J/A+A/606/A31ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/606/A31doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-jy/ldbCDSKrticka J.Kubat J.2026-07-01T13:59:55Z2025-08-01T09:20:38ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frastronomical-modelsstellar-atmosphereso-starsstellar-mass-lossWe calculate global (unified) wind models of main-sequence, giant, and supergiant O stars from our Galaxy. The models are calculated by solving hydrodynamic, kinetic equilibrium (also known as NLTE) and comoving frame (CMF) radiative transfer equations from the (nearly) hydrostatic photosphere to the supersonic wind. For given stellar parameters, our models predict the photosphere and wind structure and in particular the wind mass-loss rates without any free parameters. Our predicted mass-loss rates are by a factor of 2-5 lower than the commonly used predictions. A possible cause of the difference is abandoning of the Sobolev approximation for the calculation of the radiative force, because our models agree with predictions of CMF NLTE radiative transfer codes. Our predicted mass-loss rates agree nicely with the mass-loss rates derived from observed near-infrared and X-ray line profiles and are slightly lower than mass-loss rates derived from combined UV and H{alpha} diagnostics. The empirical mass-loss rate estimates corrected for clumping may therefore be reconciled with theoretical predictions in such a way that the average ratio between individual mass-loss rate estimates is not higher than about 1.6. On the other hand, our predictions are by factor of 4.7 lower than pure H{alpha} mass-loss rate estimates and can be reconciled with these values only assuming a microclumping factor of at least eight.2017A&A...606A..31Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/606/A31CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/606/A31https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/606/A31http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/606/A31https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/606/A31https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/606/A31http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/606/A31GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/A+A/606/A31/table1Adopted parameters of the model gridrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeStar typesrc.classcharModelModel namemeta.id;stat.param;meta.modelledcharTeffStellar effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintR*Stellar radiussolRadphys.size.radiusfloatMStellar masssolMassphys.massfloatlogLStellar luminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatdM/dtVinkMass-loss rates derived using Vink et al. (2001A&A...369..574V) formula for Asplund et al. (2009ARA&A..47..481A) mass fraction of heavier elementssolMass/yrphys.mass.lossdoubleVinfPredicted terminal velocitykm/sphys.velocintdM/dtPredicted mass-loss ratesolMass/yrarith.ratedouble