J/A+A/623/A44ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/623/A44doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36230044CDSSchoefer P.Jeffers S.V.Reiners A.Shulyak D.Fuhrmeister B.,Johnson E.N.Zechmeister M.Ribas I.Quirrenbach A.Amado P.J.,Caballero J.A.Anglada-Escude G.Bauer F.F.Bejar V.J.S.,Cortes-Contreras M.Dreizler S.Guenther E.W.Kaminski A.Kurster M.,Lafarga M.Montes D.Morales J.C.Pedraz S.Tal-Or L.2021-01-22T13:35:32Z2019-03-05T07:40:58ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frm-starsdwarf-starsline-intensitiesThe Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical Echelle Spectrographs (CARMENES) survey is searching for Earth-like planets orbiting M dwarfs using the radial velocity method. Studying the stellar activity of the target stars is important to avoid false planet detections and to improve our understanding of the atmospheres of late-type stars. In this work we present measurements of activity indicators at visible and near-infrared wavelengths for 331 M dwarfs observed with CARMENES. Our aim is to identify the activity indicators that are most sensitive and easiest to measure, and the correlations among these indicators. We also wish to characterise their variability. Using a spectral subtraction technique, we measured pseudo-equivalent widths of the HeI D3, H-alpha, HeI 10833, and Pa-beta lines, the NaI D doublet, and the CaII infrared triplet, which have a chromospheric component in active M dwarfs. In addition, we measured an index of the strength of two TiO and two VO bands, which are formed in the photosphere. We also searched for periodicities in these activity indicators for all sample stars using generalised Lomb-Scargle periodograms. We find that the most slowly rotating stars of each spectral subtype have the strongest H-alpha absorption. H-alpha is correlated most strongly with HeI D3, whereas NaI D and the CaII infrared triplet are also correlated with H-alpha. HeI 10833 and Pa-beta show no clear correlations with the other indicators. The TiO bands show an activity effect that does not appear in the VO bands. We find that the relative variations of H-alpha and HeI D3 are smaller for stars with higher activity levels, while this anti-correlation is weaker for NaI D and the CaII infrared triplet, and is absent for HeI 10833 and Pa-beta. Periodic variation with the rotation period most commonly appears in the TiO bands, H-alpha, and in the CaII infrared triplet.2019A&A...623A..44Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/623/A44CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/612/A49 : 324 CARMENES M dwarfs velocities (Reiners+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/623/A44https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/623/A44http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/623/A44https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/623/A44https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/623/A44http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/623/A44GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/623/A44/tablea1 (Basic data and activity measurements of 331 stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/623/A44/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/623/A44/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/623/A44/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.3007545.78591670.0055555555555555566/22 131 250 497 546 624 725 778 811 1033 1062 1357 