J/A+A/626/A92ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/626/A92doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36260092CDSGladkowski M.Szczerba R.Sloan G. C.Lagadec E.Volk K.2019-07-01T06:34:17Z2019-06-19T08:03:30ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frcarbon-starss-starsplanetary-nebulaeinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyinfrared-sourcesmagellanic-cloudsmilky-way-galaxygalaxiesWe present an analysis and comparison of the 30{mu}m dust features seen in the Spitzer Space Telescope spectra of 207 carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, post-AGB objects, and planetary nebulae (PNe) located in the Milky Way, the Magellanic Clouds (MCs), or the Sagittarius dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Sgr dSph), which are characterised by different average metallicities. We investigated whether the formation of the 30{mu}m feature carrier may be a function of the metallicity. Through this study we expect to better understand the late stages of stellar evolution of carbon-rich stars in these galaxies. Our analysis uses the "Manchester method" as a basis for estimating the temperature of dust for the carbon-rich AGB stars and the PNe in our sample. For post-AGB objects we changed the wavelength ranges used for temperature estimation, because of the presence of the 21{mu}m feature on the short wavelength edge of the 30{mu}m feature. We used a black-body function with a single temperature deduced from the Manchester method or its modification to approximate the continuum under the 30{mu}m feature. We find that the strength of the 30{mu}m feature increases until dust temperature drops below 400K. Below this temperature, the large loss of mass and probably the self-absorption effect reduces the strength of the feature. During the post-AGB phase, when the intense mass-loss has terminated, the optical depth of the circumstellar envelope is smaller, and the 30{um}m feature becomes visible again, showing variety of values for post-AGB objects and PNe, and being comparable with the strengths of AGB stars. In addition, the AGB stars and post-AGB objects show similar values of central wavelengths - usually between 28.5 and 29.5{mu}m. However, in case of PNe the shift of the central wavelength towards longer wavelengths is visible. The normalised median profiles for AGB stars look uniformly for various ranges of dust temperature, and different galaxies. We analysed the profiles of post-AGB objects and PNe only within one dust temperature range (below 200K), and they were also similar in different galaxies. In the spectra of 17 PNe and five post-AGB objects we found the broad 16-24{mu}m feature. Two objects among the PNe group are the new detections: SMP LMC 51, and SMP LMC 79, whereas in the case of post-AGBs the new detections are: IRAS 05370-7019, IRAS 05537-7015, and IRAS 21546+4721. In addition, in the spectra of nine PNe we found the new detections of 16-18{mu}m feature. We also find that the Galactic post-AGB object IRAS 11339-6004 has a 21{mu}m emission. Finally, we have produced online catalogues of photometric data and Spitzer IRS spectra for all objects that show the 30{mu}m feature. These resources are available online for use by the community. The most important conclusion of our work is the fact that the formation of the 30{mu}m feature is affected by metallicity. Specifically that, as opposed to more metal-poor samples of AGB stars in the MCs, the feature is seen at lower mass-loss rates, higher temperatures, and has seen to be more prominent in Galactic carbon stars. The averaged feature (profile) in the AGB, post-AGB objects, and PNe seems unaffected by metallicity at least between a fifth and solar metallicity, but in the case of PNe it is shifted to significantly longer wavelengths.2019A&A...626A..92Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/626/A92CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/826/44 : Spitzer/IRS obs. of Magellanic carbon stars (Sloan+, 2016)J/A+A/609/A114 : Local Group AGB st. and red supergiants (Groenewegen+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/626/A92https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/626/A92http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/626/A92https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/626/A92https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/626/A92http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/626/A92GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/626/A92/tabled14 (SMC the 30-micron sources (table D1) and spectroscopic results (table D4))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/626/A92/tabled14?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/626/A92/tabled14?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/626/A92/tabled14?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true5.994-73.6340.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/626/A92/tabled25 (LMC the 30-micron sources (table D2) and spectroscopic results (table D5))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/626/A92/tabled25?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/626/A92/tabled25?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/626/A92/tabled25?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true67.126-69.5140.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/626/A92/tabled36 (Milky Way the 30-micron sources (table D3) and spectroscopic results (table D6))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/626/A92/tabled36?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/626/A92/tabled36?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/626/A92/tabled36?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.60968.9920.0055555555555555565/8263 8272 8274 8281 6/1229 3759 4018 4130 6257 12971 13036 13917 14040 14236 14323 14357 14362-14363 15030 15437 15481 15624 15718 20816 20826 22069 22392 23133 23695 24079 24361 29206 29286 30283 30428 30942 32083 33031 33043 33046-33048 33051 33062 33072 33075-33076 33078-33082 33084-33085 33087 33092-33094 33100-33102 33105 33110 33112-33114 33117 33120-33122 33133 33293-33295 33299 33304 33313 33316-33317 33319 33328 33336 36910 37212 37322 37348-37349 37419 37506 37544 37661 37903 37913 39029 39198 39398 39771 41466-41467 41566 41829 41832 41967 42152 42233 42312 43130 43140 47865 48006https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/626/A92?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/626/A92/tabled14SMC the 30-micron sources (table D1) and spectroscopic results (table D4)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameNamemeta.id;meta.maincharn_Name[*] Note on Name (G1)meta.notecharONameOther namemeta.idcharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainRefPosition reference (IRAC)meta.ref;poscharClassClassification of the object (2)meta.code.class;src.classcharl_Per[~] Limit flag on Permeta.code.errorcharPer? Period or lower value of Period intervaldtime.periodintnullablePer2? Upper value of period intervaldtime.period;stat.maxintnullabler_Per? Reference for Per (3)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullablePIDProgram identifier or 2-nd Program identifier in tabled3.datmeta.id;obsintAORSpitzer Astronomical Observation Request or 2-nd Spitzer Astronomical Obs. Request in tabled3.datmeta.id;obsintColour1? The ([5.8]-[9.3]) colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Colour1? Uncertainty in Colour1magstat.errorfloatnullableColour2? The ([6.4]-[9.3]) colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Colour2? Uncertainty in Colour2magstat.errorfloatnullableColour3? The ([16.5]-[21.5]) col. indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Colour3? Uncertainty in Colour3magstat.errorfloatnullableColour4? The ([18.4]-[22.45]) colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Colour4? Uncertainty in Colour4magstat.errorfloatnullableColour5? The ([18.4]-[22.75]) colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Colour5? Uncertainty in Colour5magstat.errorfloatnullableColour6? The ([17.95]-[23.2]) colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Colour6? Uncertainty in Colour6magstat.errorfloatnullableTd? The dust temperatureKphys.temperatureintnullablee_Td? Uncertainty in TdKstat.errorintnullableLc? Central wav. of 30um featureumem.wl.centralfloatnullablee_Lc? Uncertainty in Lcumstat.errorfloatnullableF/Cont? Strength of the 30um featurephot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_F/Cont? Uncertainty in F/Contstat.errorfloatnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharJ/A+A/626/A92/tabled25LMC the 30-micron sources (table D2) and spectroscopic results (table D5)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameNamemeta.id;meta.maincharn_Name[*] Note on Name (G1)meta.notecharONameOther namemeta.idcharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainRefPosition reference (IRAC)meta.ref;poscharClassClassification of the object (2)meta.code.class;src.classcharl_Per[~] Limit flag on Permeta.code.errorcharPer? Period or lower value of Period intervaldtime.periodintnullablePer2? Upper value of period intervaldtime.period;stat.maxintnullabler_Per? Reference for Per (3)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullablePIDProgram identifier or 2-nd Program identifier in tabled3.datmeta.id;obsintAORSpitzer Astronomical Observation Request or 2-nd Spitzer Astronomical Obs. Request in tabled3.datmeta.id;obsintColour1? The ([5.8]-[9.3]) colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Colour1? Uncertainty in Colour1magstat.errorfloatnullableColour2? The ([6.4]-[9.3]) colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Colour2? Uncertainty in Colour2magstat.errorfloatnullableColour3? The ([16.5]-[21.5]) col. indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Colour3? Uncertainty in Colour3magstat.errorfloatnullableColour4? The ([18.4]-[22.45]) colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Colour4? Uncertainty in Colour4magstat.errorfloatnullableColour5? The ([18.4]-[22.75]) colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Colour5? Uncertainty in Colour5magstat.errorfloatnullableColour6? The ([17.95]-[23.2]) colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Colour6? Uncertainty in Colour6magstat.errorfloatnullableTd? The dust temperatureKphys.temperatureintnullablee_Td? Uncertainty in TdKstat.errorintnullableLc? Central wav. of 30um featureumem.wl.centralfloatnullablee_Lc? Uncertainty in Lcumstat.errorfloatnullableF/Cont? Strength of the 30um featurephot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_F/Cont? Uncertainty in F/Contstat.errorfloatnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharJ/A+A/626/A92/tabled36Milky Way the 30-micron sources (table D3) and spectroscopic results (table D6)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintn_Name[*] Note on Name (G1)meta.notecharONameOther namemeta.idcharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainRefPosition reference (IRAC)meta.ref;poscharClassClassification of the object (2)meta.code.class;src.classcharl_Per[~] Limit flag on Permeta.code.errorcharPer? Period or lower value of Period intervaldtime.periodintnullablePer2? Upper value of period intervaldtime.period;stat.maxintnullabler_Per? Reference for Per (3)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullablePID1? The 1-st Program identifier (only in tabled3.dat)meta.id;obsintnullablePIDProgram identifier or 2-nd Program identifier in tabled3.datmeta.id;obsintAOR1? The 1-st Spitzer Astronomical Obs. Request (only in tabled3.dat)meta.id;obsintnullableAORSpitzer Astronomical Observation Request or 2-nd Spitzer Astronomical Obs. Request in tabled3.datmeta.id;obsintColour1? The ([5.8]-[9.3]) colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Colour1? Uncertainty in Colour1magstat.errorfloatnullableColour2? The ([6.4]-[9.3]) colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Colour2? Uncertainty in Colour2magstat.errorfloatnullableColour3? The ([16.5]-[21.5]) col. indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Colour3? Uncertainty in Colour3magstat.errorfloatnullableColour4? The ([18.4]-[22.45]) colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Colour4? Uncertainty in Colour4magstat.errorfloatnullableColour5? The ([18.4]-[22.75]) colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Colour5? Uncertainty in Colour5magstat.errorfloatnullableColour6? The ([17.95]-[23.2]) colour indexmagphot.color;em.IR;em.IRfloatnullablee_Colour6? Uncertainty in Colour6magstat.errorfloatnullableTd? The dust temperatureKphys.temperatureintnullablee_Td? Uncertainty in TdKstat.errorintnullableLc? Central wav. of 30um featureumem.wl.centralfloatnullablee_Lc? Uncertainty in Lcumstat.errorfloatnullableF/Cont? Strength of the 30um featurephot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_F/Cont? Uncertainty in F/Contstat.errorfloatnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharNameNamemeta.id;meta.mainchar