J/A+A/622/A135ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/622/A135doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36220135CDSNavarete F.Leurini S.Giannetti A.Wyrowski F.Urquhart J.S.,Koenig C.Csengeri T.Guesten R.Damineli A.Menten K.M.2019-03-11T08:15:21Z2019-02-08T07:08:06ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinterstellar-mediummolecular-cloudsradial-velocityspectroscopyHigh-mass stars are formed within massive molecular clumps, where a large number of stars form close together. The evolution of the clumps with different masses and luminosities is mainly regulated by their high-mass stellar content and the formation of such objects is still not well understood. In this work, we characterise the mid-J CO emission in a statistical sample of 99 clumps (TOP100) selected from the ATLASGAL survey that are representative of the Galactic proto-cluster population. High-spatial resolution APEX-CHAMP+ maps of the CO (6-5) and CO (7-6) transitions were obtained and combined with additional single-pointing APEX-FLASH+ spectra of the CO (4-3) line. The data were convolved to a common angular resolution of 13.4". We analysed the line profiles by fitting the spectra with up to three Gaussian components, classified as narrow or broad, and computed CO line luminosities for each transition. Additionally, we defined a distance-limited sample of 72 sources within 5kpc to check the robustness of our analysis against beam dilution effects. We have studied the correlations of the line luminosities and profiles for the three CO transitions with the clump properties and investigate if and how they change as a function of the evolution. All sources were detected above 3-{sigma} in all three CO transitions and most of the sources exhibit broad CO emission likely associated with molecular outflows. We find that the extension of the mid-J CO emission is correlated with the size of the dust emission traced by the Herschel-PACS 70um maps. The CO line luminosity (LCO) is correlated with the luminosity and mass of the clumps. However, it does not correlate with the luminosity-to-mass ratio. The dependency of the CO luminosity with the properties of the clumps is steeper for higher-J transitions. Our data seem to exclude that this trend is biased by self-absorption features in the CO emission, but rather suggest that different J transitions arise from different regions of the inner envelope. Moreover, high-mass clumps show similar trends in CO luminosity as lower mass clumps, but are systematically offset towards larger values, suggesting that higher column density and (or) temperature (of unresolved) CO emitters are found inside high-mass clumps.2019A&A...622A.135Nhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/622/A135CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/570/A65 : ATLASGAL massive clumps CO depletion (Giannetti+, 2014)J/A+A/586/A149 : SiO in ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps (Csengeri+, 2016)J/A+A/599/A139 : ATLASGAL massive clumps dust characterization (Koenig+, 2017)J/A+A/602/A37 : Millimeter RRL in ATLASGAL-selected massive clumps (Kim+ 2017)J/A+A/603/A33 : Temperature evolution in massive clumps (Giannetti+, 2017)J/A+A/611/A6 : ATLASGAL massive clumps H_2_CO data (Tang+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/622/A135https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/622/A135http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/622/A135https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/622/A135https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/622/A135http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/622/A135GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/622/A135/tablea1 (Properties of the TOP100 sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/622/A135/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/622/A135/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/622/A135/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true271.5969583-21.62019440.0055555555555555565/7278 10614 6/14353 28803 28919 29091 29097 29101 29116 29505 29508-29509 29529 29532 30218 30256 30258 30262 30268-30269 30318 30330 30405 30422 30618 30694 30716 41653 41655 41677 41685 41759 41767 41772 41776 41814-41815 41820 42159 42168-42169 42172-42173 42211 42215 42224 42226-42227 42229-42230 42376 42378-42379 42381 42383 42387 42390 42392 42396 42398 42451 42460-42461 42497 42512 43013https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/622/A135?