1628 1672 1822 1875 1938 2515 2545 2681 2737 2747 2922 3031 3266 3345 3374 3658 3682 3715 3791 4033 4145 4366 4444 4518 4595 4867 5000 5009 5041 5207 5241 5343 5420 5488 5534 5590 5849 6384 6552 6672 6676 6809 6894 6980 7003 7103 7181 7262 7264 7395 7428 7471 7510 7611 7775 7837 7921 7937 7940 7980 8010 8023 8123 8163 8208 8240 8281 8331 8394 8562 8627 8733 8843 8915 9188 9471 9529 9578 9597 10037 10149 10225 10278 10448 10464-10465 10694-10695 10901 10999 11044 11177 11255 11403 11671 11962 12140 12184 12191 12621 12732 12865 13085 13427 13451 13567 13688 13743 13875 13912 14277 14395 14515 14709 14781 14850 14858 14985 14993-14994 15052 15078 15346 15355 15431 15548 15598 15602 15635 15763 15792 15960 16041 16754 16758 17020 17271 17302 17348 17358 17412 17606 17870 18195 18440 18496 18553 18666 18726 18761 18789 18942 19050 19064 19131 19306 19352 19466 19516 19879 20023 20100 20109 20311 20459 20472 20795 20839 20896 21051 21151 21171 21427 21747-21748 21953 21969 22014 22222 22277 22289 22309 22626 22645 22708 22807 22904 22942 23014 23094 23363 23453 23564 23718 23731 23735 23743 23867 23910 23997 24213 24227 24231 24239 24977 24995 25009 25363 25388 25512 25528 25849 25989 26327 26487 26538 26560 26563 26583 26699 26706 26731 26757 26772 26821 26972 27201 27289 27320 27392 27419 27459 27462 27730 27734 27762 27787 27820 27912 28223 28341 28343 28548 28646 28955 29146 29170 29458 29684 30011 30429 30455 30490 30505 30613 30771 30833 30893 31011 31019 31191 31229 31642 31686 31767 31781 31803 31811 32033 32076 32093 32115 32329 32335 32392 32458 32491 32541 32753 36732 40250 40359 40386 40435-40436 40505 40513 40610 40623 40941 44378 44518 44541 44696 44728 44921 44936-44937 44967 48485 48500 48801 48906 48935 48958 49101https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/623/A44?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/623/A44/tablea1Basic data and activity measurements of 331 starsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharPCaIRTb-1Best-fit frequency in Ca IRT-b (P_CaIRTb_1)d**-1em.freqfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeqSequential number (Seq)meta.recordintIDID (JHHMMm+DDmA) (ID)meta.id;meta.maincharNameDiscovery or most common name (Name)meta.idcharGl/GJGliese or Gliese & Jahreiss star number (Gl/GJ)meta.idcharRA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5 (RAh) (1)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5 (DEd) (1)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpTypeSpectral subtype Mx. (SpType)src.spTypefloatRef1Reference for SpType (Ref1)meta.ref;pos.framecharPopStellar population (Pop) (2)em.freqcharl_vsiniLimit flag on vsini (l_vsini)meta.code.error;phys.veloc.rotatcharvsini? Rotational velocity (vsini) (3)km/sphys.veloc.rotatfloatnullablee_vsini? vsini error (e_vsini) (3)km/sstat.error;phys.veloc.rotatfloatnullableProt? Rotation period (P_rot)dem.freqdoublenullablee_Prot? P_rot error (e_P_rot)dstat.errorfloatnullableRef2Reference for P_rot (Ref2)meta.ref;pos.framecharlogLHa/Lbol? Normalised H-alpha luminosity (logLHa/Lbol)phys.luminosity;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_logLHa/Lbol? Normalised H-alpha luminosity error (e_logLHa/Lbol)stat.errorfloatnullablepEWHa? H-alpha pEW' (pEW_Halpha)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_pEWHa? H-alpha pEW' error (e_pEW_Halpha)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablevarpEWHa? Absolute H-alpha pEW' variation (var_pEW_Halpha)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_varpEWHa? Absolute H-alpha pEW' variation error (e_var_pEW_Halpha)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablePHa-1? Best-fit frequency in H-alpha (P_Halpha_1)d**-1em.freqfloatnullablee_PHa-1? Best-fit frequency error in H-alpha (e_P_Halpha_1)d**-1stat.errorfloatnullablePHa-2? Second-best-fit frequency in H-alpha (P_Halpha_2)d**-1em.freqfloatnullablepEWHe1083? HeI 10833 pEW' (pEW_He1083)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_PHa-2? Second-best-fit frequency error in H-alpha (e_P_Halpha_2)d**-1stat.errorfloatnullablePHa-3? Third-best-fit frequency in H-alpha (P_Halpha_3)d**-1em.freqfloatnullablee_PHa-3? Third-best-fit frequency error in H-alpha (e_P_Halpha_3)d**-1stat.errorfloatnullablepEWHeD3? HeI D3 pEW' (pEW_HeD3)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_pEWHeD3? HeI D3 pEW' error (e_pEW_HeD3)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablevarpEWHeD3? Absolute HeI D3 pEW' variation (var_pEW_HeD3)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_varpEWHeD3? Absolute HeI D3 pEW' variation error (e_var_pEW_HeD3)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablePHeD3-1? Best-fit frequency in HeI D3 (P_HeD3_1)d**-1em.freqfloatnullablee_PHeD3-1? Best-fit frequency error in HeI D3 (e_P_HeD3_1)d**-1stat.errorfloatnullablePHeD3-2? Second-best-fit frequency in HeI D3 (P_HeD3_2)d**-1em.freqfloatnullablee_PHeD3-2? Second-best-fit frequency error in HeI D3 (e_P_HeD3_2)d**-1stat.errorfloatnullablePHeD3-3? Third-best-fit frequency in HeI D3 (P_HeD3_3)d**-1em.freqfloatnullablee_PHeD3-3? Third-best-fit frequency error in HeI D3 (e_P_HeD3_3)d**-1stat.errorfloatnullablepEWNaD? NaI D pEW' (pEW_NaD)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_pEWNaD? NaI D pEW' error (e_pEW_NaD)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablevarpEWNaD? Absolute NaI D pEW' variation (var_pEW_NaD)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_varpEWNaD? Absolute NaI D pEW' variation error (e_var_pEW_NaD)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablePNaD-1? Best-fit frequency in NaI D (P_NaD_1)d**-1em.freqfloatnullablee_PNaD-1? Best-fit frequency error in NaI D (e_P_NaD_1)d**-1stat.errorfloatnullablePNaD-2? Second-best-fit frequency in NaI D (P_NaD_2)d**-1em.freqfloatnullablee_PNaD-2? Second-best-fit frequency error in NaI D (e_P_NaD_2)d**-1stat.errorfloatnullablePNaD-3? Third-best-fit frequency in NaI D (P_NaD_3)d**-1em.freqfloatnullablee_PNaD-3? Third-best-fit frequency error in NaI D (e_P_NaD_3)d**-1stat.errorfloatnullablepEWCaIRTaCaII IRT-a pEW' (pEW_CaIRTa)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_pEWCaIRTa? CaII IRT-a pEW' error (e_pEW_CaIRTa)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablevarpEWCaIRTaAbsolute CaII IRT-a pEW' variation (var_pEW_CaIRTa)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_varpEWCaIRTaAbsolute CaII IRT-a pEW' variation error (e_var_pEW_CaIRTa)0.1nmstat.errorfloatPCaIRTa-1Best-fit frequency in Ca IRT-a (P_CaIRTa_1)d**-1em.freqfloate_PCaIRTa-1Best-fit frequency error in Ca IRT-a (e_P_CaIRTa_1)d**-1stat.errorfloatPCaIRTa-2Second-best-fit frequency in Ca IRT-a (P_CaIRTa_2)d**-1em.freqfloate_PCaIRTa-2Second-best-fit frequency error in Ca IRT-a (e_P_CaIRTa_2)d**-1stat.errorfloatPCaIRTa-3Third-best-fit frequency in Ca IRT-a (P_CaIRTa_3)d**-1em.freqfloate_PCaIRTa-3Third-best-fit frequency error in Ca IRT-a (e_P_CaIRTa_3)d**-1stat.errorfloatpEWCaIRTbCaII IRT-b