J/A+A/588/A29ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/588/A29doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35880029CDSHeyer M.Gutermuth R.Urquhart J.S.Csengeri T.Wienen M.Leurini S.,Menten K.Wyrowski F.2018-05-02T08:42:46Z2016-03-14T07:59:57ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyyoung-stellar-objectsstellar-massesinterstellar-mediumNewborn stars form within the localized, high density regions of molecular clouds. The sequence and rate at which stars form in dense clumps and the dependence on local and global environments are key factors in developing descriptions of stellar production in galaxies. We seek to observationally constrain the rate and latency of star formation in dense massive clumps that are distributed throughout the Galaxy and to compare these results to proposed prescriptions for stellar production. A sample of 24 micron based Class I protostars are linked to dust clumps that are embedded within molecular clouds selected from the APEX Telescope Large Area Survey of the Galaxy. We determine the fraction of star-forming clumps that imposes a constraint on the latency of star formation in units of a clump's lifetime. Protostellar masses are estimated from models of circumstellar environments of young stellar objects from which star formation rates are derived. Physical properties of the clumps are calculated from 870 micron dust continuum emission and NH_3_ line emission. Linear correlations are identified between the star formation rate surface density, Sigma_SFR and the quantities Sigma_H2/tau_ff and Sigma_H2/tau_cross, suggesting that star formation is regulated at the local scales of molecular clouds. The measured fraction of star forming clumps is 23%. Accounting for star formation within clumps that are excluded from our sample due to 24 micron saturation, this fraction can be as high as 31%, which is similar to previous results. Dense, massive clumps form primarily low mass (<1-2M_{sun}_) stars with emergent 24 micron fluxes below our sensitivity limit or are incapable of forming any stars for the initial 70% of their lifetimes. The low fraction of star forming clumps in the Galactic center relative to those located in the disk of the Milky Way is verified.2016A&A...588A..29Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/588/A29CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/549/A45 : ATLASGAL Compact Source Catalog: 330<l<21 (Contreras+, 2013)J/A+A/568/A41 : ATLASGAL Compact Source Catalog: 280<l<60 (Urquhart+, 2014)J/AJ/149/64 : MIPSGAL 24{mu}m point source catalog (Gutermuth+, 2015)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/588/A29https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/588/A29http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/588/A29https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/588/A29https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/588/A29http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/588/A29GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/588/A29/table2 (Protostellar mass and errors)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/588/A29/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/588/A29/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/588/A29/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true269.38359-24.651550.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/588/A29/table4 (Properties of non star forming ATLASGAL clumps)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/588/A29/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/588/A29/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/588/A29/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true269.18737-24.594370.0055555555555555565/7278 7383 7564 10453 10543 10556 10614 6/12971 14337 28802 28807-28810 28812-28813 28824 28901 28912-28913 28915-28916 28918-28919 29090-29091 29094 29097 29100-29101 29103 29116 29118-29119 29162 29460-29461 29504-29505 29507-29508 29510-29511 29522 29526 29529 30216 30218-30219 30241 30244-30245 30262-30263 30268-30269 30312 30315 30317-30319 30330 30417 30420-30422 30594-30595 30601 30604 30619 30622 30644 30695 30707 30710 30712-30713 30715 30719 41599 41655 41657 41661 41676 41678 41682 41696 41766-41767 41769 41780 41801-41802 41804-41805 41817 41820 41825 42159 42169-42171 42207 42211 42213-42217 42228 42378-42379 42381-42382 42387 42390 42392-42393 42396-42397 42434 42440-42441 42444 42450-42451 42455 42460-42461 42496-42497 42499-42501 42512 43014 43024https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/588/A29?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/588/A29/table2Protostellar mass and errorsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintMIPSGALMIPSGAL name (MGLLL.llll+BB.bbbb)phys.masscharATLASGALATLASGAL name (AGALLLL.lll+BB.bbb)meta.id;meta.maincharLIRInfrared luminositysolLumphys.luminosity;em.IRdoubleMstarProtostellar MasssolMassphys.massfloatMlow2Protostellar Mass at -2sigmasolMassphys.massfloatMlow1Protostellar Mass at -1sigmasolMassphys.massfloatMhigh1Protostellar Mass at +1sigmasolMassphys.massfloatMhigh2Protostellar Mass at +2sigmasolMassphys.massfloatallDisplay data from tables 2 and 3meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition from ATLASGAL Compact Source Catalog: 280<l<60 (Urquhart et al, 2014, Cat. J/A+A/568/A41 (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEPosition from ATLASGAL Compact Source Catalog: 280<l<60 (Urquhart et al, 2014, Cat. J/A+A/568/A41 (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/A+A/588/A29/table3Properties of star forming ATLASGAL clumpsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintATLASGALATLASGAL name (AGALLLL.lll+BB.bbb)meta.id;meta.maincharDistDistance (G1)kpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloate_Dist1 sigma distance errorkpcstat.errorfloatr_Dist[1/2] Reference for Dist (G2)meta.ref;pos.frameintMClumpClump masssolMassphys.massinte_MClump1 sigma MClump errorsolMassstat.errorintSigmaH2Clump mass surface densitysolMass.pc**-2phys.densityinte_SigmaH21 sigma SigmaH2 errorsolMass.pc**-2stat.errorintSigmaSFRSFR surface density (1)solMass.pc**-2.Myr**-1phys.densityinte_SigmaSFR1 sigma SigmaSFR errorsolMass.pc**-2.Myr**-1stat.errorintMcorrMimf/Mstar,Tphys.mass;arith.ratiointnclumpClump mean density10000cm**-3src.densityfloattauffClump free-fall time1e+06yrtime.epochfloattauorbClump orbital time1e+06yrtime.epochinttaucrossClump crossing time (G3)1e+06yrtime.epochfloatallDisplay data from tables 2 and 3meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/588/A29/table4Properties of non star forming ATLASGAL clumpsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintATLASGALATLASGAL Namemeta.id;meta.maincharDistDistance (G1)kpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloate_Dist1 sigma Dist errorkpcstat.errorfloatr_Dist[1/2] Reference for Distance (G2)meta.ref;pos.frameintMClumpClump MasssolMassphys.massinte_MClump1 sigma MClump errorsolMassstat.errorintSigmaH2Clump Mass surface densitysolMass.pc**-2phys.densityinte_SigmaH21 sigma SigmaH2 errorsolMass.pc**-2stat.errorintSigmaSFRlim2 sigma upper limit SFR surface densitysolMass.pc**-2.Myr**-1phys.densityintnclumpClump mean density10000cm**-3src.densityfloattauffClump free-fall time1e+06yrtime.epochfloattauorbClump orbital time1e+06yrtime.epochinttaucrossClump crossing time (G3)1e+06yrtime.epochfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition from ATLASGAL Compact Source Catalog: 280<l<60 (Urquhart et al, 2014, Cat. J/A+A/568/A41 (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEPosition from ATLASGAL Compact Source Catalog: 280<l<60 (Urquhart et al, 2014, Cat. J/A+A/568/A41 (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullable