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<ri:Resource created="2018-08-13T12:24:04Z" status="active" updated="2025-05-19T09:50:00Z" version="1.2" xmlns:cs="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/ConeSearch/v1.0" xmlns:ri="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/RegistryInterface/v1.0" xmlns:vr="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VOResource/v1.0" xmlns:vs="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VODataService/v1.1" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.ivoa.net/xml/ConeSearch/v1.0 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/ConeSearch.xsd http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VOResource/v1.0 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/VOResource.xsd http://www.ivoa.net/xml/VODataService/v1.1 http://vo.ari.uni-heidelberg.de/docs/schemata/VODataService.xsd" xsi:type="vs:CatalogService"><title>Close encounters to the Sun in Gaia DR2</title><shortName>J/A+A/616/A37</shortName><identifier>ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/616/A37</identifier><altIdentifier>doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36160037</altIdentifier><curation><publisher ivo-id="ivo://CDS">CDS</publisher><creator><name>Bailer-Jones C.A.L.</name></creator><creator><name>Rybizki J.</name></creator><creator><name>Andrae R.</name></creator><creator><name>Fouesneau M.</name></creator><date role="Updated">2019-10-15T12:03:25Z</date><date role="Created">2018-08-13T12:24:04Z</date><contact><name>CDS support team</name><address>CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France</address><email>cds-question@unistra.fr</email></contact></curation><content><subject>astrometry</subject><subject>solar-system</subject><description>Passing stars may play an important role in the evolution of our solar system. We search for close stellar encounters to the Sun among all 7.2 million stars in Gaia DR2 that have six-dimensional phase space data. We characterize encounters by integrating their orbits through a Galactic potential and propagating the correlated uncertainties via a Monte Carlo resampling. After filtering to remove spurious data, we find 694 stars that have median (over uncertainties) closest encounter distances within 5pc, all occurring within 15Myr from now. 26 of these have at least a 50% chance of coming closer than 1pc (and 7 within 0.5pc), all but one of which are newly discovered here. We confirm some and refute several other previously-identified encounters, confirming suspicions about their data. The closest encounter in the sample is Gl 710, which has a 95% probability of coming closer than 0.08pc (17000AU). Taking mass estimates obtained from Gaia astrometry and multiband photometry for essentially all encounters, we find that Gl 710 also has the largest impulse on the Oort cloud. Using a Galaxy model, we compute the completeness of the Gaia DR2 encountering sample as a function of perihelion time and distance. Only 15% of encounters within 5pc occurring within +/-5Myr of now have been identified, mostly due to the lack of radial velocities for faint and/or cool stars. Accounting for the incompleteness, we infer the present rate of encounters within 1pc to be 19.7+/-2.2 per Myr, a quantity expected to scale quadratically with the encounter distance out to at least several pc. Spuriously large parallaxes in our sample from imperfect filtering would tend to inflate both the number of encounters found and this inferred rate. The magnitude of this effect is hard to quantify.</description><source format="bibcode">2018A&amp;A...616A..37B</source><referenceURL>https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/616/A37</referenceURL><type>Catalog</type><contentLevel>Research</contentLevel><relationship><relationshipType>IsServedBy</relationshipType><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/TAP">TAP VizieR generic service</relatedResource></relationship><relationship><relationshipType>IsServedBy</relationshipType><relatedResource>Conesearch service</relatedResource></relationship><relationship><relationshipType>related-to</relationshipType><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/I/345">I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)</relatedResource><relatedResource ivo-id="ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/575/A35">J/A+A/575/A35 : Close star encounters (Bailer-Jones, 2015)</relatedResource></relationship></content><rights>https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html</rights><capability><interface 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Africa">http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/616/A37/table23?</mirrorURL><queryType>GET</queryType><resultType>text/xml+votable</resultType></interface><maxSR>180.0</maxSR><maxRecords>50000</maxRecords><verbosity>true</verbosity><testQuery><ra>274.96183636341</ra><dec>-1.93861270951</dec><sr>0.005555555555555556</sr></testQuery></capability><coverage><spatial>5/5185 5900 8091 6/114 137 148 166 186 211 217 234 252 259 267 311 341 345 373 377 387 390 419 427 447 475 497 599 620 636 653 684 717 754 761 764 801 828 831 867 908 919 959 961 965 981 1005 1019 1030 1033 1053 1077 1094 1097 1105 1112 1134 1139 1156 1173 1205-1206 1227 1237 1247 1273 1287 1289 1319 1333 1336 1340-1341 1370 1372 1393 1402 1408 1411 1417 1443 1505 1507 1514-1515 1530-1531 1538 1571 1580 1600 1606 1653 1661 1672 1676 1681 1693 1707 1738 1751-1752 1761 1763 1767 1776 1796 1813 1817-1818 1820 1822 1825 1834 1856 1865 1876 1888 1895 1920 1925-1926 1935 1938 1940 1944 1948 1959 1966 1974 1990 2001 2006 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44282 44284 44298 44307 44313 44389 44405 44420 44448 44470 44490 44510 44579 44627 44675 44682 44710 44753 44935 44939 45011 45061 45092 45105 45133 45142-45143 45175 45181 45186 45211 45243 45317 45334 45341 45363-45364 45373 45377 45449 45452 45485 45504 45506 45525 45542 45545 45564 45579 45621-45622 45627 45636 45646 45653 45669 45680 45683 45688 45696 45733 45742 45782 45790 45796 45812-45813 45816 45823 45826 45842 45905 45975-45976 45982 45985 45992 46108 46112 46118 46134 46181 46205 46228 46275 46289 46321 46335 46496 46566 46632 46655 46664 46722 46741 46762 46776 46837 46867 46891 46953 46959 46987 47099 47103 47106 47110 47113 47122 47134 47137 47147 47155 47177 47188 47205 47209 47214 47221 47226 47243 47250-47251 47258 47282 47284 47308 47315 47379-47380 47394 47414 47437 47441-47443 47462 47465 47482 47487 47496 47519 47538 47563 47566 47589 47619 47633-47634 47648-47649 47664 47676 47681 47687 47693 47702 47711 47717 47734 47740 47748 47759 47766 47777 47783 47800-47802 47810 47850 47855 47857 47859 47870 47875 47877 47880 47899 47901 47906-47907 47923 47933 47943-47944 47961 47966 48009-48011 48016 48021 48024 48035 48037 48039 48042 48044 48052 48060 48082 48089 48092 48113 48121 48129 48143 48258 48274 48290 48329 48340 48354 48361 48419 48454 48462 48475 48619 48652 48673 48681 48702 48744 48748 48754 48768 48772 48792 48806 48822 48894 48903 48932 48954 48958-48959 48996 49005 49023 49040 49064 49084 49088 49118</spatial><footprint ivo-id="ivo://ivoa.net/std/moc">https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/616/A37?format=ascii</footprint></coverage><tableset><schema><name>default</name><table><name>J/A+A/616/A37/table23</name><description>Perihelion parameters for all objects with a median perihelion distance below 10pc (table 2) and additional information on the objects (table 3), in order of increasing median perihelion distance</description><column><name>recno</name><description>Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.</description><ucd>meta.record</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>ID</name><description>Gaia source identifier (Source)</description><ucd>meta.id;meta.main</ucd></column><column><name>tphmed</name><description>Median perihelion time (tphmed)</description><unit>kyr</unit><ucd>src.orbital.periastron;stat.median</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>b_tph</name><description>5% bound on perihelion time distribution (tphlo)</description><unit>kyr</unit><ucd>src.orbital.periastron;stat.min</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>B_tph</name><description>95% bound on perihelion time distribution (tphup)</description><unit>kyr</unit><ucd>src.orbital.periastron;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>dphmed</name><description>Median perihelion distance (dphmed)</description><unit>pc</unit><ucd>pos.distance;src.orbital.periastron;stat.median</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>b_dph</name><description>5% bound on perihelion distance distribution (dphlo)</description><unit>pc</unit><ucd>pos.distance;src.orbital.periastron;stat.min</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>B_dph</name><description>95% bound on perihelion distance distribution (dphup)</description><unit>pc</unit><ucd>pos.distance;src.orbital.periastron;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>vphmed</name><description>Median perihelion speed (vphmed)</description><unit>km/s</unit><ucd>phys.veloc</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>b_vph</name><description>5% bound on perihelion speed distribution (vphlo)</description><unit>km/s</unit><ucd>phys.veloc;src.orbital.periastron;stat.min</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>B_vph</name><description>95% bound on perihelion speed distribution (vphup)</description><unit>km/s</unit><ucd>phys.veloc;src.orbital.periastron;stat.max</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>plx</name><description>Parallax (par)</description><unit>mas</unit><ucd>pos.parallax.trig</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>e_plx</name><description>parallax uncertainty (1 sigma) (epar)</description><unit>mas</unit><ucd>stat.error;pos.parallax</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>pm</name><description>Total proper motion (pm)</description><unit>mas/yr</unit><ucd>pos.pm</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>e_pm</name><description>Total proper motion uncertainty (1 sigma) (epm)</description><unit>mas/yr</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>RV</name><description>Radial velocity (rv)</description><unit>km/s</unit><ucd>phys.veloc;pos.heliocentric</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>e_RV</name><description>Radial velocity uncertainty (1 sigma) (erv)</description><unit>km/s</unit><ucd>stat.error</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>Mass</name><description>? Mass (mass)</description><unit>solMass</unit><ucd>phys.mass</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>Gmag</name><description>G band magnitude (gmag)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.mag;em.opt</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>BP-RP</name><description>? BP-RP colour (bprp)</description><unit>mag</unit><ucd>phot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.R</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType><flag>nullable</flag></column><column><name>u</name><description>Astrometric unit weight error (u)</description><ucd>phys.atmol.weight</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">float</dataType></column><column><name>Nvis</name><description>Number of visibility periods (nvis)</description><ucd>meta.number</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>aen</name><description>Astrometric excess noise (aen)</description><unit>mas</unit><ucd>stat.snr;instr.det.noise</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>s_aen</name><description>Astrometric excess noise sigma (aensig)</description><unit>mas</unit><ucd>instr.det.noise</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">double</dataType></column><column><name>NRVS</name><description>Number of RVS transits (nrvs)</description><ucd>meta.number</ucd><dataType xsi:type="vs:VOTableType">int</dataType></column><column><name>RA_ICRS</name><description>Gaia DR2 right ascension (ICRS) at Ep= 2015.5 (ra)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.ra;meta.main</ucd></column><column><name>DE_ICRS</name><description>Gaia DR2 declination (ICRS) at Ep= 2015.5 (dec)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.dec;meta.main</ucd></column><column><name>_RA.icrs</name><description>Right ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.ra</ucd><flag>nullable</flag><flag>indexed</flag></column><column><name>_DE.icrs</name><description>Declination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2015.5 (computed by VizieR, not part of the original data. The format may include more digits than the original data because of internal accuracy requirements in VizieR and across other CDS services)</description><unit>deg</unit><ucd>pos.eq.dec</ucd><flag>nullable</flag><flag>indexed</flag></column></table></schema></tableset></ri:Resource>