pEW' (pEW_CaIRTb)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_pEWCaIRTb? CaII IRT-b pEW' error (e_pEW_CaIRTb)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablevarpEWCaIRTbAbsolute CaII IRT-b pEW' variation (var_pEW_CaIRTb)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_varpEWCaIRTbAbsolute CaII IRT-b pEW' variation error (e_var_pEW_CaIRTb)0.1nmstat.errorfloate_PCaIRTb-1Best-fit frequency error in Ca IRT-b (e_P_CaIRTb_1)d**-1stat.errorfloatPCaIRTb-2Second-best-fit frequency in Ca IRT-b (P_CaIRTb_2)d**-1em.freqfloate_PCaIRTb-2Second-best-fit frequency error in Ca IRT-b (e_P_CaIRTb_2)d**-1stat.errorfloatPCaIRTb-3Third-best-fit frequency in Ca IRT-b (P_CaIRTb_3)d**-1em.freqfloate_PCaIRTb-3Third-best-fit frequency error in Ca IRT-b (e_P_CaIRTb_3)d**-1stat.errorfloatpEWCaIRTcCaII IRT-c pEW' (pEW_CaIRTc)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_pEWCaIRTc? CaII IRT-c pEW' error (e_pEW_CaIRTc)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablevarpEWCaIRTcAbsolute CaII IRT-c pEW' variation (var_pEW_CaIRTc)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_varpEWCaIRTcAbsolute CaII IRT-c pEW' variation error (e_var_pEW_CaIRTc)0.1nmstat.errorfloatPCaIRTc-1Best-fit frequency in Ca IRT-c (P_CaIRTc_1)d**-1em.freqfloate_PCaIRTc-1Best-fit frequency error in Ca IRT-c (e_P_CaIRTc_1)d**-1stat.errorfloatPCaIRTc-2Second-best-fit frequency in Ca IRT-c (P_CaIRTc_2)d**-1em.freqfloate_PCaIRTc-2Second-best-fit frequency error in Ca IRT-c (e_P_CaIRTc_2)d**-1stat.errorfloatPCaIRTc-3Third-best-fit frequency in Ca IRT-c (P_CaIRTc_3)d**-1em.freqfloate_PCaIRTc-3Third-best-fit frequency error in Ca IRT-c (e_P_CaIRTc_3)d**-1stat.errorfloate_pEWHe1083? HeI 10833 pEW' error (e_pEW_He1083)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablevarpEWHe1083? Absolute HeI 10833 pEW' variation (var_pEW_He1083)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_varpEWHe1083? Absolute HeI 10833 pEW' variation error (e_var_pEW_He1083)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablePHe1083-1? Best-fit frequency in He 10833 (P_He1083_1)d**-1em.freqfloatnullablee_PHe1083-1? Best-fit frequency error in He 10833 (e_P_He1083_1)d**-1stat.errorfloatnullablePHe1083-2? Second-best-fit frequency in He 10833 (P_He1083_2)d**-1em.freqfloatnullablee_PHe1083-2? Second-best-fit frequency error in He 10833 (e_P_He1083_2)d**-1stat.errorfloatnullablePHe1083-3? Third-best-fit frequency in He 10833 (P_He1083_3)d**-1em.freqfloatnullablee_PHe1083-3? Third-best-fit frequency error in He 10833 (e_P_He1083_3)d**-1stat.errorfloatnullablepEWPabeta? Pa-beta pEW' (pEW_Pabeta)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_pEWPabeta? Pa-beta pEW' error (e_pEW_Pabeta)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablevarpEWPabeta? Absolute Pa-beta pEW' variation (var_pEW_Pabeta)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_varpEWPabeta? Absolute Pa-beta pEW' variation error (e_var_pEW_Pabeta)0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablePPabeta-1? Best-fit frequency in Pa-beta (P_Pabeta_1)d**-1em.freqfloatnullablee_PPabeta-1? Best-fit frequency error in Pa-beta (e_P_Pabeta_1)d**-1stat.errorfloatnullablePPabeta-2? Second-best-fit frequency in Pa-beta (P_Pabeta_2)d**-1em.freqfloatnullablee_PPabeta-2? Second-best-fit frequency error in Pa-beta (e_P_Pabeta_2)d**-1stat.errorfloatnullablePPabeta-3? Third-best-fit frequency in Pa-beta (P_Pabeta_3)d**-1em.freqfloatnullablee_PPabeta-3? Third-best-fit frequency error in Pa-beta (e_P_Pabeta_3)d**-1stat.errorfloatnullableTiO705TiO 7050 index (TiO705)0.1nmspect.indexfloate_TiO705TiO 7050 index (e_TiO705)0.1nmstat.errorfloatvarpEWTiO705Absolute TiO 7050 index variation (var_pEW_TiO705)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_varpEWTiO705Absolute TiO 7050 index variation error (e_var_pEW_TiO705)0.1nmstat.errorfloatPTiO705-1Best-fit frequency in TiO 7050 (P_TiO705_1)d**-1em.freqfloate_PTiO705-1Best-fit frequency error in TiO 7050 (e_P_TiO705_1)d**-1stat.errorfloatPTiO705-2Second-best-fit frequency in TiO 7050 (P_TiO705_2)d**-1em.freqfloate_PTiO705-2Second-best-fit frequency error in TiO 7050 (e_P_TiO705_2)d**-1stat.errorfloatPTiO705-3Third-best-fit frequency in TiO 7050 (P_TiO705_3)d**-1em.freqfloate_PTiO705-3Third-best-fit frequency error in TiO 7050 (e_P_TiO705_3)d**-1stat.errorfloatTiO843TiO 8430 index (TiO843)0.1nmspect.indexfloate_TiO843TiO 8430 index (e_TiO843)0.1nmstat.errorfloatvarpEWTiO843Absolute TiO 8430 index variation (var_pEW_TiO843)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_varpEWTiO843Absolute TiO 8430 index variation error (e_var_pEW_TiO843)0.1nmstat.errorfloatPTiO843-1Best-fit frequency in TiO 8430 (P_TiO843_1)d**-1em.freqfloate_PTiO843-1Best-fit frequency error in TiO 8430 (e_P_TiO843_1)d**-1stat.errorfloatPTiO843-2Second-best-fit frequency in TiO 8430 (P_TiO843_2)d**-1em.freqfloate_PTiO843-2Second-best-fit frequency error in TiO 8430 (e_P_TiO843_2)d**-1stat.errorfloatPTiO843-3Third-best-fit frequency in TiO 8430 (P_TiO843_3)d**-1em.freqfloate_PTiO843-3Third-best-fit frequency error in TiO 8430 (e_P_TiO843_3)d**-1stat.errorfloatVO7436VO 7436 index (VO7436)0.1nmspect.indexfloate_VO7436VO 7436 index (e_VO7436)0.1nmstat.errorfloatvarpEWVO7436Absolute VO 7436 index variation (var_pEW_VO7436)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_varpEWVO7436Absolute VO 7436 index variation error (e_var_pEW_VO7436)0.1nmstat.errorfloatPVO7436-1Best-fit frequency in VO 7436 (P_VO7436_1)d**-1em.freqfloate_PVO7436-1Best-fit frequency error in VO 7436 (e_P_VO7436_1)d**-1stat.errorfloatPVO7436-2Second-best-fit frequency in VO 7436 (P_VO7436_2)d**-1em.freqfloate_PVO7436-2Second-best-fit frequency error in VO 7436 (e_P_VO7436_2)d**-1stat.errorfloatPVO7436-3Third-best-fit frequency in VO 7436 (P_VO7436_3)d**-1em.freqfloate_PVO7436-3Third-best-fit frequency error in VO 7436 (e_P_VO7436_3)d**-1stat.errorfloatVO7942VO 7942 index (VO7942)0.1nmspect.indexfloate_VO7942VO 7942 index error (e_VO7942)0.1nmstat.errorfloatvarpEWVO7942Absolute VO 7942 index variation (var_pEW_VO7942)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_varpEWVO7942Absolute VO 7942 index variation error (e_var_pEW_VO7942)0.1nmstat.errorfloatPVO7942-1Best-fit frequency in VO 7942 (P_VO7942_1)d**-1em.freqfloate_PVO7942-1Best-fit frequency error in VO 7942 (e_P_VO7942_1)d**-1stat.errorfloatPVO7942-2Second-best-fit frequency in VO 7942 (P_VO7942_2)d**-1em.freqfloate_PVO7942-2Second-best-fit frequency error in VO 7942 (e_P_VO7942_2)d**-1stat.errorfloatPVO7942-3Third-best-fit frequency in VO 7942 (P_VO7942_3)d**-1em.freqfloate_PVO7942-3Third-best-fit frequency error in VO 7942 (e_P_VO7942_3)d**-1stat.errorfloat_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)pos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)pos.eq.decnullableindexedJ/A+A/623/A44/refsReferencesBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharComCommentsmeta.notecharRefReference codemeta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint