J/A+A/633/A9ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/633/A9doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36330009CDSMartins F.Schaerer D.Haemmerle L.Charbonnel C.2019-12-23T05:34:11Z2019-12-23T06:33:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frglobular-star-clustersredshiftedhst-photometryastronomical-modelsWe investigate the spectral properties of proto-GCs that would host a supermassive star (SMS). Our main goal is to quantify how such a star would affect the integrated light of the cluster, and to study the detectability of such objects. We computed nonlocal thermal equilibrium atmosphere models for SMS with various combinations of stellar parameters (luminosity, effective temperature, and mass) and metallicities appropriate for GCs, and we predict their emergent spectra. Using these spectra, we calculated the total emission of young proto-GCs with SMS as predicted in a previously reported scenario, and we computed synthetic photometry in UV, optical, and near-IR bands, in particular for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). At an effective temperature of 10000K, the spectrum of SMSs shows a Balmer break in emission. This feature is due to strong nonlocal thermal equilibrium effects (implied by the high luminosity) and is not observed in "normal" stars. The hydrogen lines also show a peculiar behavior, with Balmer lines in emission while higher series lines are in absorption. At 7000 K, the Balmer break shows a strong absorption. At high effective temperatures, the Lyman break is found in emission. Cool and luminous SMSs are found to dominate the integrated spectrum of the cluster, except for the UV range. The predicted magnitudes of these proto-GCs are mag_AB_~28-30 between 0.7 and 8um and for redshifts z~4-10, which is detectable with the JWST. The peculiar observational features of cool SMSs imply that they might in principle be detected in color-color diagrams that probe the spectral energy distribution below and above the Balmer break.2020A&A...633A...9Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/633/A9CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/633/A9https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/633/A9http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/633/A9https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/633/A9https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/633/A9http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/633/A9GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/A+A/633/A9/tabled6Total spectrum, SMS Model B3 + stellar cluster, with nebular emissionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintzRedshiftsrc.redshiftfloatF070WF070W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF090WF090W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF115WF115W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF150WF150W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF200WF200W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF277WF277W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF356WF356W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF410WF410W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF444WF444W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF560WF560W MIRI filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF770WF770W MIRI filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/633/A9/tabled7Cluster model, without nebular emissionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintzRedshiftsrc.redshiftfloatF070WF070W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF090WF090W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF115WF115W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF150WF150W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF200WF200W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF277WF277W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF356WF356W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF410WF410W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF444WF444W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF560WF560W MIRI filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF770WF770W MIRI filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/633/A9/tabled8Cluster model, with nebular emissionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintzRedshiftsrc.redshiftfloatF070WF070W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF090WF090W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF115WF115W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF150WF150W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF200WF200W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF277WF277W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF356WF356W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF410WF410W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF444WF444W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF560WF560W MIRI filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF770WF770W MIRI filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/633/A9/tabled1SMS Model A2, without nebular emissionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintzRedshiftsrc.redshiftfloatF070WF070W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF090WF090W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF115WF115W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF150WF150W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF200WF200W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF277WF277W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF356WF356W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF410WF410W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF444WF444W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF560WF560W MIRI filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF770WF770W MIRI filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/633/A9/tabled2Total spectrum, SMS Model A2 + stellar cluster, with nebular emissionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintzRedshiftsrc.redshiftfloatF070WF070W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF090WF090W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF115WF115W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF150WF150W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF200WF200W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF277WF277W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF356WF356W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF410WF410W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF444WF444W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF560WF560W MIRI filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF770WF770W MIRI filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/633/A9/tabled3SMS Model A4, without nebular emissionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintzRedshiftsrc.redshiftfloatF070WF070W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF090WF090W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF115WF115W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF150WF150W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF200WF200W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF277WF277W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF356WF356W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF410WF410W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF444WF444W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF560WF560W MIRI filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF770WF770W MIRI filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/633/A9/tabled4Total spectrum, SMS Model A4 + stellar cluster, with nebular emissionzRedshiftsrc.redshiftfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintF070WF070W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF090WF090W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF115WF115W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF150WF150W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF200WF200W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF277WF277W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF356WF356W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF410WF410W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF444WF444W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF560WF560W MIRI filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF770WF770W MIRI filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleJ/A+A/633/A9/tabled5SMS Model B3, without nebular emissionrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintzRedshiftsrc.redshiftfloatF070WF070W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF090WF090W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF115WF115W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF150WF150W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF200WF200W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF277WF277W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF356WF356W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF410WF410W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF444WF444W NIRCAM filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF560WF560W MIRI filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddoubleF770WF770W MIRI filter magnitude (AB)magphot.mag;meta.modelleddouble