J/A+A/587/A67ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/587/A67doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35870067CDSLendl M.Delrez L.Gillon M.Madhusudhan N.Jehin E.Queloz D.,Anderson D.R.Demory B.-O.Hellier C.2017-07-05T06:59:34Z2016-02-18T14:41:41ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starssolar-system-planetsphotometryTransmission spectroscopy has proven to be a useful tool for the study of exoplanet atmospheres, because the absorption and scattering signatures of the atmosphere manifest themselves as variations in the planetary transit depth. Several planets have been studied with this technique, leading to the detection of a small number of elements and molecules (Na, K, H_2_O), but also revealing that many planets show flat transmission spectra consistent with the presence of opaque high-altitude clouds. We apply this technique to the Mp=0.40 M_jup_, Rp=1.20R_jup_, P=2.78d planet WASP-49b, aiming to characterize its transmission spectrum between 0.73 and 1um and search for the features of K and H_2_O. Owing to its density and temperature, the planet is predicted to possess an extended atmosphere and is thus a good target for transmission spectroscopy. Three transits of WASP-49b have been observed with the FORS2 instrument installed at the VLT/UT1 telescope at the ESO Paranal site. We used FORS2 in MXU mode with grism GRIS_600z, producing simultaneous multiwavelength transit light curves throughout the i' and z' bands. We combined these data with independent broadband photometry from the Euler and TRAPPIST telescopes to obtain a good measurement of the transit shape. Strong correlated noise structures are present in the FORS2 light curves, which are due to rotating flat-field structures that are introduced by inhomogeneities of the linear atmospheric dispersion corrector's transparency. We accounted for these structures by constructing common noise models from the residuals of light curves bearing the same noise structures and used them together with simple parametric models to infer the transmission spectrum. We present three independent transmission spectra of WASP-49b between 0.73 and 1.02um, as well as a transmission spectrum between 0.65 and 1.02um from the combined analysis of FORS2 and broadband data. The results obtained from the three individual epochs agree well. The transmission spectrum of WASP-49b is best fit by atmospheric models containing a cloud deck at pressure levels of 1mbar or lower.2016A&A...587A..67Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/587/A67CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/A+A/544/A72 : WASP-42 and WASP-49 photometry and velocities (Lendl+, 2012)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/587/A67https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/587/A67http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/587/A67https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/587/A67https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/587/A67http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/587/A67GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_08FORS2 798-808nm spectrophotometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_27FORS2 988-1000nm spectrophotometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. 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Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_22FORS2 938-948nm spectrophotometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_03FORS2 758-768nm spectrophotometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_17FORS2 888-898nm spectrophotometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_18FORS2 898-908nm spectrophotometrySkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_14FORS2 858-868nm spectrophotometryAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_20FORS2 918-928nm spectrophotometrySkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. 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Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_09FORS2 808-818nm spectrophotometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_12FORS2 838-848nm spectrophotometryFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/broadbBroadband photometryFiltFiltermeta.id;instr.filtercharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. 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Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_06FORS2 765-773nm spectrophotometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_13FORS2 848-858nm spectrophotometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_02FORS2 748-758nm spectrophotometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_25FORS2 968-978nm spectrophotometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_04FORS2 768-778nm spectrophotometryFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_28FORS2 1000-1020nm spectrophotometryFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_07FORS2 788-798nm spectrophotometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_01FORS2 738-748nm spectrophotometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_11FORS2 828-838nm spectrophotometryFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_26FORS2 978-988nm spectrophotometryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubleFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatJ/A+A/587/A67/fors2_15FORS2 868-878nm spectrophotometryFluxNormalized Fluxphot.flux;arith.ratiodoubleSkySky level (Flux)instr.skyLevelfloatAMAirmassobs.airMassfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintHJDHeliocentric Julian Date (HJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoublee_FluxNormalized Flux errorstat.error;phot.fluxdoubleFWHMSpectrum full width at half maximumpixspect.line.widthfloatParParallactic angledegpos.posAngfloatExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloat