J/A+A/626/A60ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/626/A60doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36260060CDSAngelakis E.Fuhrmann L.Myserlis I.Zensus J.A.Nestoras I.,Karamanavis V.Marchili N.Krichbaum T.P.Kraus A.Rachen J.P.2019-08-05T12:49:14Z2019-06-19T08:57:22ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleibl-lacertae-objectsquasarsradio-galaxiesmarkarian-galaxiesradio-sourcesradio-continuum-emissionspectral-energy-distributionsurveysThe advent of the Fermi gamma-ray space telescope with its superb sensitivity, energy range, and unprecedented capability to monitor the entire 4{pi} sky within less than 2-3 h, introduced a new standard in time domain gamma-ray astronomy. Among several breakthroughs, Fermi has - for the first time - made it possible to investigate, with high cadence, the variability of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED), especially for active galactic nuclei (AGN). This is necessary for understanding the emission and variability mechanisms in such systems. To explore this new avenue of extragalactic physics the Fermi-GST AGN Multi-frequency Monitoring Alliance (F-GAMMA) programme undertook the task of conducting nearly monthly, broadband radio monitoring of selected blazars, which is the dominant population of the extragalactic gamma-ray sky, from January 2007 to January 2015. In this work we release all the multi-frequency light curves from 2.64 to 43 GHz and first order derivative data products after all necessary post-measurement corrections and quality checks. Along with the demanding task to provide the radio part of the broadband SED in monthly intervals, the F-GAMMA programme was also driven by a series of well-defined fundamental questions immediately relevant to blazar physics. On the basis of the monthly sampled radio SEDs, the F-GAMMA aimed at quantifying and understanding the possible multiband correlation and multi-frequency radio variability, spectral evolution and the associated emission, absorption and variability mechanisms. The location of the gamma-ray production site and the correspondence of structural evolution to radio variability have been among the fundamental aims of the programme. Finally, the programme sought to explore the characteristics and dynamics of the multi-frequency radio linear and circular polarisation. The F-GAMMA ran two main and tightly coordinated observing programmes. The Effelsberg 100 m telescope programme monitoring 2.64, 4.85, 8.35, 10.45, 14.6, 23.05, 32, and 43 GHz, and the IRAM 30 m telescope programme observing at 86.2, 142.3, and 228.9 GHz. The nominal cadence was one month for a total of roughly 60 blazars and targets of opportunity. In a less regular manner the F-GAMMA programme also ran an occasional monitoring with the APEX 12 m telescope at 345 GHz. We only present the Effelsberg dataset in this paper. The higher frequencies data are released elsewhere. The current release includes 155 sources that have been observed at least once by the F-GAMMA programme. That is, the initial sample, the revised sample after the first Fermi release, targets of opportunity, and sources observed in collaboration with a monitoring programme following up on Planck satellite observations. For all these sources we release all the quality-checked Effelsberg multi-frequency light curves. The suite of post-measurement corrections and flagging and a thorough system diagnostic study and error analysis is discussed as an assessment of the data reliability. We also release data products such as flux density moments and spectral indices. The effective cadence after the quality flagging is around one radio SED every 1.3 months. The coherence of each radio SED is around 40 min. The released dataset includes more than 3x104 measurements for some 155 sources over a broad range of frequencies from 2.64 GHz to 43 GHz obtained between 2007 and 2015. The median fractional error at the lowest frequencies (2.64-10.45 GHz) is below 2%. At the highest frequencies (14.6-43 GHz) with limiting factor of the atmospheric conditions, the errors range from 3% to 9%, respectively.2019A&A...626A..60Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/626/A60CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/626/A60https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/626/A60http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/626/A60https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/626/A60https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/626/A60http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/626/A60GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/626/A60/sources (List of studied sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/626/A60/sources?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/626/A60/sources?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/626/A60/sources?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.557917-6.3931390.0055555555555555566/50 124 398 579 911 1263 1521 1546 1701 1782 2245 2295 2331 2414 2836 3024 3096 3308 3431 3712 3886 4695 4770 4820 4882 5423 5767 5817 6104 6368 6507 6618 6777 7038 7346 7446 7548 7570 7896 7969 8299 8466 8858 9075 9442 9460 9612 9633 10163 10422 10432 10605 10681 10743 11045 11631 11639 11649 11715 12231 12475 12604 12619 13352 13485 13496 13664 13820 13927 13995 14338 14704 14744 14854 15286 15372 15969 16027 16059 16093 16298 16796 17184 17351 17364 17579 17751 17761 17857 17927 18035 18457 18624 18661 19101 19370 19398 19622 19831 20099 20172 20224 21121 21358 21373 21564 21768 21935 22252 22396 22501 22950 23099 23121 23323 23691 23835 23897 24084 24116 24123 24260 25302 25677 25818 25864 26131 26292 26340 27060 27124 27243 27245 27307 27423 27433 27466 27509 27765 28083 28479 28492 28517 28540 28624 28999 29072 29570 31399 31451 31663 31894 32311 36151 36785 40344 44908 47014 48123 48595 48610 49071 49135https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/626/A60?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/626/A60/table9Flux density moments and light curve parametersLCLight curvemeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSource identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharFreqObserved frequencyGHzem.freqfloato_SNumber of available flux density measurementsmeta.numberintSmeanMean flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.radiofloatSmedianMedian flux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.radiofloats_S? Flux density standard deviationJystat.stdev;phot.flux.densityfloatnullableb_SMinimum flux densityJyphot.flux.density;stat.minfloatB_SMaximum flux densityJyphot.flux.density;stat.maxfloatDt? Light curve spanyrtime.intervalfloatnullableRate? Mean span between consecutive measurementsdarith.rate;stat.meanintnullableM? Mean number of measurements in a yearyr**-1meta.numberfloatnullableJ/A+A/626/A60/table10Spectral indices in three sub-bandsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSource identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharb_alow? Minimum (softest) spectral index in the low sub-band (1)meta.notefloatnullableB_alow? Maximum (hardest) spectral index in the low sub-band (1)meta.notefloatnullablealowmed? Median spectra index in the low sub-band (1)spect.indexfloatnullable<alow>? Mean spectral index in the low sub-band (1)spect.indexfloatnullablee_alow? Median spectral uncertainty in the low sub-band (1)stat.errorfloatnullableo_salow? Number of measured SEDs in the low sub-band (1)meta.numberintnullableb_amid? Minimum (softest) spectral index in the middle sub-band (1)meta.notefloatnullableB_amid? Maximum (hardest) spectral index in the middle sub-band (1)meta.notefloatnullableamidmed? Median spectra index in the middle sub-band (1)spect.indexfloatnullable<amid>? Mean spectral index in the middle sub-band (1)spect.indexfloatnullablee_amid? Median spectral uncertainty in the middle sub-band (1)stat.errorfloatnullableo_samid? Number of measured SEDs in the middle sub-band (1)meta.numberintnullableb_ahig? Minimum (softest) spectral index in the high sub-band (1)meta.notefloatnullableB_ahig? Maximum (hardest) spectral index in the high sub-band (1)meta.notefloatnullableahigmed? Median spectra index in the high sub-band (1)spect.indexfloatnullable<ahig>? Mean spectral index in the high sub-band (1)spect.indexfloatnullablee_ahig? Median spectral uncertainty in the high sub-band (1)stat.errorfloatnullableo_sahig? Number of measured SEDs in the high sub-band (1)meta.numberintnullableJ/A+A/626/A60/table7Multi-frequency light curvesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSource identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharFreqObserved frequencyGHzem.freqfloatJDJulian datedtime.epochdoubleSFlux densityJyphot.flux.density;em.radiofloate_S1-sigma uncertainty on SJystat.errorfloatJ/A+A/626/A60/sourcesList of studied sourcesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSource identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharSurveyIDSurvey identifiermeta.idcharRAJ2000? Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullableDEJ2000? Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullable