J/A+A/635/A131ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/635/A131doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36350131CDSIsrael F.P.2020-08-20T12:39:55Z2020-03-20T08:41:47ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesco-line-emissionchemical-abundancesWe present ground-based measurements of 126 nearby galaxy centers in ^12^CO and 92 in ^13^CO in various low-J transitions. More than 60 galaxies were measured in at least four lines. The average relative intensities of the first four J ^12^CO transitions are 1.00:0.92:0.70:0.57. In the first three J transitions, the average ^12^CO-to-^13^CO intensity ratios are 13.0, 11.6, and 12.8, with individual values in any transition ranging from 5 to 25. The sizes of central CO concentrations are well defined in maps, but poorly determined by multi-aperture photometry. On average, the J=1-0 ^12^CO fluxes increase linearly with the size of the observing beam. CO emission covers only a quarter of the HI galaxy disks. Using radiative transfer models (RADEX), we derived model gas parameters. The assumed carbon elemental abundances and carbon gas depletion onto dust are the main causes of uncertainty. The new CO data and published [CI] and [CII] data imply that CO, C, and C^+^ each represent about one-third of the gas-phase carbon in the molecular interstellar medium. The mean beam-averaged molecular hydrogen column density is N(H_2_)=(1.5+/-0.2)10^21^cm^-2^. Galaxy center CO-to- H2 conversion factors are typically ten times lower than the 'standard' Milky Way X disk value, with a mean X(CO)=(1.9+/-0.2)10^19^cm^-2^/(K.km/s) and a dispersion 1.7. The corresponding [CI]-H_2_ factor is five times higher than X(CO), with X[CI]=(9+/-2)10^19^cm^-2^/(K.km/s). No unique conversion factor can be determined for [CII]. The low molecular gas content of galaxy centers relative to their CO intensities is explained in roughly equal parts by high central gas-phase carbon abundances, elevated gas temperatures, and large gas velocity dispersions relative to the corresponding values in galaxy disks.2020A&A...635A.131Ihttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/635/A131CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/635/A131https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/635/A131http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/635/A131https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/635/A131https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/635/A131http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/635/A131GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/635/A131/table1 (Galaxy sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/635/A131/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/635/A131/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/635/A131/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true7.5912208-33.245350.0055555555555555566/700 932 2409 2687 3299 3506 4439 4511 4993 5200 5799 5975 5995 6034 6098 6360 7132 7424 7606 8106 8225 10144 10357 10475 10761 10841 10856 10927 10977 11006 11027 11832 13522 15161 15592 15955 16441 16453 16655 17754-17755 17927 18209 18212 18387 18398 18809 18895 19283 19619 20060 22654 22721 25344 25599 25946 26148 26175 26264 26267 26271 26303 26336 26338 27246 27514 27767 27861 27907 28015 28035 28046 28141 28167 28172 28184 28529 31158 33228 33920 33958 34272-34273 34343 34361 34495 34531 35536 35691 35993 36194 36450 36789 37128 37267 37436 37559 38139 38268 38390 38704 38814 40410 40454 41586 42016 42027 42113 42923 43233 43339 43342 43585 43881 43925 45748 45816 45883 46399 46440 46442 46882https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/635/A131?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/635/A131/table1Galaxy sampleSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharn_Name[*] * for Seyfert galaxies (1)meta.notecharDistCorrected distances from the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED) (2)Mpcpos.distancefloatlogFIR? IRAS FIR fluxlog(W.m**-2)phot.flux;em.IRfloatnullablelogLFIR? FIR luminosity from Dist and logFIRlog(solLum)phys.luminosity;em.IRfloatnullableD25aOptical size (3)arcminphys.angSizefloatD25b? Optical size (3)arcminphys.angSize;srcfloatnullable_RAPosition from Simbad (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from Simbad (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/635/A131/table2Galaxy center J=1-0 line intensitiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharInt12COS45? ^12^CO J-1-0 line intensity, SEST 45" beamK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.line.COfloatnullablen_Int12COS45Note on Int12COS45 (1)meta.notecharInt12COS122? ^12^CO J-1-0 line intensity, IRAM 122" beamK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.line.COfloatnullablen_Int12COS122Note on Int12COS122 (1)meta.notecharInt13COS47? ^13^CO J-1-0 line intensity, SEST 47" beamK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.line.COfloatnullableInt13COS122? ^13^CO J-1-0 line intensity, IRAM 122" beamK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.line.COfloatnullableJ/A+A/635/A131/table6Spatial distribution of CO emissionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharalphaWG? Whole galaxy alpha slope (defined by F{prop.to}theta^alpha^) describing the increase of flux F with beam-width thetaphot.flux;em.line.HalphafloatnullabledCOWG? Whole galaxy CO extend in arcmin, equals the angular size at which the extrapolated CO flux reaches the total CO flux taken from the literaturearcminsrc.class.starGalaxyfloatnullabledCOWGp? Whole galaxy CO distance, as a fraction of the optical galaxy size D25%phys.angSize;em.line.COintnullableOMEGACOCp? Central peak solid angle, OMEGA_CO_1e-09srphys.angSizefloatnullablen_OMEGACOCpNote on OMEGACOCpmeta.notecharrOMEGACOCpReference(s) for OMEGACOCp (1)meta.bibcharRCOcp? Central peak FWHM radius, R_CO_kpcphys.size.radius;stat.maxfloatnullableJ/A+A/635/A131/table7Line intensity ratios normalized to 22" aperturerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharn_NameNote on Name (1)meta.notecharf22? Fraction of all CO flux contained in an aperture of 22"spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullableTR1? Transition ratio, ^12^CO(2-1)=1, J=1-0spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullableTR2? Transition ratio, ^12^CO(2-1)=1, J=3-2spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullableTR3? Transition ratio, ^12^CO(2-1)=1, J=4-3spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullableIR1? Isotopologue ratio, ^12^CO/^13^CO, J=1-0spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullablen_IR1Note on IR1 (1)meta.notecharIR2? Isotopologue ratio, ^12^CO/^13^CO, J=2-1spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullablen_IR2Note on IR2 (1)meta.notecharIR3? Isotopologue ratio, ^12^CO/^13^CO, J=3-2spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullableJ/A+A/635/A131/table8Galaxies with J=1-0 isotopologue ratio onlyrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharI12CO/I13COIsotopologue ratio ^12^CO/^13^CO J=1-0phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatJ/A+A/635/A131/table9Physical properties of 22" central regionsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.mainchar[CO]/[C]Adopted beam-averaged fractional CO abundance%spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiointNCGas-phase total carbon column density (1)1e+17cm**-2phys.columnDensityintNH2? Beam-averaged molecular hydrogen column density1e+21cm**-2phys.columnDensityfloatnullableMgas? Total gas mass (2)1e+07solMassphys.massfloatnullableXHydrogen abundance, in X_0_ unitphys.abund.XfloatJ/A+A/635/A131/tablea1J=1-0 fluxes in different beamsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharTelTelescope (or ave) (1)meta.id;instr.telcharBeam? Beamarcsecphys.angSize;instr.beamfloatnullablen_Beam[tot All] tot for extrapolated to galaxy size, All for Allmeta.notecharl_FluxLimti flag on fluxmeta.code.error;phot.fluxcharFluxMeasured fluxJy.km/sphot.fluxinte_Flux? rms uncertainty on FluxJy.km/sstat.error;phot.fluxintnullableRefReference, in refs.datmeta.ref;pos.framecharJ/A+A/635/A131/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.noteintBibcodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharComCommentsmeta.notecharJ/A+A/635/A131/tableb1Detailed comparison of J=1-0 12CO/13CONameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTPNewly determined isotopologue ratio J=1-0 12CO/13CO, resolution 22"spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatBTL? BLT 100" beam-width isotopologue ratio J=1-0 12CO/13COspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullableNRAO? NRAO 55" beam-width isotopologue ratio J=1-0 12CO/13COspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullableNRAO2? Second NRAO 55" beam-width isotopologue ratio J=1-0 12CO/13COspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullableAROKP? AROKP 55" beam-width isotopologue ratio J=1-0 12CO/13COspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullableFCRAO? FCRAO 45" beam-width isotopologue ratio J=1-0 12CO/13COspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullableFCRAO2? Second FCRAO 45" beam-width isotopologue ratio J=1-0 12CO/13COspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullablePMO? PMO 45" beam-width isotopologue ratio J=1-0 12CO/13COspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullablel_SESTLimit flag on SESTmeta.code.errorcharSEST? SEST 45" beam-width isotopologue ratio J=1-0 12CO/13COspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullableSEST2? Second SEST 45" beam-width isotopologue ratio J=1-0 12CO/13COspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiointnullableOSO? OSO 33" beam-width isotopologue ratio J=1-0 12CO/13COspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullableIRAM? IRAM 22" beam-width isotopologue ratio J=1-0 12CO/13COspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullableIRAM2? Second IRAM 22" beam-width isotopologue ratio J=1-0 12CO/13COspect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatnullableRefsReferences (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/A+A/635/A131/table3Galaxy center J=2-1 line intensitiesNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintInt12COJ45? J=2-1 ^12^CO line intensity, JCMT 45" beamK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.line.COfloatnullablen_Int12COJ45Note on Int12COJ45 (1)meta.notecharInt12COJ22? J=2-1 ^12^CO line intensity, JCMT 22" beamK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.line.COfloatnullablen_Int12COJ22Note on Int12COJ22 (1)meta.notecharInt12COI11? J=2-1 ^12^CO line intensity, IRAM 11" beamK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.line.COfloatnullablel_Int13COJ23Limit flag on Int13COJ23meta.code.errorcharInt13COJ23? J=2-1 ^13^CO line intensity, JCMT 23" beamK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.line.COfloatnullablel_Int13COI11Limit flag on Int13COI11meta.code.errorcharInt13COI11? J=2-1 ^13^CO line intensity, IRAM 11" beamK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.line.COfloatnullableJ/A+A/635/A131/table4Galaxy center J=3-2 line intensitiesNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintInt12COJ22? J=3-2 ^12^CO line intensity, JCMT 22" beamK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.line.COfloatnullableInt12COJ14? J=3-2 ^12^CO line intensity, JCMT 14" beamK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.line.COfloatnullablel_Int13COJ14Limit flag on Int13COJ14meta.code.errorcharInt13COJ14? J=3-2 ^13^CO line intensity, JCMT 14" beamK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.line.COfloatnullableJ/A+A/635/A131/table5Galaxy center J=4-3 line intensitiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharInt12COJ22? J=4-3 ^12^CO line intensity, JCMT 22" beamK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.line.COfloatnullableInt12COJ14? J=4-3 ^12^CO line intensity, JCMT 14" beamK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.line.COfloatnullableInt12COJ11? J=4-3 ^12^CO line intensity, JCMT 11" beamK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.line.COfloatnullable