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/622/A135/tablea6Integrated properties of the CO emission profiles convolved to 13.4"recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/99] ID of the TOP100 clumpmeta.idintCSCCSC Name (AGALLLL.lll+BB.bbb)meta.id;meta.maincharrms43rms of the CO(4-3) profilesKstat.stdev;instr.det.noisefloatFWZP43full width at zero power of the linekm/sspect.line.eqWidthintSint43integrated intensity of the lineK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.radiofloatLCO43line luminosity of the CO emissionK.km.s**-1.pc**-2phys.luminosityfloate_LCO43uncertainty on the line luminosityK.km.s**-1.pc**-2stat.errorfloatf43[*] an asterisk mark indicates if the line is contaminated by a self-absorption featuremeta.notecharrms65rms of the CO(6-5) profilesKstat.stdev;instr.det.noisefloatFWZP65full width at zero power of the linekm/sspect.line.eqWidthintSint65integrated intensity of the lineK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.radiofloatLCO65line luminosity of the CO emissionK.km.s**-1.pc**-2phys.luminosityfloate_LCO65uncertainty on the line luminosityK.km.s**-1.pc**-2stat.errorfloatf65[*] an asterisk mark indicates if the line is contaminated by a self-absorption featuremeta.notecharrms76rms of the CO(6-5) profilesKstat.stdev;instr.det.noisefloatFWZP76full width at zero power of the linekm/sspect.line.eqWidthintSint76integrated intensity of the lineK.km/sphot.flux.density;em.radiofloatLCO76line luminosity of the CO emissionK.km.s**-1.pc**-2phys.luminosityfloate_LCO76uncertainty on the line luminosityK.km.s**-1.pc**-2stat.errorfloatf76[*] an asterisk mark indicates if the line is contaminated by a self-absorption featuremeta.notecharJ/A+A/622/A135/tablea7Excitation temperature of the TOP100 clumpsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/99] ID of the TOP100 clumpmeta.idintCSCCSC Name (AGALLLL.lll+BB.bbb)meta.id;meta.maincharTexExcitation temperature derived from the peak intensity of the CO(6-5) lineKphys.atmol.excitationfloate_TexUncertainty of the excitation temperatureKstat.errorfloatGTexExcitation temperature derived from the peak intensity of the Gaussian fit of the CO(6-5) lineKphys.atmol.excitationfloatE_GTexUpper uncertainty of the GTex valueKstat.error;stat.maxfloate_GTexLower uncertainty of the GTex valueKstat.errorfloatf_Tex[*] Note on Tex (2)meta.codecharJ/A+A/622/A135/tablea1Properties of the TOP100 sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/99] ID of the TOP100 clumpmeta.idintCSCCSC Name (AGALLLL.lll+BB.bbb)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainOffXOffset in the RA axis between the CSC position and the centre of the CHAMP+ maparcsecpos.angDistance;arith.difffloatOfFYOffset in the Dec axis between the CSC position and the centre of the CHAMP+ maparcsecpos.angDistance;arith.difffloatGCSCGCSC Name (GLLL.llll+BB.bbbb)meta.idcharOfFXgOffset in the RA axis between the GCSC position and the centre of the CHAMP+ maparcsecpos.angDistance;arith.difffloatOfFYgOffset in the Dec axis between the GCSC position and the centre of the CHAMP+ maparcsecpos.angDistance;arith.difffloatVlsrRadial velocity of the clumpkm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.lsrfloatDistDistance of the clumpkpcpos.distancefloatlogLBolometric luminosity of the clump (in logarithm of solar luminosities)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatlogMMass of the clump (in logarithm of solar masses)log(solMass)phys.massfloatClassClassification of the clump (1)meta.code.classcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/622/A135/tablea2Gaussian decomposition of the CO(4-3) profilesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/99] ID of the TOP100 clumpmeta.idintCSCCSC Name (AGALLLL.lll+BB.bbb)meta.id;meta.maincharC1Classification of the Gaussian component No. 1meta.code.classcharVpeak1Peak velocity of the component No. 1km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatFWHM1Full-width at half maximum of component No. 