J/A+A/603/A87ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/603/A87doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36030087CDSMarshall D.W.Hartogh P.Rezac L.von Allmen P.Biver N.,Bockelee-Morvan D.Crovisier J.Encrenaz P.Gulkis S.Hofstadter M.,Ip W.-H.Jarchow C.Lee S.Lellouch E.2018-09-25T13:15:07Z2017-07-11T07:55:11ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frcometsspectroscopyUsing spectroscopic and continuum data measured by the MIRO instrument on board Rosetta of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, it is possible to derive and track the change in the water production rate, to learn how the outgassing evolves with heliocentric distance. The MIRO data are well suited to investigate the evolution of 67P, in unprecedented spatial and temporal detail. To obtain estimates of the local effective Haser production rates we developed an efficient and reliable retrieval approach with precalculated lookup tables. We employed line area ratios (H_2_^16^O/H_2_^18^O) from pure nadir observations as the key variable, along with the Doppler shift velocity, and continuum temperature. This method was applied to the MIRO data from August 2014 until April 2016. Perihelion occurred on August 13, 2015 when the comet was 1.24AU from the Sun. During the perihelion approach, the water production rates increased by an order of magnitude, and from the observations, the derived maximum for a single observation on August 29, 2015 is (1.42+/-0.51)x10^28^. Modelling the data indicates that there is an offset in the peak outgassing, occurring 34+/-10 days after perihelion. During the pre-perihelion phase, the production rate changes with heliocentric distance as r_h_^-3.8+/-0.2^; during post- perihelion, the dependence is r_h_^-4.3+/-0.2^. The comet is calculated to have lost 0.12+/-0.06% of its mass during the perihelion passage, considering only water ice sublimation. Additionally, this method provides well- sampled data to determine the spatial distribution of outgassing versus heliocentric distance. The time evolution is definitely not uniform across the surface. Pre- and post-perihelion, the surface temperature on the southern hemisphere changes rapidly, as does the sublimation rate with an exponent of ~-6. There is a strong latitudinal dependence on the r_h_ exponent with significant variation between northern and southern hemispheres, and so the average over the comet surface may only be of limited importance. We present more detailed regional variation in the outgassing, thereby demonstrating that the highest derived production rates originate from the Wosret, Neith, and Bes regions during perihelion.2017A&A...603A..87Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/603/A87CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/A+A/520/A92 : Comet 67P global plasma parameter simulation (Gortsas+ 2010)J/A+A/527/A113 : 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko R-band light curve (Tubiana+ 2011)J/A+A/548/A12 : 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko R-band light curve (Lowry+, 2012)J/MNRAS/462/S138 : Robotic view of 67P perihelion (Snodgrass+, 2016)J/A+A/600/A3 : Comet ion acoustic waves code (Gunell+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/603/A87https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/603/A87http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/603/A87https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/603/A87https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/603/A87http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/603/A87GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/A+A/603/A87/miroq17Production rate Q data from MIROrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDateDate and time of observation (YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss)stime.epoch;obsnullableRhHeliocentric distance of cometAUpos.distance;pos.heliocentricdoubleRegionRegion defined by El-Maary et al. (2016A&A...593A.110E)meta.notecharQLocal production rate (in molecule/s)s**-1stat.paramdoublee_QError on local production rate (in molecule/s)s**-1stat.errordouble