J/A+A/611/A28ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/611/A28doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36110028CDSGavazzi G.Consolandi G.Pedraglio S.Fossati M.Fumagalli M.,Boselli A.2018-12-19T08:00:51Z2018-03-19T09:02:28ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesredshiftedvisible-astronomyh-alpha-photometryThe traditional knowledge of the mechanisms that caused the formation and evolution of early-type galaxies (ETG) in a hierarchical universe was challenged by the unexpected finding by ATLAS^3D^ that 86% of the ETGs show signs of a fast-rotating disk at their interior. This implies a common origin of most spiral galaxies, followed by a quenching phase, while only a minority of the most massive systems are slow rotators and were likely to be the products of merger events. Our aim is to improve our knowledge on the content and distribution of ionized hydrogen and their usage to form stars in a representative sample of ETGs for which the kinematics and detailed morphological classification were known from ATLAS^3D^. Methods. Using narrow-band filters centered on the redshifted H{alpha} line along with a broad-band (r-Gunn) filter to recover the stellar continuum, we observed or collected existing imaging observations for 147 ETGs (including members of the Virgo cluster) that are representative of the whole ATLAS3D survey. Fifty-five ETGs (37%) were detected in the H{alpha} line above our detection threshold, (EW(H{alpha})<=-1{AA}), and 21 harbor a strong source (EW(H{alpha})<=-5{AA}). The strong H{alpha} emitters appear associated with mostly low-mass (M*~10^10^M_{sun}_) S0 galaxies that contain conspicuous stellar and gaseous discs. These harbor significant star formation at their interior, including their nuclei. The weak H{alpha} emitters are almost one order of magnitude more massive, contain gas-poor discs and harbor an AGN at their centers. Their emissivity is dominated by [NII] and does not imply star formation. The 92 undetected ETGs constitute the majority in our sample and are gas-free systems that lack a disc and exhibit passive spectra even in their nuclei. These pieces of evidence reinforce the conclusion made previously that the evolution of ETGs followed the secular channel for the less massive systems and the dry merging channel for the most massive galaxies at the center of clusters of galaxies.2018A&A...611A..28Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/611/A28CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/413/813 : ATLAS3D project. I. (Cappellari+, 2011)J/MNRAS/414/888 : ATLAS3D project. III. (Emsellem+, 2011)J/MNRAS/414/940 : ATLAS3D project. IV. (Young+, 2011)J/MNRAS/416/1680 : ATLAS3D project. VII. (Cappellari+, 2011)J/MNRAS/433/2812 : ATLAS3D project. XXIII. (Krajnovic+, 2013)J/MNRAS/448/3484 : ATLAS3D Project. XXX (McDermid+, 2015)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/611/A28https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/611/A28http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/611/A28https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/611/A28https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/611/A28http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/611/A28GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/611/A28/sample (General parameters of the 147 target galaxies (table A1) and the 20 filler targets (table A2))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/611/A28/sample?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/611/A28/sample?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/611/A28/sample?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true115.094791723.2750.0055555555555555565/6941 6/4439 4447 4565 4807 4829 4840 4869 4989 5021 5075 5125 5134 5182 5196 5198 5288 5398 6162 8193 8195-8197 8208 8228 9186 9465 9467 9469-9471 9809 9812 10378 10382 10401 10501 25979 26055 26065 26285 26307 26313 26316 26361-26362 26530 26542 27079 27135 27255 27367 27480 27515 27518 27578 27582 27595 27604 27669 27671 27712-27714 27718-27720 27722-27723 27728 27734-27736 27738-27739 27743 27755 27758 27773-27774 27802 27857 27861 27905 27907-27908 27913-27915 27921 27931 27936 27938 27944 27946 28033 28037-28038 28045 28142 28200 28221 28264 28300 28311 28362 28491 28495 31340 31404 31418 31453-31454 31624https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/611/A28?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/611/A28/sampleGeneral parameters of the 147 target galaxies (table A1) and the 20 filler targets (table A2)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSetmeta.codecharGalaxyGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.maincz? Recessional velocitykm/sphys.velocintnullableD? Distance in MpcMpcpos.distancefloatnullableTypeMorphological typesrc.morph.typechargmag? g magnitude from Consolandi et al. (2016, Cat. J/A+A/591/A38)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablermag? r magnitude from Consolandi et al. (2016, Cat. J/A+A/591/A38)magphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatnullablelogMstar? log of stellar masslog(solMass)phys.massfloatnullableRotKinematic classification in ATLAS3Dmeta.code.classcharl_logMH2Y[=<] Limit flag on MH2Y ("=" detected, < upper limit)meta.code.errorcharlogMH2Y? log of the molecular hydrogen mass (H_2_) as given by Young et al. (2011, Cat. J/MNRAS/414/940)log(solMass)phys.massfloatnullablen_logMH2Y[H2 ] Note on MH2Y (1)meta.notecharl_logMH2S[=<] Limit flag on MH2S ("=" detected, < upper limit)meta.code.errorcharlogMH2S? log of the atomic hydrogen mass (H_2_) as given by Serra et al. (2012MNRAS.422.1835S)log(solMass)phys.massfloatnullablen_logMH2S[HI ] Note on MH2S (2)meta.notecharJ/A+A/611/A28/paramsObservational parameters of the 147 target galaxies (table A3) and the 20 filler targets (table A4)GalaxyGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSetmeta.codecharRef[1/11] Reference to the Halpha observation (G1)meta.refintAmON15? Air mass during the ON-band exposure in 2015obs.airMassfloatnullableAmOFF15? Air mass during the OFF-band exposure in 2015obs.airMassfloatnullableAmON16? Air mass during the ON-band exposure in 2016obs.airMassfloatnullableAmOFF16? Air mass during the OFF-band exposure in 2016obs.airMassfloatnullableTexpON25? Exposure time of the individual ON-band exposure in 2015stime.duration;obs.exposureintnullableTexpOFF15? Exposure time of the individual OFF-band exposure in 2015stime.duration;obs.exposureintnullableTexpON26? Exposure time of the individual ON-band exposure in 2016stime.duration;obs.exposureintnullableTexpOFF16? Exposure time of the individual OFF-band exposure in 2016stime.duration;obs.exposureintnullableJ/A+A/611/A28/resultsResults of our Halpha imaging campaign for the 147 target galaxies (table A5) and the 20 filler targets (table A6)GalaxyGalaxy namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSetmeta.codecharEW3as? Halpha+[NII] (negative means emission) measured in a circular aperture of 3" positioned on the galaxy nucleus0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_EW3as? rms uncertainty of the (EW) Halpha+[NII] measured in a circular aperture of 3"0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablel_LogF3asLimit flag on LogF3as (< for undetection)meta.code.errorcharLogF3as? log of the Halpha+[NII] flux measured in a circular aperture of 3" positioned on the galaxy nucleus;log(mW.m**-2)phot.flux;em.line.Halphafloatnullablee_LogF3as? rms uncertainty of LogF3aslog(mW.m**-2)stat.errorfloatnullableEWtot? Total (EW) Halpha+[NII] measured in a circular aperture containing the whole galaxy0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablee_EWtot? rms uncertainty on EWtot0.1nmstat.errorfloatnullablel_LogFTotLimit flag on LogFTot (< for undetection)meta.code.errorcharLogFTot? log of the Halpha+[NII] flux measured in a circular aperture containing the whole galaxylog(mW.m**-2)phot.flux;em.line.Halphafloatnullablee_LogFTot? rms uncertainty on LogFTotlog(mW.m**-2)stat.errorfloatnullablel_logSFRLimit flag on logSFR (< for undetection)meta.code.error;phys.SFRcharlogSFR? log of the total star formation rate derived from the Halpha flux (1)log(solMass.yr**-1)phys.SFRfloatnullableSpecAvailability of a nuclear spectrum flag (2)meta.codecharSpecTyNuclear spectral classification (3)meta.codecharDet[1/3]? Detection flag (4)meta.code.errorintnullablemorfHaHalpha morphological classification (5)meta.notecharHSTHST imaging availability flag (6)meta.codecharRefReference to Halpha imaging (G1)meta.ref;pos.framechar