J/A+A/631/A94ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/631/A94doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36310094CDSDiaz-Garcia S.Salo H.Knapen J.H.Herrera-Endoqui M.2019-10-28T08:34:23Z2019-10-28T09:32:07ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesinfrared-sourcesphotometrygalaxy-rotationcatalogsSpiral galaxies are very common in the local Universe, but their formation, evolution, and interplay with bars remain poorly understood after more than a century of astronomical research on the topic. We use a sample of 391 nearby galaxies from the S4G survey to characterise the winding angle and amplitude of spiral arms as a function of disc properties, such as bar strength, in all kinds of spirals (grand-design, multi-armed, and flocculent). We derived global pitch angles in 3.6um de-projected images from i) average measurements of individual logarithmic spiral segments, and ii) for a subsample of 32 galaxies, from 2-D Fourier analyses. The strength of spirals was quantified from the tangential-to-radial force ratio and from the normalised m=2 Fourier density amplitudes. In galaxies with more than one measured logarithmic segment, the spiral pitch angle varies on average by ~10{deg} between segments, but by up to >=15-20{deg}. The distribution of the global pitch angle versus Hubble type (T) is very similar for barred and non-barred galaxies when 1<=T<=5. Most spiral galaxies (>90%) are barred for T>5. The pitch angle is not correlated with bar strength, and only weakly with spiral strength. The amplitude of spirals is correlated with bar strength (and less tightly, with bar length) for all types of spirals. The mean pitch angle is hardly correlated with the mass of the supermassive black hole (estimated from central stellar velocity dispersion), with central stellar mass concentration, or with shear, questioning previous results in the literature using smaller samples. We do not find observational evidence that spiral arms are driven by stellar bars or by invariant manifolds. Most likely, discs that are prone to the development of strong bars are also reactive to the formation of prominent spirals, explaining the observed coupling between bar and spiral amplitudes.2019A&A...631A..94Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/631/A94CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/PASP/122/1397 : Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (Sheth+ 2010)J/A+A/582/A86 : Catalogue of features in the S4G (Herrera-Endoqui+, 2015)J/ApJS/217/32 : S4G galaxy morphologies in the CVRHS system (Buta+, 2015)J/ApJS/219/4 : S4G pipeline 4: multi-component decompositions (Salo+, 2015)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/631/A94https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/631/A94http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/631/A94https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/631/A94https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/631/A94http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/631/A94GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/631/A94/tablea1 (Average pitch angles and spiral amplitudes)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/631/A94/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/631/A94/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/631/A94/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true359.115-81.56638890.0055555555555555566/611 664 690 697 4178 4359 4405 4439 4446 4471 4511 4891 5006 5142 5190 5200 5202 5244 5332 5342 5463 5492 5545 5579 5581 5589 5591 5596 5610 5629 5631 5634 5639 5715 5796 5818 5890 5903 5966 5975 5978 5982 6003 6010 6034 6063 6090 6095 6448 6605 7177 7231 7234 7360 7386 7393 7440 7498 7606 7653 7659 7668 7704 7708 7966 7986 7988 8001 8011 8045 8089 8225 8256 8287 8359 8458 8506 8640 8729 9277 9437 9535 9874 10240 10280 10328 10456 10475 10490 10589 10637-10638 10661 10739 10841 10878 10912 10927 11027 11097 11207 11246-11247 11253 11306 11323 11379 11387 11389 11392 11394 11434 11761 11772 11789 11800-11801 11832 11914 11944 11947 12015 12025 12047 12095 12185 16441 16749 16886 17007 17245 17281 17286 17688 17753 17776 17780 17905 17925 18011 18379 18384 18398 18507 18639 18677 19491 19576 19611 20008 20014 20226 20270 22751 24735 24777 24896 24902 24916 24949 25046-25047 25053 25078-25079 25087 25104 25127 25135 25144 25205 25303 25356 25438-25439 25460 25599 25613 25640 25645 25653 25696 25705 25715 25762 25768 25770 25779 25784 25788 25888-25890 25960 25997 26068 26090 26119 26128 26175 26214 26217 26271 26303 26317 26331 26344 26388 26472 26537 26677 26724 27030 27285 27347 27406 27458 27504 27567 27575 27603 27606 27650 27653 27712 27716 27720 27724 27728 27731 27736 27741 27761 27763 27767 27770 27789 27828 27841 27857 27860-27861 27863 27871 27907 27918 27942 27945 27948 27955 28023 28035 28054 28056 28067 28077 28162 28167 28201 28208 28234 28258 28294 28299 28304 28363 28374 28381 28404 28435 28468 28495-28496 28521 28529 28579 28666 31345 31352 31365 31376 31469 31628 31632 32426 32487 32793 32983 33228 33337 33650 33654 33835 33958 34272 34328 34334 34531 34545 34687 34910 35193 35287 35536 35691 35827 36049 36081 36134 36151 36229 36240 36258 36261 36266 36287 36450 36621 36677 36684 36734 36785 36789 36793 36857 40436 40789 40791 43881 43911 43948 43954-43955 43977 44006 44011 44027 44461 44582 44638 44718 44741 44817 44866 44896 44900 45050 45109 45112 45125 45296 45406 45558 45809 46170 46304 46398 46429 46438 46479 46491 46519 46525 46549 46676 46696 46736 46738 46775 47009 47030 47077 47084 47098 47474 48292 48406 48605https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/631/A94?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/631/A94/tablea1Average pitch angles and spiral amplitudesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGalaxyGalaxy identification (Galaxy)meta.id;meta.maincharType[GMF] Spiral types according to Buta et al. (2015, Cat J/ApJS/217/32) (Type) (1)src.morph.typecharFlag[1/2] Quality flag for the spiral fit from Herrera-Endoqui et al. (2015, Cat. J/A+A/582/A86) (Flag) (2)meta.code.errorintNNumber of logarithmic segments fitted by Herrera-Endoqui et al. (2015, Cat. J/A+A/582/A86) (N)meta.numberintPmeanMean pitch angle (P_mean)degsrc.morph.paramfloate_Pmean? Standard deviation of the mean pitch angle (Err_P_mean)degstat.errordoublenullables_Pmean? Standard deviation of the pitch angle (SD_P)degstat.stdev;pos.posAngdoublenullablePmedianMedian pitch angle (P_median)degsrc.morph.paramfloatPinnerMean pitch angle of innermost spiral segments (P_inner)degsrc.morph.paramfloate_Pinner? Standard deviation of the mean of inner pitch angle (Err_P_inner)degstat.errordoublenullablePweightedMean pitch angle weighted by the arc length of the logarithmic segments (P_weighted)degsrc.morph.paramfloats_Pweighted? Weighted standard deviation of the pitch angle (SD_P_weighted)degstat.stdev;pos.posAngdoublenullableQTspiral? Mean gravitational torque (QT=FT/<FR>) of the spiral arms (QT_spiral)src.morph.paramdoublenullablee_QTspiral? Uncertainty on mean spiral torque associated with the disc thickness determination (Err_QT_spiral)stat.errordoublenullables_QTspiral? Internal dispersion of spiral torque associated to the different segments (SD_QT_spiral)meta.id.assoc;instr.dispersiondoublenullableQTspiralhalo? Mean gravitational torque of the spiral arms corrected for the dark matter halo dilution (QT_spiral_halo)src.morph.paramdoublenullables_QTspiralhalo? Internal dispersion of the halo-corrected spiral torque associated to the different segments (SD_QT_spiral_halo)meta.id.assoc;instr.dispersiondoublenullableA2spiralMean m=2 Fourier amplitude of the spiral arms (A2_spiral)src.morph.paramdoubles_A2spiral? Internal dispersion of the maximum of A2 associated to the segments (SD_A2_spiral)instr.dispersion;stat.maxdoublenullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main