J/A+A/593/A38ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/593/A38doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35930038CDSBonavita M.Desidera S.Thalmann C.Janson M.Vigan A.Chauvin G.,Lannier J.2018-06-05T12:08:51Z2016-12-05T13:20:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsspectroscopic-binary-starssolar-system-planetsA large number of direct imaging surveys for exoplanets have been performed in recent years, yielding the first directly imaged planets and providing constraints on the prevalence and distribution of wide planetary systems. However, like most of the radial velocity ones, these generally focus on single stars, hence binaries and higher-order multiples have not been studied to the same level of scrutiny. This motivated the Search for Planets Orbiting Two Stars (SPOTS) survey, which is an ongoing direct imaging study of a large sample of close binaries, started with VLT/NACO and now continuing with VLT/SPHERE. To complement this survey, we have identified the close binary targets in 24 published direct imaging surveys. Here we present our statistical analysis of this combined body of data. We analysed a sample of 117 tight binary systems, using a combined Monte Carlo and Bayesian approach to derive the expected values of the frequency of companions, for different values of the companion's semi-major axis. Our analysis suggest that the frequency of sub-stellar companions in wide orbit is moderately low (=>13% with a best value of 6% at 95% confidence level) and not significantly different between single stars and tight binaries. One implication of this result is that the very high frequency of circumbinary planets in wide orbits around post-common envelope binaries, implied by eclipse timing, cannot be uniquely due to planets formed before the common-envelope phase (first generation planets), supporting instead the second generation planet formation or a non-Keplerian origin of the timing variations.2016A&A...593A..38Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/593/A38CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/593/A38https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/593/A38http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/593/A38https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/593/A38https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/593/A38http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/593/A38GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/593/A38/tableb1 (CBIN sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/593/A38/tableb1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/593/A38/tableb1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/593/A38/tableb1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true3.03166667-15.84250.0055555555555555566/129 368 472 474 815 1048 1077 1182 1704 2374 2534 2660 4468 5677 5819 6340 6410 8687 10203 10905 12092 12467 14266 16993 17169 21386 22148 22773 22856 22917 23388 23870 24203 24629 25077 25745 26133 26240 26753 27322 27574 30484 32211 32617 33116 33464 34266 34338 34781 34920 34971 35018 35149 35950 36129 36139 36379 36487 36956 37012-37013 37616 37647 38054 38147 38359 38714 39023 39692 39829 41295 41481 41798 42021 42913 42924 42932 42943 42948 42990 43104 43129 43150 43571 44067 44305 44313 44317 44333 44356 44360 44364 44366 44385 44388-44389 44400 44502 45429 45475 45492 45538 45746 45944 45964 46709 47706 47904 47910 47943 48589 49019https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/593/A38?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/593/A38/tableb1CBIN sampleSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharHmag? H magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableSpTypeMK spectral typesrc.spTypecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeqSequentail numbermeta.id;meta.mainintStarStar namemeta.idcharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDistDistancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatn_Dist[n] Note on Dist not explained in the papermeta.notecharAgeAgeMyrtime.ageintMAMass of component AsolMassphys.massfloatl_MB[~ <>] Limit flag on MBmeta.code.errorcharMB? Mass of component BsolMassphys.massfloatnullablel_rho[<= ~] Limit flag on rhometa.code.errorcharrho? Angular separationarcsecpos.angDistancedoublenullablel_Per[~] Limit flag on Permeta.code.errorcharPer? Periodmeta.notedoublenullablex_Per[yr d] Period unitmeta.unitcharl_Ecc[~] Limit flag on Eccmeta.code.errorcharEcc? Eccentricitysrc.orbital.eccentricityfloatnullablel_acrit[<= ~] Limit flag on acritmeta.code.errorcharacritLimit for the presence of circumbinary planetAUpos.distance;src.orbitalfloatRefReferences, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;meta.filecharJ/A+A/593/A38/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.notecharBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharComCommentsmeta.notechar