J/A+A/612/A79ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/612/A79doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36120079CDSBarrado D.de Gregorio Monsalvo I.Huelamo N.Morales-Calderon M.,Bayo A.Palau A.Ruiz M.T.Riviere-Marichalar P.Bouy H.Morata O.,Stauffer J.R.Eiroa C.Noriega-Crespo A.2018-08-08T08:28:07Z2018-05-04T09:28:14ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersmolecular-cloudsinfrared-photometrymillimeter-astronomyphotometrysubmillimeter-astronomyvisible-astronomyThe early evolutionary stage of brown dwarfs (BDs) is not very well characterized, especially during the embedded phase. Our goal is to gain insight into the dominant formation mechanism of very low-mass objects and BDs. We have conducted deep observations at 870um obtained with the LABOCA bolometer at the APEX telescope in order to identify young submillimeter (submm) sources in the Barnard 30 dark cloud. We have complemented these data with multi-wavelength observations from the optical to the far-IR and compiled complete spectral energy distributions in order to identify the counterparts, characterize the sources and to assess their membership to the association and stellar or substellar status based on the available photometric information. We have identified 34 submm sources and a substantial number of possible and probable Barnard 30 members within each individual APEX/LABOCA beam. They can be classified into three distinct groups. First, 15 of these 34 have a clear optical or IR counterpart to the submm peak and nine of them are potential proto-BD candidates. Moreover, a substantial number of them could be multiple systems. A second group of 13 sources comprises candidate members with significant infrared excesses located away from the central submm emission. All of them include BD candidates, some displaying IR excess, but their association with submm emission is unclear. In addition, we have found six starless cores and, based on the total dust mass estimate, three might be pre-substellar (or pre-BDs) cores. Finally, the complete characterization of our APEX/LABOCA sources, focusing on those detected at 24 and/or 70um, indicates that in our sample of 34 submm sources there are, at least: two WTTs, four CTTs, five young stellar objects, eight proto-BD candidates (with another three dubious cases), and one very low luminosity objects.2018A&A...612A..79Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/612/A79CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/297 : AKARI/IRC mid-IR all-sky Survey (ISAS/JAXA, 2010)II/298 : AKARI/FIS All-Sky Survey PSC (ISAS/JAXA, 2010)II/311 : WISE All-Sky Data Release (Cutri+ 2012)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)J/AJ/121/2124 : {lambda} Ori pre-main-sequence stars photometry (Dolan+, 2001)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/612/A79https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/612/A79http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/612/A79https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/612/A79https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/612/A79http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/612/A79GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/612/A79/table2 (APEX/LABOCA sources in Barnard 30)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true82.806833312.37297220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/612/A79/table3 (Photometric data for all stellar counterparts)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true82.810394312.37432670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/612/A79/table4 (Photometric data, including WISE, release 2013)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true82.810394312.37432670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/612/A79/table5 (Optical and near-IR photometry from 2MASS)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true82.810394312.37432670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/612/A79/table6 (AKARI photometry for APEX/LABOCA sources)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true82.847960812.19110920.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/612/A79/table7 (Properties and memberships criteria for all counterparts within the APEX/LABOCA beam)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table7?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table7?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table7?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true82.810394312.37432670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/612/A79/table8 (Temperatures and luminosities for Barnard 30 objects with significant infrared excesses)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table8?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table8?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/table8?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true82.831057112.15427720.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/612/A79/list (List of fits images)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/list?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/list?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/612/A79/list?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true82.8351112.110760.0055555555555555566/23738-237392.283270615984385e-22 3.547591021873338e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/612/A79?format=asciiMillimeterInfraredOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/612/A79/table2APEX/LABOCA sources in Barnard 30l_F70Limit flag on F70meta.code.errorcharNameB30 source ID (LBNN)meta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCompDisplay data for the membersmeta.ref.urlcharn_Name[a-i] Note on Name (1)meta.notecharRAJ2000Maximum emission of the core right ascension (J2000) (2)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Maximum emission of the core declination (J2000) (2)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainS870APEX/LABOCA flux density at 870um computed above 3{sigma} emission (3)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzintIpeakAPEX/LABOCA peak intensity at 870um (maximum of the emission) (4)mJy/beamphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzintAV? Values