J/A+A/627/A82ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/627/A82doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36270082CDSGaulme P.Schmider F.-X.Widemann T.Goncalves I.Lopez Ariste A.,Gelly B.2019-07-26T13:30:19Z2019-07-03T08:18:01ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsolar-systemsolar-system-planetsphotometryMeasuring Venus' atmospheric circulation at different altitudes is important for understanding its complex dynamics, in particular the mechanisms driving the super-rotation. Observationally, Doppler imaging spectroscopy is in principle be the most reliable way to measure wind speeds of planetary atmospheres because it directly provides the projected speed of atmospheric particles. However, high-resolution imaging-spectroscopy is challenging, especially in the visible domain, and most of the knowledge about atmospheric dynamics has been obtained with cloud-tracking technique. The objective of the present work is to measure the global properties of Venus' atmospheric dynamics at the altitude of the uppermost clouds, which is probed by reflected solar lines in the visible domain. Our results are based on high-resolution spectroscopic observations with the long slit spectrometer of the solar telescope THEMIS. We present the first instantaneous "radial-velocity snapshot" of any planet of the solar system in the visible domain, i.e., a complete RV map of the planet obtained by stacking data on less than 10% of its rotation period. From this, we measure the properties of the zonal and meridional winds, which we unambiguously detect. We identify a wind circulation pattern that significantly differs from previous knowledge about Venus. The zonal wind displays a "hot spot" structure, featuring about 200m/s at sunrise and 70m/s at noon in the equatorial region. Regarding meridional winds, we detect an equator-to-pole meridional flow peaking at 45m/s at mid latitudes, i.e., which is about twice as large as what was reported so far.2019A&A...627A..82Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/627/A82CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/627/A82https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/627/A82http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/627/A82https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/627/A82https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/627/A82http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/627/A82GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/A+A/627/A82/tablea2*Photometric map of Venus from data taken on September 16th, 2009recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. 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Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintP1Point 1 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP2Point 2 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP3Point 3 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP4Point 4 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP5Point 5 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP6Point 6 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP7Point 7 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP8Point 8 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP9Point 9 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP10Point 10 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP11Point 11 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP12Point 12 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP13Point 13 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP14Point 14 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP15Point 15 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP16Point 16 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP17Point 17 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP18Point 18 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP19Point 19 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP20Point 20 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatV1Point 1 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV2Point 2 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV3Point 3 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV4Point 4 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV5Point 5 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV6Point 6 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV8Point 8 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV9Point 9 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV10Point 10 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV11Point 11 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV12Point 12 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV13Point 13 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV14Point 14 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV15Point 15 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV16Point 16 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV17Point 17 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV18Point 18 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV19Point 19 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV20Point 20 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloate_V1Point 1 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V2Point 2 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V3Point 3 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V4Point 4 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V5Point 5 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V6Point 6 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V7Point 7 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V8Point 8 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V9Point 9 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V10Point 10 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V11Point 11 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V12Point 12 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V13Point 13 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V14Point 14 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V15Point 15 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V16Point 16 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V17Point 17 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V18Point 18 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V19Point 19 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V20Point 20 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/627/A82/tablea3*Photometric map of Venus from data taken on September 17th, 2009recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintP1Point 1 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP2Point 2 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP3Point 3 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP4Point 4 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP5Point 5 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP6Point 6 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP7Point 7 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP8Point 8 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP9Point 9 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP10Point 10 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP11Point 11 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP12Point 12 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP13Point 13 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP14Point 14 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP15Point 15 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP16Point 16 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP17Point 17 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP18Point 18 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP19Point 19 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatP20Point 20 photometric flux for the line (1)phot.flux.densityfloatV1Point 1 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV2Point 2 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV3Point 3 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV4Point 4 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV5Point 5 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV6Point 6 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV7Point 7 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV8Point 8 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV9Point 9 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV10Point 10 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV11Point 11 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV12Point 12 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV13Point 13 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV14Point 14 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV15Point 15 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV16Point 16 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV17Point 17 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV18Point 18 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV19Point 19 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloatV20Point 20 line-of-sight velocity for the linem/sphys.velocfloate_V1Point 1 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V2Point 2 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V3Point 3 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V4Point 4 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V5Point 5 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V6Point 6 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V7Point 7 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V8Point 8 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V9Point 9 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V10Point 10 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V11Point 11 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V12Point 12 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V13Point 13 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V14Point 14 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V15Point 15 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V16Point 16 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V17Point 17 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V18Point 18 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V19Point 19 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloate_V20Point 20 line-of-sight velocity error for the linem/sstat.errorfloat