J/A+A/626/A15ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/626/A15doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36260015CDSHill V.Skuladottir A.Tolstoy E.Venn K.A.Shetrone M.D.Jablonka P.,Primas F.Battaglia G.de Boer T.J.LFrancois P.Helmi A.Kaufer A.,Letarte B.Starkenburg E.Spite M.2021-02-03T13:56:07Z2019-06-05T06:50:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesgiant-starschemical-abundancesWe present detailed chemical abundances for 99 Red Giant Branch stars in the centre of the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal galaxy, which have been obtained from high-resolution VLT/FLAMES spectroscopy. The abundances of Li, Na, alpha-elements (O, Mg, Si, Ca Ti), iron-peak elements (Sc, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn), r- and s-process elements (Ba, La, Nd, Eu) were all derived using stellar atmosphere models and semi-automated analysis techniques. The iron abundances, covering the range -2.3<[Fe/H]<-0.9, populate the whole metallicity distribution of the galaxy with the exception of the very low metallicity tail. There is a marked decrease in [{alpha}/Fe] over our sample, from the Galactic halo plateau value at low [Fe/H] and then, after a 'knee', a decrease to sub-solar [alpha/Fe] at high [Fe/H]. This is consistent with products of core-collapse supernovae dominating at early times, followed by the onset of supernovae type Ia as early as ~12Gyr ago. The products from low-mass AGB stars, as traced by the s-process, also participate in the chemical evolution of Sculptor with a timescale comparable to that of supernovae type Ia. However, the r-process is consistent with having no time delay relative to core-collapse supernovae, at least at the later stages of the chemical evolution in Sculptor. Using the simple and well-behaved chemical evolution of Sculptor, we further derive empirical constraints on the relative importance of massive stars and supernovae type Ia to the nucleosynthesis of individual iron-peak and alpha-elements. The most important contribution of supernovae typeIa is to the iron-peak elements: Fe, Cr and Mn; but there is also a modest but non-negligible contribution to both the heavier alpha-elements: S, Ca and Ti, and some of the iron-peak elements: Sc and Co. We see only very small or no contribution to O, Mg, Ni and Zn from supernovae type Ia in Sculptor. The observed chemical abundances in Sculptor show no evidence of a significantly different initial mass function, compared to that of the Milky Way. With the exception of neutron-capture elements at low [Fe/H], the scatter around mean trends in Sculptor for [Fe/H]>-2.3 is extremely low, and compatible with observational errors. Combined with the small scatter in the age-elemental abundances relation, this calls for an efficient mixing of metals in the gas in the centre of Sculptor since ~12Gyr ago.2019A&A...626A..15Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/626/A15CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/574/A129 : The First CEMP star in the Sculptor dSph (Skuladottir+, 2015)J/A+A/580/A129 : Sulphur in the Sculptor dSph (Skuladottir+, 2015)J/A+A/606/A71 : dSph RGB abundance and velocities (Skuladottir+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/626/A15https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/626/A15http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/626/A15https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/626/A15https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/626/A15http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/626/A15GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/626/A15/tablec1 (Target stars, astrometry, magnitudes, velocities)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/626/A15/tablec1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/626/A15/tablec1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/626/A15/tablec1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true15.22575-33.67072220.0055555555555555566/35549 35720https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/626/A15?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/626/A15/tablec4Equivalent widths for 99 starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar IDmeta.id;meta.maincharXIonphys.atmol.ionStagecharlambdaWavelength0.1nmem.wlfloatEW? Equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_EW? Error on equivalent width0.1pmstat.error;spect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableFlag[*] Lines not used for abundance determinationmeta.code.errorcharJ/A+A/626/A15/tablec5Chemical abundancesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStarStar IDmeta.id;meta.mainchar[Fe/H]Fe abundancephys.abund.Fefloate_[Fe/H]Error on [Fe/H]stat.error;phys.abund.Fefloat[O/Fe]? O abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_[O/Fe]? Error on [O/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[Na/Fe]? Na abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_[Na/Fe]? Error on [Na/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[Mg/Fe]? Mg abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_[Mg/Fe]? Error on [Mg/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[Si/Fe]? Si abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_[Si/Fe]? Error on [Si/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[Ca/Fe]Ca abundancephys.abundfloate_[Ca/Fe]Error on [Ca/Fe]phys.abundfloat[Sc/Fe]? Sc abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_[Sc/Fe]? Error on [Sc/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[TiI/Fe]? TiI abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_[TiI/Fe]? Error on [TiI/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable[TiII/Fe]TiII abundancephys.abundfloate_[TiII/Fe]Error on [TiII/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloat[Cr/Fe]? Cr abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_[Cr/Fe]? Error on [Cr/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[FeII/Fe]FeII abundancephys.abundfloate_[FeII/Fe]Error on [FeII/Fe]stat.error;phys.abundfloat[Co/Fe]? Co abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_[Co/Fe]? Error on [Co/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[Ni/Fe]? Ni abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_[Ni/Fe]? Error on [Ni/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[Zn/Fe]? Zn abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_[Zn/Fe]? Error on [Zn/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[Ba/Fe]? Ba abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_[Ba/Fe]? Error on [Ba/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[La/Fe]? La abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_[La/Fe]? Error on [La/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[Nd/Fe]? Nd abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_[Nd/Fe]? Error on [Nd/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullable[Eu/Fe]? Eu abundancephys.abundfloatnullablee_[Eu/Fe]? Error on [Eu/Fe]phys.abundfloatnullableJ/A+A/626/A15/tablec1Target stars, astrometry, magnitudes, velocitiese_RV? Error on radial velocitykm/sstat.errorfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSampleSample starmeta.ref.urlcharStarStar IDmeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000, Epoch 1989.0)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000, Epoch 1989.0)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainVmagV magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatImagI magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatJmag? J magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableKmag? K magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableRV? Radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableS/N? Signal-to-noise ratiopixel**-1stat.snrintnullableGaiaIDGaia IDmeta.idpmRAProper motion along RAmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRAError on proper motion along RAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion along DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDEError on proper motion along DEmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatComComment (NM = not a Sculptor member)meta.notecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/626/A15/tablec2Line listXIonphys.atmol.ionStagecharRefReference (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambdaWavelength0.1nmem.wlfloatchiExcitation potentialeVphys.atmol.excitationfloatloggfOscillator strengthphys.atmol.oscStrengthfloatJ/A+A/626/A15/tablec3Stellar atmospheric parameters and agesloggpGravity from photometryphys.gravityfloatMbolBolometric magnitudemagphys.magAbs.bolfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAbundDisplay the abundancesmeta.ref.urlcharStarStar IDmeta.id;meta.maincharT(V-I)Effective temperature, from color (V-I)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintT(V-K)? Effective temperature, from color (V-K)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintnullableT(V-J)? Effective temperature, from color (V-J)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintnullableBC(V)Bolometric correction (V)magphot.mag.bcfloatTeffAdopted effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintloggAdopted gravity, log(g), from spectroscopyphys.gravityfloatvtMicroturbulence velocitykm/sphys.veloc.microTurbfloat[FeI/H]Iron abundance (FeI)phys.abund.Fefloat[FeII/H]Iron abundance (FeII)phys.abund.FefloatAgeminMinimum ageGyrtime.age;stat.minfloatAgemean? Mean ageGyrtime.age;stat.meanfloatnullablee_Agemean? Error on ageGyrstat.errorfloatnullable