derived from the extinction map, with a resolution of 1.5 arcmin, three times larger the LABOCA beam-sizemagphys.absorptionfloatnullableMallEnvelope masses (5)solMassphys.massfloatMpeakEnvelope masses (5)solMassphys.massfloatl_LintLimit flag on Lintmeta.code.errorcharLint? Internal luminosity of the core, based on MIPS flux at 70um, after Dunham et al. (2008, Cat. J/ApJS/179/249)solLumphys.luminosityfloatnullablen_Lint[j] Note on Lint (1)meta.notecharF70? MIPS flux at 70umJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umfloatnullablen_F70[j] Note on F70 (1)meta.notecharAngSize? Deconvolved size after fitting a Gaussian to the cores, the averaged of the major and minor axis is representedarcsecphys.angSizeintnullablen_AngSize[PL ] "PL" stands for point-like sourcemeta.notecharrmsrms at 870ummJystat.stdev;instr.det.noiseintGrGroups based on the detection at 70 and 24um and presence of counterparts, as discussed in Sect. 2.7 (6)meta.idcharTypeTentative classification (7)src.classcharBD?T[Y ] Presence of BD candidates, Y indicates whether there is a BD candidate within APEX/LABOCA beammeta.codecharBD?5Indicates whether there is a optical/IR counterpart within 5 arcsec from APEX/LABOCA peak (8)meta.codecharJ/A+A/612/A79/table3Photometric data for all stellar counterpartsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourcesubmm source in table2meta.ref.urlcharB30IDB30 source ID (LBNN A)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Source right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Source declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJmag? J band photometry from CAHA/OMEGA2000magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag? Uncertainty in J band photometry from CAHA/OMEGA2000magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableHmag? H band photometry from CAHA/OMEGA2000magphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag? Uncertainty in H band photometry from CAHA/OMEGA2000magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableKmag? K band photometry from CAHA/OMEGA2000magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Kmag? Uncertainty in K band photometry from CAHA/OMEGA2000magstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableI1mag? IRAC band 1 photometrymagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_I1mag? Uncertainty in IRAC band 1 photometrymagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableI2mag? IRAC band 2 photometrymagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_I2mag? Uncertainty in IRAC band 2 photometrymagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableI3mag? IRAC band 3 photometrymagphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_I3mag? Uncertainty in IRAC band 3 photometrymagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableI4mag? IRAC band 4 photometrymagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_I4mag? Uncertainty in IRAC band 4 photometrymagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableM1mag? MIPS band 1 photometrymagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_M1mag? Uncertainty in MIPS band 1 photometrymagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullableNote[*] Note for individual entries (1)meta.notecharJ/A+A/612/A79/table4Photometric data, including WISE, release 2013Sourcesubmm source in table2meta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintB30IDB30 source ID (LBNN A)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Source right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Source declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainDistDistance to optical counterpartarcsecmeta.id.assoc;pos.angDistancefloatWISESource ID in the WISE cataloguemeta.idcharW1magWISE band 1 photometrymagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatn_W1mag[)] ) for values that have not been usedmeta.notechare_W1magUncertainty in WISE band 1 photometrymagstat.error;phot.magfloatn_e_W1mag[)] ) for values that have not been usedmeta.notecharl_W2magLimit flag on W2magmeta.code.errorcharW2magWISE band 2 photometrymagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatn_W2mag[)] ) for values that have not been usedmeta.notechare_W2mag? Uncertainty in WISE band 2 photometrymagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablen_e_W2mag[)] ) for values that have not been usedmeta.notecharl_W3magLimit flag on W3magmeta.code.errorcharW3magWISE band 3 photometrymagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatn_W3mag[)] ) for values that have not been usedmeta.notechare_W3mag? Uncertainty in WISE band 3 photometrymagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablen_e_W3mag[)] ) for values that have not been usedmeta.notecharl_W4magLimit flag on W4magmeta.code.errorcharW4magWISE band 4 photometrymagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatn_W4mag[)] ) for values that have not been usedmeta.notechare_W4mag? Uncertainty in WISE band 4 photometrymagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablen_e_W4mag[)] ) for values that have not been usedmeta.notecharContContamination and confusion flag, one per band (1)meta.codecharExt[0/1] Extended source flag (2)meta.codecharQflagPhotometric quality flag (3)meta.code.qual;photcharJ/A+A/612/A79/table5Optical and near-IR photometry from 2MASSrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourcesubmm source in table2meta.ref.urlcharB30IDB30 source ID (LBNN A)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Source right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Source declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainVmag? V magnitude from Dolan & Mathieu (2001, Cat. J/AJ/121/2124)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableRmag? R magnitude from Dolan & Mathieu (2001, Cat. J/AJ/121/2124)magphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatnullableImag? I magnitude from Dolan & Mathieu (2001, Cat. J/AJ/121/2124)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablermag? r photometry from INT/WFC, this workmagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmag? Uncertainty in r photometry from INT/WFC, this workmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullableimag? i photometry from INT/WFC, this workmagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag? Uncertainty in r photometry from INT/WFC, this workmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableJ2mag? J photometry from 2MASSmagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_J2mag? Uncertainty in J photometry from 2MASSmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableH2mag? H photometry from 2MASSmagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_H2mag? Uncertainty in H photometry from 2MASSmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableK2mag? K photometry from 2MASSmagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_K2mag? Uncertainty in K photometry from 2MASSmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableJ/A+A/612/A79/table6AKARI photometry for APEX/LABOCA sourcesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourcesubmm source in table2meta.ref.urlcharB30IDB30 source ID (LBNN A)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Source right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Source declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainS09? AKARI flux density at 9 micronsJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_S09? Uncertainty in AKARI flux density at 9umJystat.errorfloatnullableS18? AKARI flux density at 18 micronsJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_S18? Uncertainty in AKARI flux density at 18umJystat.errordoublenullableS65? AKARI flux density at 65 micronsJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umfloatnullablee_S65? Uncertainty in AKARI flux density at 65umJystat.errorfloatnullableS90? AKARI flux density at 90 micronsJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umfloatnullablee_S90? Uncertainty in AKARI flux density at 90umJystat.errorfloatnullableS140? AKARI flux density at 140 micronsJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzfloatnullablee_S140? Uncertainty in AKARI flux density at 140umJystat.errorfloatnullableS160? AKARI flux density at 160 micronsJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzfloatnullablee_S160? Uncertainty in AKARI flux density at 165umJystat.errorfloatnullableAKARIAKARI namemeta.idcharNote[ab- ] Note for individual entries (1)meta.notecharJ/A+A/612/A79/table7Properties and memberships criteria for all counterparts within the APEX/LABOCA beamB30IDB30 source ID (LBNN A)meta.id;meta.maincharAv? Visual extinctionmagphys.absorption;em.opt.VfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourcesubmm source in table2meta.ref.urlcharRAJ2000Source right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Source declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainTeff? Source effective temperature assuming Av=0.322Kphys.temperature.effectiveintnullableLbol? Source bolometric luminosity assuming Av=0.322solLumphys.luminositydoublenullablee_Lbol? Uncertainty in source bolometric luminosity assuming Av=0.322solLumstat.errordoublenullableTeffvar? Source effective temperature with variable AvKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullableLbolvar? Source bolometric luminosity with variable AvsolLumphys.luminositydoublenullablee_Lbolvar? Uncertainty in source bolometric luminosity with variable AvsolLumstat.errordoublenullableMemb1[YN?- ] Membership criteria based on the location on Herzprung-Russell, optical-IR Color-Color and Color-Magnitude Diagrams (1)meta.code.membercharMembFinalFinal membership assessmentmeta.code.member;phys.atmol.finalcharNpFit? Number of photometric points on the SED: Fitmeta.numberintnullableNptot? Number of photometric points on the SED: totalmeta.numberintnullableClassEvolutionary class based on a Spitzer/IRAC (I1-I2, I3-I4) CCDmeta.code.classcharIRACSlopeIRAC Slopemeta.codecharIRExcess[YNTG?- ] IR excess based on optical, near-IR and Spitzer Color-Color and Color-Magnitude Diagrams (2)meta.codecharJ/A+A/612/A79/table8Temperatures and luminosities for Barnard 30 objects with significant infrared excessesTypeTypesrc.classcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourcesubmm source in table2meta.ref.urlcharB30IDName (LBNN A)meta.id;meta.maincharn_B30ID[5/8]? Note on B30ID (1)meta.noteintnullableRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainTefff? Effective temperature, AV=0.322Kphys.temperature.effectiveintnullableLbolf? Bolometric luminosity, AV=0.322solLumphys.luminosityfloatnullableGroupGrouping based on the detection at 70 and 24um and presence of counterparts, as discussed in Sect. 2.7 (Gr and Type) (2)meta.idcharTeffv? Effective temperature, AV=variableKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullableLbolv? Bolometric luminosity, AV=variablesolLumphys.luminosityfloatnullableMemFMembership status (3)meta.code.membercharTbol? Bolometric temperatureKphys.temperatureintnullablen_Tbol[)* ] Note on Tbol (4)meta.notecharTbol2? Bolometric temperature, including the flux at 870um from APEX/LABOCA and, if present, MIPS M2Kphys.temperatureintnullablen_Tbol2[)* ] Note on Tbol2 (4)meta.notecharLbol? Bolometric luminositysolLumphys.luminosityfloatnullablen_Lbol[)* ]Note on Lbol (4)meta.notecharl_Lbol2[<= ] Limit flag on Lbol2meta.code.errorcharLbol2? Bolometric luminosity, including the flux at 870um from APEX/LABOCA and, if present, MIPS M2solLumphys.luminosityfloatnullablen_Lbol2[)* ] Note on Lbol2 (4)meta.notecharl_Lint[<= ] Limit flag on Lintmeta.code.errorcharLint? Internal luminosity, based on MIPS flux at 70um, after Dunham et al. (2008, Cat. J/ApJS/179/249)solLumphys.luminosityfloatnullableClassSED classification based on the Tbol versus Lbol diagrammeta.code.classcharNpointNumber of pointsmeta.numberintJ/A+A/612/A79/listList of fits imagesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right Ascension of center (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of center (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainScale? Scale of the imagearcsec/pixinstr.scalefloatnullableNxNumber of pixels along X-axismeta.numberintNyNumber of pixels along Y-axismeta.numberintObs.DateObservation date (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.ssss)time.epoch;obscharsizeSize of FITS fileKibytephys.size;meta.fitsintFileNameName of FITS file, in subdirectory fitsmeta.id;meta.fitscharTitleTitle of the FITS filemeta.title;meta.fitschar