J/A+A/595/A104ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/595/A104doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35950104CDSArlt R.Senthamizh Pavai V.Schmiel C.Spada F.2016-11-08T09:49:06Z2016-11-08T10:29:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frthe-sunDigital images of observations printed in the books Rosa Ursina sive solis and Prodromus pro Sole mobili by Christoph Scheiner, as well as the drawings from Scheiner's letters to Marcus Welser, are analysed to obtain information on the positions and sizes of sunspots that appeared before the Maunder minimum. In most cases, the given orientation of the ecliptic is used to set up the heliographic coordinate system for the drawings. Positions and sizes are measured manually on screen. Very early drawings have no indication of their orientation. A rotational matching using common spots of adjacent days is used in some cases, while in other cases, the assumption that images were aligned with a zenith-horizon coordinate system appeared to be the most probable.2016A&A...595A.104Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/595/A104CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toVI/138 : Sunspots catalogues, 1853-1870 (Casas+, 2013)J/A+A/390/707 : Hemispheric Sunspot Numbers 1975-2000 (Temmer+, 2002)J/A+A/447/735 : Hemispheric Sunspot Numbers 1945-2004 (Temmer+, 2006)J/A+A/584/A73 : Sunspot areas and tilt angles (Senthamizh Pavai+, 2015)http://www.aip.de/Members/rarlt/sunspots : Sunspot and tilt angle databaseshttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/595/A104https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/595/A104http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/595/A104https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/595/A104https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/595/A104http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/595/A104GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/A+A/595/A104/areaSunspot positions and areasrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDateObservation date (YYYY MM DD) day referring to the civil calendar running from midnight to midnight, Gregorian calendartime.epochnullableTimeObservation time in mean local time at the observer's location (HH MM) typically accurate to 15 minutestime.epochnullableT[0/2] Indicates how accurate the time is (1)meta.code.qualintHLON0Heliographic longitude of apparent disk centre seen from Rome (L0)degpos.framefloatHLAT0Heliographic latitude of apparent disk centre seen from Rome (B0)degpos.framefloatCMD? Central meridian distance, difference in longitude from disk centre (2)degpos.angDistancefloatnullableHLON? Heliographic longitude in the Carrington rotation frame (LLL.L) (2)degpos.framefloatnullableHLAT? Heliographic latitude, southern latitudes are negative (BBB.B) (2)degpos.framefloatnullableM[AEHQ] Method of determining the orientation (3)pos.angDistancecharQ[0/4] Subjective quality (4)meta.code.qualintSSSize estimate in 13 classes running from 1 to 13 (5)phys.size.diameterintGroupArbitrary group name; the order of numbers has no meaningmeta.idcharMeasurerLast name of person who obtained positionobs.observercharHLONM? Model longitude from rotational matching (only spots used for matching have this) (MOD_L)degpos.framefloatnullableHLATM? Model latitude from rotational matching (only spots used for matching have this) (MOD_B)degpos.framefloatnullableSigma? Total residual of model positions compared with measurements of reference spots in rotational matching (only spots used for the matching have this). Holds for entire daydegstat.fit.residualfloatnullabledelta? Heliocentric angle between the spot and the apparent disk centre in degrees (disk-centre distance)(2)degstat.fit.dof;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableUmb? Umbral area in millionths of the solar hemisphere (MSH), corrected for foreshortening (2)phys.angSizeintnullableA[!-] Flag for highly uncertain area (6)pos.angDistancecharJ/A+A/595/A104/tiltTilt angles of the sunspot groups with two or more spotsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintDateObservation date (YYY MMDD) day referring to the civil calendar running from midnight to midnight, Gregorian calendartime.epochnullableTimeObservation time in mean local time at the observer's location (HH MM) typically accurate to 15 minutestime.epochnullableGroupArbitrary group name; the order of numbers has no meaningmeta.idcharSPNumber of spots in a groupmeta.numberintARASum of umbral area of all spots in a group, in millionths of the solar hemisphere (MSH)phys.angSizeintHLONAArea-weighted heliographic longitude of the group (AWL.L)degpos.framefloatHLATAArea-weighted heliographic latitude of the group (AWB.B)degpos.framefloatTiltAnTilt angle of the group (1)degpos.posAngfloatTiltHoTilt angle computed as in Howard (1991, Sol. Phys., 136, 251) for compatibility reasons (2)degpos.posAngfloatPolSPPolarity separation of the group in degrees on the solar sphere (3)degpos.angDistance;pos.lgfloatFNNumber of spots in the following polaritymeta.numberintLNNumber of spots in the leading polaritymeta.numberintFARUmbral area of the following polarity, in MSHphys.angSizeintLARUmbral area of the leading polarity, in MSHphys.angSizeintHLONFArea-weighted longitude of the following polarity (FLL.L) (3)degpos.framefloatHLATFArea-weighted latitude of the following polarity (FBB.B) (3)degpos.framefloatHLONLArea-weighted longitude of the leading polarity (LLL.L) (3)degpos.framefloatHLATLArea-weighted latitude of the leading polarity (BBB.B) (3)degpos.framefloatGFCHeliocentric distance of the group from the disk centre in degreesdegphys.angSize;pos.lg;pos.heliocentricfloat