1km/sspect.line.widthfloatTpeak1Peak temperature of the component No. 1Kphys.temperature;stat.maxfloatC2Classification of the Gaussian component No. 2meta.code.classcharVpeak2? Peak velocity of the component No. 2km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableFWHM2? Full-width at half maximum of component No. 2km/sspect.line.widthfloatnullableTpeak2? Peak temperature of the component No. 2Kphys.temperature;stat.maxfloatnullableC3Classification of the Gaussian component No. 3meta.code.classcharVpeak3? Peak velocity of the component No. 2km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableFWHM3? Full-width at half maximum of component No. 2km/sspect.line.widthfloatnullableTpeak3? Peak temperature of the component No. 3Kphys.temperature;stat.maxfloatnullableJ/A+A/622/A135/tablea3Gaussian decomposition of the CO(6-5) profilesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/99] ID of the TOP100 clumpmeta.idintCSCCSC Name (AGALLLL.lll+BB.bbb)meta.id;meta.maincharC1Classification of the Gaussian component No. 1meta.code.classcharVpeak1Peak velocity of the component No. 1km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatFWHM1Full-width at half maximum of component No. 1km/sspect.line.widthfloatTpeak1Peak temperature of the component No. 1Kphys.temperature;stat.maxfloatC2Classification of the Gaussian component No. 2meta.code.classcharVpeak2? Peak velocity of the component No. 2km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableFWHM2? Full-width at half maximum of component No. 2km/sspect.line.widthfloatnullableTpeak2? Peak temperature of the component No. 2Kphys.temperature;stat.maxfloatnullableC3Classification of the Gaussian component No. 3meta.code.classcharVpeak3? Peak velocity of the component No. 2km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableFWHM3? Full-width at half maximum of component No. 2km/sspect.line.widthfloatnullableTpeak3? Peak temperature of the component No. 3Kphys.temperature;stat.maxfloatnullableJ/A+A/622/A135/tablea4Gaussian decomposition of the CO(7-6) profilesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/99] ID of the TOP100 clumpmeta.idintCSCCSC Name (AGALLLL.lll+BB.bbb)meta.id;meta.maincharC1Classification of the Gaussian component No. 1meta.code.classcharVpeak1Peak velocity of the component No. 1km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatFWHM1Full-width at half maximum of component No. 1km/sspect.line.widthfloatTpeak1Peak temperature of the component No. 1Kphys.temperature;stat.maxfloatC2Classification of the Gaussian component No. 2meta.code.classcharVpeak2? Peak velocity of the component No. 2km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableFWHM2? Full-width at half maximum of component No. 2km/sspect.line.widthfloatnullableTpeak2? Peak temperature of the component No. 2Kphys.temperature;stat.maxfloatnullableC3Classification of the Gaussian component No. 3meta.code.classcharVpeak3? Peak velocity of the component No. 2km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatnullableFWHM3? Full-width at half maximum of component No. 2km/sspect.line.widthfloatnullableTpeak3? Peak temperature of the component No. 3Kphys.temperature;stat.maxfloatnullableJ/A+A/622/A135/tablea5Extension of the CO(6-5) and the Herschel-PACS 70 micron emission towards the TOP100 clumpsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/99] ID of the TOP100 clumpmeta.idintCSCCSC Name (AGALLLL.lll+BB.bbb)meta.id;meta.maincharCOmax? Maximum elongation of the CO emissionarcsecphys.angSize.smajAxisfloatnullableCOmin? Minimum elongation of the CO emissionarcsecphys.angSize.sminAxisfloatnullableCOavg? Mean elongation of the CO emissionarcsecphys.angSizefloatnullableCOlin? Linear mean elongation of the CO emissionpcpos.distancefloatnullablee_COlin? Error on the linear mean elongation of the CO emissionpcstat.errorfloatnullable70max? Maximum elongation of the FIR emissionarcsecphys.angSize.smajAxisfloatnullable70min? Minimum elongation of the FIR emissionarcsecphys.angSize.sminAxisfloatnullable70avg? Mean elongation of the FIR emissionarcsecphys.angSizefloatnullable70lin? Linear mean elongation of the FIR emissionpcpos.distancefloatnullablee_70lin? Error on the linear mean elongation of the FIR emissionpcstat.errorfloatnullable