J/A+A/633/A34ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/633/A34doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36330034CDSCharbonnel C.Lagarde N.Jasniewicz G.North P.L.Shetrone M.,Krugler Hollek J.Smith V.V.Smiljanic R.Palacios A.Ottoni G.2021-09-10T14:57:24Z2020-01-09T08:12:01ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frlate-type-starsgiant-starschemical-abundancesLithium is extensively known to be a good tracer of non-standard mixing processes occurring in stellar interiors. We present the results of a new large Lithium survey in red giant stars and combine it with surveys from the literature to probe the impact of rotation-induced mixing and thermohaline double-diffusive instability along stellar evolution. We determined the surface Li abundance for a sample of 829 giant stars with accurate Gaia parallaxes for a large subsample (810 stars) complemented with accurate Hipparcos parallaxes (19 stars). The spectra of our sample of northern and southern giant stars were obtained in three ground-based observatories (Observatoire de Haute-Provence, ESO-La Silla, and the Mc Donald Observatory). We determined the atmospheric parameters (Teff, log(g) and [Fe/H]), and the Li abundance. We used Gaia parallaxes and photometry to determine the luminosity of our objects and we estimated the mass and evolution status of each sample star with a maximum-likelihood technique using stellar evolution models computed with the STAREVOL code. We compared the observed Li behaviour with predictions from stellar models, including rotation and thermohaline mixing. The same approach was used for stars from selected Li surveys from the literature. Rotation-induced mixing accounts nicely for the lithium behaviour in stars warmer than about 4200K, independently of the mass domain. For stars with masses lower than 2M_{sun}_ thermohaline mixing leads to further Li depletion below the Teff of the RGB bump (about 4000K), and on the early AGB, as observed. Depending on the definition we adopt, we find between 0.8 and 2.2% of Li-rich giants in our new sample. Gaia puts a new spin on the understanding of mixing processes in stars, and our study confirms the importance of rotation-induced processes and of thermohaline mixing. However asteroseismology is required to definitively pinpoint the actual evolution status of Li-rich giants.2020A&A...633A..34Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/633/A34CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/AJ/133/2464 : Parameters and abundances of nearby giants (Luck+, 2007)J/ApJ/785/94 : Lithium abundances of a large sample of red giants (Liu+, 2014)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/633/A34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/633/A34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/633/A34https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/633/A34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/633/A34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/633/A34GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/633/A34/table1 (Properties of giant field stars in our sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/633/A34/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/633/A34/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/633/A34/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.424838813.3962660.0055555555555555566/210 329 346 377 654 737 915 998 1360 1388 1535 1877 2014 2047 2282 2433 2440 2525 2541 2834 2837 2973 3026 3401 3412 3418 3423 3452 3462 3619 3777 3809 3878 3926 3958 3971 3975 4041 4068 4256 4444 4559 4690 4869 4985 5024 5046 5059 5159 5164 5245 5268 5286 5388 5415 5448 5482 5587 5624 5676 5694 5776 5815 5829 5931 5950 5974 5978 5982-5983 5997 6047 6054 6090 6103 6117 6120 6125-6126 6141 6166 6185 6201 6203 6224 6241 6251 6334 6361 6381 6493 6662 6715 6761 6780-6781 6825 6830-6831 6852 6882 6905 6930 6933 7006 7039-7040 7094 7101 7103 7113 7124 7162 7177 7262 7314 7320 7435 7466 7468 7487 7527-7528 7536 7542 7545 7583 7595 7609 7744 7747 7760 7771 7784 7808 7876 7886 7896 7958 7960 7966 7981 8000 8007 8025 8056 8080 8101 8144-8145 8185-8186 8509 8671 8704 8830 8990 9012 9078 9093 9197 9213 9244 9311 9382 9441 9451 9589 9645 9697 9764 9774 9780 9784 9786 9813 9824 9838 9884 9913 9932 9939 9966 10023 10055 10256 10354 10495 10499 10522 10644 10695-10696 10737 10784 10817 10871 10886 10980 10992 11136 11170 11185 11227 11239 11247 11254 11292 11297 11352 11383 11424 11436 11457 11473 11479 11487 11517 11519 11685 11780 11792 11795 11825 11873-11874 11894 11896 11907 11923 11927 11958 11964 11987 12001 12009 12021 12030 12037 12082-12083 12155 12179 12186-12187 12210 12213 12230 12258 12526 12770 12953 13142 13158 13259 13282 13290 13332 13414 13643 13734 13750 13757 13801 13882 13887 13895 13975 14109 14178 14302 14396 14494 14514 14516 14523 14567 14729 14758 14928 15106 15110 15153 15160 15213 15227 15490 15507 15527 15696 15698 15719 15747 15857 15969 15986 16135 16197 16263 16323 16554 16704 16833 17000 17159 17183 17283 17286 17299 17479 17568 17656 18204 18236 18276 18416 18426 18588 18619 18659 18666 18730 18846 19144 19237 19286 19672 19879 19929 19973 20054 20139 20205 20261 20402 20494 20503 20513 20518 20529 20564 20617 20677 20722 20728 20774 20784 20809 20893 20916 21025-21026 21050 21073 21155 21185 21188 21423 21477 21491 21650 21738 21806 21829 22015 22518 22553 22680 22705 22900 23048 23216 23540 23753 23822 23843 23875 23901 23990 24114 24183 24228 24262 24333 24420 24576 24658 24703 24710 24715 24740 24799-24800 24804 24835 24838 24863 24897 24993 25092 25097 25176 25182 25769 25805 25862 26141 26320 26562 26688 26959 27078 27366 27457 27694 27710 27978 28014 28104 28107 28276 28436 28487 28539 28687 28692 28696 28705 28773 28776 28948 28959 28968 29001 29280 29552 29589 30064 30228 30681 30958 31686 31784 31842 31902 32023 32185 32291 32502 32575 32595 32725 32793 32796 32802 32834 32838 32870 32986 32994 33033 33044 33048 33103 33146 33201 33205 33228 33230 33233 33249 33282 33338 33341 33371 33382 33547 33625 33655 33753 33800 33856 33874 33886 33995 34001 34021 34029 34051 34081 34103 34132 34158 34169 34232 34278 34284 34288 34317 34353 34375 34392 34400 34461 34510 34520 34616 34640 34664 34666 34730 34777 34867 35251 35254 35287 35344 35382 35469 35480 35532 35597 35639 35690 36001 36168 36232 36317 36451-36452 36498 36579 36679 36714 36759 36892 36910 36922 36928 36973 36980 37020 37057 37067 37084 37087 37139 37203 37208 37248 37260 37266 37278 37294 37307 37335 37398 37420 37427-37428 37467 37488-37489 37507 37522 37645 37648 37703 37760 37764 37778 37828 37912 37930 37934 38010 38050 38063 38081 38095 38158 38170 38333 38355 38449 38484 38486 38490 38494 38527 38532 38537 38561 38566 38579 38584 38586 38605 38623 38630 38633 38651 38718 38779 38848 38948 38973 38981 39022 39033 39047 39049 39068 39090 39111 39136 39140 39169 39200 39215 39283 39297 39340 39344 39370 39383 39386 39397 39399-39400 39411 39500 39504 39538 39561 39605 39611 39615 39648 39675 39681 39685 39700 39839 39861 39872 39880 39978 39983 39994 40048 40062 40076 40090 40095 40140 40146 40228 40239 40255 40307 40324 40336 40355 40476 40588 40671 40690 40706 40777 40795 40805 40827 40994-40996 41005 41022 41068 41110 41117-41118 41130 41146-41147 41156 41193 41258 41270 41295 41314 41316 41381 41499 41503 41510 41520 41523 41554 41594 41602 41611 41669 41734 41765 41775 41787 41839 41887 41895 41899 41905 41944 41986 42100 42172 42254 42361 42383 42473 42687 42727 42750 42766 42779 42818 42907 42921 42940 42942 43023 43032 43074 43125 43156 43178 43215 43248 43275 43290 43310 43363 43386 43424 43430 43442 43494 43540 43602 43621 43686 43763 43778 43782 43840 43842 43889 43922 44015 44075 44133 44191 44248 44258 44333 44347 44372 44549 44553-44554 44560 44859 45080 45125 45171 45217 45307 45530 45576 45613 45661 45668 45752 45856 46123 46176 46337 46492 46528 46582 46903 46914 47140 47263 47307 47354 47423 47514 47586 47640 47715 47728 47756 47952 47991 48023 48051 48262 48455 48516 48519 48572 48576 49109https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/633/A34?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/633/A34/table1Properties of giant field stars in our samplee_MassError on Mass at -1{sigma}solMassstat.error;phys.massfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHDHD numbermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_TeffError on effective temperatureKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintBCVBolometric correctionphot.mag.bcfloat[Fe/H]Abundance [Fe/H]phys.abund.FefloatALiLithium abundance A(Li)phys.abundfloatflagLi[-1/0] Flag Lithium (1)meta.code.errorintPlxvl07Parallax from van Leeuwen+2007 (Cat. I/311)maspos.parallax.trigfloate_Plxvl07Error on Plxvl07masstat.errorfloatlogLvl07hipLog(L/Lsun) computed using parallaxe from van Leeuwen+2007 (Cat. I/311) and V magnitude from Hipparcos97 (Cat. I/239)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_logLvl07hipError of L_vl07_hipp97log(solLum)stat.errorfloatPlxGaiaDR2? Parallax from Gaia DR2 (Cat. I/347)maspos.parallax.trigdoublenullablee_PlxGaiaDR2? Error on cf2 Plx_gaiaDR2cf2masstat.errordoublenullablelogLadoptAdopted luminosity, Log(L/Lsun)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_logLadoptError of logLadoptlog(solLum)stat.errorfloatf_logLadopt[0/3] Flag on the method to compute logLadopt (2)meta.codeintMassMasssolMassphys.massfloatE_MassError on Mass at +1{sigma}solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/633/A34/table2aProperties of giant fields stars observed by Luck & Hier (2007, Cat. J/AJ/133/2464)HDHD numbermeta.id;meta.mainintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintPlxGaiaDR2Parallax from Gaia DR2 (Cat. I/347)maspos.parallax.trigdoublee_PlxGaiaDR2Error on PlxGaiaDR2masstat.errordoublelogLLuminosity, Log(L/Lsun)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_logLError of logLlog(solLum)stat.errorfloatMassMasssolMassphys.massfloate_MassError on Mass at -1{sigma}solMassstat.error;phys.massfloatE_MassError on Mass at +1{sigma}solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/633/A34/table2bProperties of giant fields stars observed by Liu et al. (2014, Cat. J/ApJ/785/94)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHDHD numbermeta.id;meta.mainintTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintPlxGaiaDR2Parallax from Gaia DR2 (Cat. I/347)maspos.parallax.trigdoublee_PlxGaiaDR2Error on PlxGaiaDR2masstat.errordoublelogLLuminosity, Log(L/Lsun)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_logLError of logLlog(solLum)stat.errorfloatMassMasssolMassphys.massfloate_MassError on Mass at -1{sigma}solMassstat.error;phys.massfloatE_MassError on Mass at +1{sigma}solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/633/A34/table2cProperties of giant fields stars observed by GALAH DR2 survey (Buder et al., 2018MNRAS.478.4513B)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Gaia id in DR2 (source_id)meta.id;meta.mainTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintPlxGaiaDR2Parallax from Gaia DR2 (Cat. I/347)maspos.parallax.trigdoublee_PlxGaiaDR2Error on Plx_gaiaDR2masstat.errordoublelogLLuminosity, Log(L/Lsun)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_logLError of logLlog(solLum)stat.errorfloatMassMasssolMassphys.massfloate_MassError on Mass at -1{sigma}solMassstat.error;phys.massfloatE_MassError on Mass at +1{sigma}solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloatJ/A+A/633/A34/table3Properties of Li-rich giant fields stars in our samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHDHD numbermeta.id;meta.mainintTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_TeffError on effective temperatureKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintlogLadoptAdopted luminosity, Log(L/Lsun)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_logLadoptError of logLadoptlog(solLum)stat.errorfloatFeHAbundance [Fe/H]phys.abund.FefloatALiLithium abundance A(Li)phys.abundfloatMassMasssolMassphys.massfloate_MassError on Mass at -1{sigma}solMassstat.error;phys.massfloatE_MassError on Mass at +1{sigma}solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloatJ/A+A/633/A34/table4aProperties of Li-rich giant fields stars observed by Luck & Hier (2007, Cat. J/AJ/133/2464)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHDHD numbermeta.id;meta.mainintTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintlogLadoptLog(L/Lsun)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_logLadoptError of Ladoptlog(solLum)stat.errorfloat[Fe/H]Abundance [Fe/H]phys.abund.FefloatALiLithium abundance A(Li)phys.abundfloatMassMasssolMassphys.massfloate_MassError on Mass at -1{sigma}solMassstat.error;phys.massfloatE_MassError on Mass at +1{sigma}solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloatJ/A+A/633/A34/table4bProperties of Li-rich giant fields stars observed by Liu et al. (2014, Cat. J/ApJ/785/94)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHDHD numbermeta.id;meta.mainintTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintlogLadoptLog(L/Lsun)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_logLadoptError of Ladoptlog(solLum)stat.errorfloat[Fe/H]Abundance [Fe/H]phys.abund.FefloatALiLithium abundance A(Li)phys.abundfloatMassMasssolMassphys.massfloate_MassError on Mass at -1{sigma}solMassstat.error;phys.massfloatE_MassError on Mass at +1{sigma}solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloat