J/A+A/616/A175ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/616/A175doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36160175CDSYang M.Bonanos A.Z.Jiang B.W.Gao J.Xue M.Y.Wang S.Lam M.I.,Spetsieri Z.T.Ren Y.Gavras P.2018-10-25T11:44:41Z2018-09-11T07:47:24ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinfrared-sourcesmagellanic-cloudsstellar-mass-losslate-type-starssupergiant-starsvariable-starsThe characteristics of infrared properties and mid-infrared (MIR) variability of red supergiant (RSG) stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) are analyzed based on 12 bands of near-infrared (NIR) to MIR co-added data from 2MASS, Spitzer and WISE, and ~6.6 years of MIR time-series data collected by the ALLWISE and NEOWISE-R projects. 773 RSGs candidates are compiled from the literature and verified by using the color-magnitude diagram (CMD), spectral energy distribution (SED) and MIR variability. About 15% of valid targets in the IRAC1-IRAC2/IRAC2-IRAC3 diagram may show Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) emission. We show that arbitrary dereddening Q parameters related to the IRAC4, S9W, WISE3, WISE4 and MIPS24 bands could be constructed based on a precise measurement of MIR interstellar extinction law. Several peculiar outliers in our sample are discussed, in which one outlier might be a RSG right before the explosion or an extreme asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star in the very late evolutionary stage based on the MIR spectrum and photometry. There are 744 identified RSGs in the final sample having both the WISE1- and WISE2-band time-series data. The results show that the MIR variability is increasing along with the increasing of brightness. There is a relatively tight correlation between the MIR variability, mass loss rate (MLR; in terms of K_S-WISE3 color) and the warm dust/continuum (in terms of WISE4 magnitude/flux), where the MIR variability is evident for the targets with K_S-WISE3>1.0mag and WISE4<6.5mag, while the rest of the targets show much smaller MIR variability. The MIR variability is also correlated with the MLR for which targets with larger variability also show larger MLR with an approximate upper limit of -6.1M_{sun}_/yr. The variability and luminosity may both be important for the MLR since the WISE4-band flux is increasing exponentially along with the degeneracy of luminosity and variability. The identified RSG sample has been compared with the theoretical evolutionary models and shown that the discrepancy between observation and evolutionary models can be mitigated by considering both variability and extinction.2018A&A...616A.175Yhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/616/A175CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/AJ/126/2867 : Red supergiants in Magellanic Clouds (Massey+, 2003)J/ApJ/749/177 : Yellow and red supergiants in the LMC (Neugent+, 2012)J/A+A/578/A3 : MCs new survey of supergiants (Gonzalez-Fernandez+, 2015)J/MNRAS/470/3250 : SAGE LMC point-sources classification (Jones+, 2017)J/ApJ/727/53 : Red supergiant stars in the LMC. I. (Yang+, 2011)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/616/A175https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/616/A175http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/616/A175https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/616/A175https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/616/A175http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/616/A175GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/616/A175/table1 (General information of 773 RSGs candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/616/A175/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/616/A175/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/616/A175/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true70.92875-67.782083060.0055555555555555564/2068 5/8263 8268-8269 8278 8280-8281 6/33047 33050-33051 33085 33106-33107 33110 33128 33136 375448.650015785639275e-20 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/616/A175?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/616/A175/table1General information of 773 RSGs candidatesRefReference(s) (4)meta.ref;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[1/773] Identifiermeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJmag? 2MASS J-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_Jmag? 2MASS J-band magnitude error (1)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JdoublenullableHmag? 2MASS H-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hdoublenullablee_Hmag? 2MASS H-band magnitude error (1)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HdoublenullableKsmag? 2MASS Ks-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublenullablee_Ksmag? 2MASS Ks-band magnitude error (1)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KdoublenullableIRAC1? Spitzer IRAC1-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullablee_IRAC1? Spitzer IRAC1-band magnitude error (1)magstat.errordoublenullableIRAC2? Spitzer IRAC2-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_IRAC2? Spitzer IRAC2-band magnitude error (1)magstat.errordoublenullableIRAC3? Spitzer IRAC3-band magnitude (1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_IRAC3? Spitzer IRAC3-band magnitude error (1)magstat.errordoublenullableIRAC4? Spitzer IRAC4-band magnitude (1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_IRAC4? Spitzer IRAC4-band magnitude error (1)magstat.errordoublenullableMIPS24? Spitzer MIPS24-band magnitude (1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_MIPS24? Spitzer MIPS24-band magnitude error (1)magstat.errordoublenullableWISE1? ALLWISE WISE1-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullablee_WISE1? ALLWISE WISE1-band magnitude error (1)magstat.errordoublenullableWISE2? ALLWISE WISE2-band magnitude (1)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_WISE2? ALLWISE WISE2-band magnitude error (1)magstat.errordoublenullableWISE3? ALLWISE WISE3-band magnitude (1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_WISE3? ALLWISE WISE3-band magnitude error (1)magstat.errordoublenullableWISE4? ALLWISE WISE4-band magnitude (1)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_WISE4? ALLWISE WISE4-band magnitude error (1)magstat.errordoublenullableWISE1med? ALLWISE WISE1-band median magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullableWISE1madl? ALLWISE WISE1-band long-term median absolute deviation (2)magstat.stdevdoublenullableWISE1mads? ALLWISE WISE1-band short-term median absolute deviation (2)magstat.stdevdoublenullableWISE1amp? ALLWISE WISE1-band full amplitude (2)magsrc.var.amplitudedoublenullableWISE2med? ALLWISE WISE2-band median magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullableWISE2madl? ALLWISE WISE2-band long-term median absolute deviation (2)magstat.stdevdoublenullableWISE2mads? ALLWISE WISE2-band short-term median absolute deviation (2)magstat.stdevdoublenullableWISE2amp? ALLWISE WISE2-band full amplitude (2)magsrc.var.amplitudedoublenullableComOutliers identified by different methods (3)meta.codechar