J/A+A/632/A69ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/632/A69doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36320069CDSYan F.Casasayas-Barris N.Molaverdikhani K.Alonso-Floriano F.J.,Reiners A.Palle E.Henning T.Molliere P.Chen G.Nortmann L.,Snellen I.A.G.Ribas I.Quirrenbach A.Caballero J.A.Amado P.J.,Azzaro M.Bauer F.F.Cortes Contreras M.Czesla S.Khalafinejad S.,Lara L.M.Lopez-Puertas M.Montes D.Nagel E.Oshagh M.,Sanchez-Lopez A.Stangret M.Zechmeister M.2020-04-08T09:29:18Z2019-12-05T14:08:04ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsexoplanetsspectroscopyUltra-hot Jupiters are emerging as a new class of exoplanets. Studying their chemical compositions and temperature structures will improve the understanding of their mass loss rate as well as their formation and evolution. We present the detection of ionized calcium in the two hottest giant exoplanets - KELT-9b and WASP-33b. By utilizing transit datasets from CARMENES and HARPS-N observations, we achieved high confidence level detections of CaII using the cross-correlation method. We further obtain the transmission spectra around the individual lines of the CaII H&K doublet and the near-infrared triplet, and measure their line profiles. The CaII H&K lines have an average line depth of 2.02+/-0.17% (effective radius of 1.56Rp) for WASP-33b and an average line depth of 0.78+/-0.04% (effective radius of 1.47Rp) for KELT-9b, which indicates that the absorptions are from very high upper atmosphere layers close to the planetary Roche lobes. The observed CaII lines are significantly deeper than the predicted values from the hydrostatic models. Such a discrepancy is probably a result of hydrodynamic outflow that transports a significant amount of CaII into the upper atmosphere. The prominent CaII detection with the lack of significant CaI detection implies that calcium is mostly ionized in the upper atmospheres of the two planets.2019A&A...632A..69Yhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/632/A69CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/A+A/526/L10 : Transits of WASP-33 (Herrero+, 2011)J/AcA/68/371 : WASP and KELT planet transits (Maciejewski+, 2018)J/A+A/627/A165 : KELT-9b atmos. model transmission spectra (Hoeijmakers+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/632/A69https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/632/A69http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/632/A69https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/632/A69https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/632/A69http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/632/A69GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/A+A/632/A69/f7k9hkKELT-9b CaII H&K lines transmission spectrum from HARPS-N observationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambdaWavelength0.1nmem.wldoubleFluxRelative fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoubleJ/A+A/632/A69/f8w33hkWASP-33b CaII H&K lines transmission spectrum from HARPS-N observationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintVelVelocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocdoubleFluxRelative fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoubleJ/A+A/632/A69/f8w33irtWASP-33b CaII infra-red triplet lines transmission spectrum from CARMENES observationFluxRelative fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintVelVelocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocdoubleJ/A+A/632/A69/f8k9hkKELT-9b CaII H&K lines transmission spectrum from HARPS-N observationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintVelVelocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocdoubleFluxRelative fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoubleJ/A+A/632/A69/f8k9irtKELT-9b CaII infra-red triplet lines transmission spectrum from CARMENES observationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintVelVelocitykm/sspect.dopplerVelocdoubleFluxRelative fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoubleJ/A+A/632/A69/f6w33hkWASP-33b CaII H&K lines transmission spectrum from HARPS-N observationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambdaWavelength0.1nmem.wldoubleFluxRelative fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoubleJ/A+A/632/A69/f6w33irtWASP-33b CaII infra-red triplet lines transmission spectrum from CARMENES observationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambdaWavelength0.1nmem.wldoubleFluxRelative fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoubleJ/A+A/632/A69/f7k9irtKELT-9b CaII infra-red triplet lines transmission spectrum from CARMENES observationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambdaWavelength0.1nmem.wldoubleFluxRelative fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodouble