J/A+A/606/A53ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/606/A53doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36060053CDSPiccialli A.Moreno R.Encrenaz T.Fouchet T.Lellouch E.Widemann T.2025-09-26T20:00:47Z2017-10-09T10:50:35ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsolar-systemsolar-system-planetschemical-abundancesWater vapor and sulfur compounds are key species in the photochemistry of Venus mesosphere. These species, together with mesospheric temperatures, exhibit drastic temporal variations, both on short timescales (diurnal and day-to-day) as well on long timescales, far from being understood. We targeted CO, SO, H_2_O and SO_2_ transitions in the submillimeter range using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) to study their spatial and temporal variations. Four sets of observations were acquired on different dates in November 2011 during the first ALMA Early Science observation Cycle 0. Venus angular diameter was about 11" with an illumination factor of 92%, so that mostly the day side of the planet was mapped. Assuming a nominal CO abundance profile, we retrieved vertical temperature profiles over the entire disk as a function of latitude and local time. Temperature profiles were later used to retrieve SO, SO_2_, and H_2_O. We used H_2_O as a tracer for water assuming a D/H enrichment of 200 times the terrestrial value. We derived 3-D maps of mesospheric temperatures in the altitude range 70-105km. SO, SO_2_, and H_2_O are characterized by a negligible abundance below ~85km followed by an increase with altitude in the upper mesosphere. Disk-averaged SO abundances present a maximum mixing ratio of 15.0+/-3.1ppb on November 26 followed the next day by a minimum value of 9.9+/-1.2ppb. Due to a very low S/N, SO_2_ could only be derived from the disk-averaged spectrum on the first day of observation revealing an abundance of 16.5+/-4.6ppb. We found a SO_2_/SO ratio of 1.5+/-0.4. Global maps of SO reveal strong variations both with latitude and local time and from day to day with abundance ranging from <1 to 15ppb. H_2_O disk-averages retrievals reveal a steady decrease from November 14 to 27, with the abundance varying from 3.6+/-0.6ppm on the first day to 2.9+/-0.7ppm on the last day. H_2_O maps reveal a slightly higher abundance on the evening side compared to the morning side and a strong depletion between the first and the second day of observation.2017A&A...606A..53Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/606/A53CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/606/A53https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/606/A53http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/606/A53https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/606/A53https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/606/A53http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/606/A53GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/A+A/606/A53/listSummary of datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintObs.dateObservation date'Y:M:D'time.epoch;obsnullableMixSOSO mixing ratio at an altitude of 90km (in part per billion, ppb)phys.abundfloate_MixSOrms uncertainty on MixSO (in part per billion, ppb)stat.errorfloatASORetrieved disk-averaged abundance for SOmol.cm**-2phys.abunddoublee_ASOrms uncertainty on ASOmol.cm**-2stat.errordoubleSOmeanName of the file with retrieved disk-averaged abundance for SOmeta.id;phys.abund;meta.filecharSOIndName of the subdirectory with individual SO measurementsmeta.id;meta.maincharMixH2O? H_2_O mixing ratio at an altitude of 90km (in part per billion, ppb)phys.abundfloatnullablee_MixH2O? rms uncertainty on MixH2O (in part per billion, ppb)stat.errorfloatnullableAH2O? Retrieved disk-averaged abundance for H_2_Omol.cm**-2phys.abunddoublenullablee_AH2O? rms uncertainty on AH2Omol.cm**-2stat.errordoublenullableH2OmeanName of the file with Retrieved disk-averaged abundance for H_2_Ometa.id;phys.abund;meta.filecharH2OIndName of the subdirectory with individual H_2_O measurementsmeta.idcharMixSO2? SO_2_ mixing ratio at an altitude of 90km (in part per billion, ppb)phys.abundfloatnullablee_MixSO2? rms uncertainty on MixSO2 (in part per billion, ppb)stat.errorfloatnullableASO2? Retrieved disk-averaged abundance for SO_2_mol.cm**-2phys.abunddoublenullablee_ASO2? rms uncertainty on ASO2mol.cm**-2stat.errordoublenullableSO2meanName of the file with retrieved disk-averaged abundance for SO_2_meta.id;phys.abund;meta.filecharTmeanName of the file with average temperaturemeta.id;phys.temperature;meta.filecharTIndName of the subdirectory with individual temperature measurementsmeta.id;phys.temperaturecharJ/A+A/606/A53/so14novRetrieved disk-averaged abundance for SO obtained for 2011-11-14 set of observationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHeightHeightkmpos.cartesian.zdoubleMixMixing for the studied element (G1)(10-6)phys.abunddoublePPressurembarphys.pressuredoublee_PError on pressure%stat.errordoubleJ/A+A/606/A53/so15novRetrieved disk-averaged abundance for SO obtained for 2011-11-15 set of observationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHeightHeightkmpos.cartesian.zdoubleMixMixing for the studied element (G1)(10-6)phys.abunddoublePPressurembarphys.pressuredoublee_PError on pressure%stat.errordoubleJ/A+A/606/A53/so26novRetrieved disk-averaged abundance for SO obtained for 2011-11-26 set of observationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHeightHeightkmpos.cartesian.zdoubleMixMixing for the studied element (G1)(10-6)phys.abunddoublePPressurembarphys.pressuredoublee_PError on pressure%stat.errordoubleJ/A+A/606/A53/so27novRetrieved disk-averaged abundance for SO obtained for 2011-11-27 set of observationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHeightHeightkmpos.cartesian.zdoubleMixMixing for the studied element (G1)(10-6)phys.abunddoublePPressurembarphys.pressuredoublee_PError on pressure%stat.errordoubleJ/A+A/606/A53/hdo14novRetrieved disk-averaged abundance for H_2_O obtained for 2011-11-14 set of observationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHeightHeightkmpos.cartesian.zdoubleMixMixing for the studied element (G1)(10-6)phys.abunddoublePPressurembarphys.pressuredoublee_PError on pressure%stat.errordoubleJ/A+A/606/A53/hdo15novRetrieved disk-averaged abundance for H_2_O obtained for 2011-11-15 set of observationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHeightHeightkmpos.cartesian.zdoubleMixMixing for the studied element (G1)(10-6)phys.abunddoublePPressurembarphys.pressuredoublee_PError on pressure%stat.errordoubleJ/A+A/606/A53/hdo27novRetrieved H_2_O disk-averaged retrievals obtained for 2011-11-27 set of observationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHeightHeightkmpos.cartesian.zdoubleMixMixing for the studied element (G1)(10-6)phys.abunddoublePPressurembarphys.pressuredoublee_PError on pressure%stat.errordoubleJ/A+A/606/A53/so214novRetrieved disk-averaged abundance for SO_2_ obtained for 2011-11-14 set of observationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHeightHeightkmpos.cartesian.zdoubleMixMixing for the studied element (G1)(10-6)phys.abunddoublePPressurembarphys.pressuredoublee_PError on pressure%stat.errordoubleJ/A+A/606/A53/tem14novDisk averaged temperature obtained for 2011-11-14 set of observationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHeightHeightkmpos.cartesian.zdoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturefloatPPressurembarphys.pressuredoublee_TError on temperature%stat.errorfloatJ/A+A/606/A53/tem15novDisk averaged temperature obtained for 2011-11-15 set of observationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHeightHeightkmpos.cartesian.zdoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturefloatPPressurembarphys.pressuredoublee_TError on temperature%stat.errorfloatJ/A+A/606/A53/tem26novDisk averaged temperature obtained for 2011-11-26 set of observationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHeightHeightkmpos.cartesian.zdoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturefloatPPressurembarphys.pressuredoublee_TError on temperature%stat.errorfloatJ/A+A/606/A53/tem27novDisk averaged temperature obtained for 2011-11-27 set of observationTTemperatureKphys.temperaturefloatPPressurembarphys.pressuredoublee_TError on temperature%stat.errorfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHeightHeightkmpos.cartesian.zdouble