEstimated core masssolMassphys.massfloate_McoreUncertainty in the core masssolMassstat.errorfloatTdustDust temperature from SED fittingKphys.temperaturefloate_TdustUncertainty in the dust temperatureKstat.errorfloatNH2peakPeak H2 column density at 36.3" resolution1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensity;stat.maxfloatNH2avAverage N_H2_ derived with Robs1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatNH2avdAverage N_H2_ derived with Rd1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatnH2peakBeam-averaged peak volume density10000cm**-3phys.densityfloatnH2avAverage core volume density from Robs10000cm**-3phys.densityfloatnH2avdAverage volume density from Rd10000cm**-3phys.densityfloatalphaBEBonnor-Ebert mass ratiophys.mass;arith.ratiofloatCoretypeCore type (3)meta.codeintComComments (4)meta.notecharJ/A+A/635/A34/listList of fits imagesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right Ascension of center (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of center (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainscale[3] Scale of the imagearcsec/pixinstr.scaleintNx[8170] Number of pixels along X-axismeta.numberintNy[10370] Number of pixels along Y-axismeta.numberintsize[330955] Size of FITS fileKibytephys.size;meta.fitsintFileNameName of FITS file, in subdirectory fitsmeta.id;meta.fitscharTitleTitle of the FITS filemeta.title;meta.fitschar