J/A+A/601/A117ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/601/A117doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36010117CDSGillon M.Demory B.-O.Lovis C.Deming D.Ehrenreich D.Lo Curto G.,Mayor M.Pepe F.Queloz D.Seager S.Segransan D.Udry S.2022-05-05T08:26:12Z2017-05-16T07:31:16ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.freclipsing-binary-starssolar-system-planetsinfrared-photometryradial-velocityShort-period super-Earths and Neptunes are now known to be very frequent around solar-type stars. Improving our understanding of these mysterious planets requires the detection of a significant sample of objects suitable for detailed characterization. Searching for the transits of the low-mass planets detected by Doppler surveys is a straightforward way to achieve this goal. Indeed, Doppler surveys target the most nearby main-sequence stars, they regularly detect close-in low-mass planets with significant transit probability, and their radial velocity data constrain strongly the ephemeris of possible transits. In this context, we initiated in 2010 an ambitious Spitzer multi-Cycle transit search project that targeted 25 low-mass planets detected by radial velocity, focusing mainly on the shortest-period planets detected by the HARPS spectrograph. We report here null results for 19 targets of the project. For 16 planets out of 19, a transiting configuration is strongly disfavored or firmly rejected by our data for most planetary compositions.We derive a posterior probability of 83% that none of the probed 19 planets transits (for a prior probability of 22%), which still leaves a significant probability of 17% that at least one of them does transit. Globally, our Spitzer project revealed or confirmed transits for three of its 25 targeted planets, and discarded or disfavored the transiting nature of 20 of them. Our light curves demonstrate for Warm Spitzer excellent photometric precisions: for 14 targets out of 19, we were able to reach standard deviations that were better than 50ppm per 30 min intervals. Combined with its Earth-trailing orbit, which makes it capable of pointing any star in the sky and to monitor it continuously for days, this work confirms Spitzer as an optimal instrument to detect sub-mmag-deep transits on the bright nearby stars targeted by Doppler surveys.2017A&A...601A.117Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/601/A117CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/518/A25 : Transits of HD40307b by Spitzer (Gillon+, 2010)J/A+A/528/A111 : GJ3634 radial velocity and 4.5um flux (Bonfils+, 2011)J/A+A/533/A114 : Transit of super-Earth 55 Cnc e (Demory+, 2011)J/A+A/539/A28 : New transit photometry for super-Earth 55 Cnc e (Gillon+ 2012)J/A+A/584/A72 : Transiting rocky planet at 6.5pc from the Sun (Motalebi+ 2015)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/601/A117https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/601/A117http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/601/A117https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/601/A117https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/601/A117http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/601/A117GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/601/A117/table1 (24 of the 25 planets targeted by our Spitzer multi-cycle transit search)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/601/A117/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/601/A117/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/601/A117/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true88.5176708-60.023470.0055555555555555566/5009 14278 17266 20072 20593 20746 21121 21473 24924 28400 30833 32986 33091 33510 33705 33813 35954 38311 38742 38975 41752 44740 45717 462157.952274030004205e-20 1.0188844282367877e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/601/A117?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/601/A117/table124 of the 25 planets targeted by our Spitzer multi-cycle transit searchKmagK magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPlanetPlanet name (1)meta.id;meta.maincharr_PlanetReference (4)meta.ref;pos.framecharMsStar masssolMassphys.massfloatdDistancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatMpsiniPlanet mass (Mp*sini)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloatDet1? Mean transit detection threshold in part per million (2)(10-6)instr.sensitivityintnullablen_Det1[a] Note when not applicable (3)meta.notecharDet2? Mean transit detection threshold in Earth radius (2)(6.3781x10+6m)instr.sensitivityfloatnullableradPFTheoretical radius corresponding to a pure-iron composition(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radius;phys.compositionfloatradElTheoretical radius corresponding to an Earth-like composition(6.3781x10+6m)phys.size.radius;phys.compositionfloatPPriorA priori (geometric) transit probabilities for the planet, P(tr)%stat.fit.goodnessfloatPPostA posteriori (after observation) transit probabilities for the planet, P(tr,D)%stat.fit.goodnessfloatVCShow the radial velocity curvemeta.ref.urlcharLCShow the Spitzer light curvesmeta.ref.urlcharPer? Perioddtime.perioddoublenullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchare_Per? rms uncertainty on Perdstat.errordoublenullableFileName1Name of the file with Spitzer photometry (AOR 1) or general in no other files in subdirectory photmeta.id;phot;meta.filecharFileName2Name of the file with Spitzer photometry (AOR 2) in subdirectory photmeta.id;phot;meta.filecharFileName3Name of the file with Spitzer photometry (AOR 3) in subdirectory photmeta.id;phot;meta.filechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/601/A117/rvRadial velocitiesNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharlogR'(HK)? logR'(HK) activity indicatorphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullableInstInstrument (2)meta.id;instrcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian date (BJD-2450000) (TDB)dtime.epochdoubleRV? Absolute radial velocity (1)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublenullabledRV? Relative radial velocity (1)km/sspect.dopplerVelocdoublenullablee_RVrms uncertainty on RV or dRVkm/sstat.errordoubleFWHM? FWHM span of the CCFkm/sspect.line.widthdoublenullableContrast? Contrast span of the CCFkm/sphys.velocfloatnullableSpan? Bisector span of the CCFkm/sphys.velocdoublenullable