J/A+A/587/A153ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/587/A153doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35870153CDSMeingast S.Alves J.Mardones D.Teixeira P.S.Lombardi M.,Grosschedl J.Ascenso J.Bouy H.Forbrich J.Goodman A.Hacar A.,Hasenberger B.Kainulainen J.Kubiak K.Lada C.Lada E.Moitinho A.,Petr-gotzens M.Rodrigues L.Roman-zuniga C.G.2018-05-23T07:15:43Z2016-11-14T09:31:58ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinfrared-sourcesinfrared-photometrysurveysOrion A hosts the nearest massive star factory, thus offering a unique opportunity to resolve the processes connected with the formation of both low- and high-mass stars. Here we present the most detailed and sensitive near-infrared (NIR) observations of the entire molecular cloud to date. With the unique combination of high image quality, survey coverage, and sensitivity, our NIR survey of Orion A aims at establishing a solid empirical foundation for further studies of this important cloud. In this first paper we present the observations, data reduction, and source catalog generation. To demonstrate the data quality, we present a first application of our catalog to estimate the number of stars currently forming inside Orion A and to verify the existence of a more evolved young foreground population. We used the European Southern Observatory's (ESO) Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) to survey the entire Orion A molecular cloud in the NIR J, H, and K_S_ bands, covering a total of ~18.3deg^2^. We implemented all data reduction recipes independently of the ESO pipeline. Estimates of the young populations toward Orion A are derived via the K_S_-band luminosity function. Our catalog (799995 sources) increases the source counts compared to the Two Micron All Sky Survey by about an order of magnitude. The 90% completeness limits are 20.4, 19.9, and 19.0mag in J, H, and K_S_, respectively. The reduced images have 20% better resolution on average compared to pipeline products. We find between 2300 and 3000 embedded objects in Orion A and confirm that there is an extended foreground population above the Galactic field, in agreement with previous work. The Orion A VISTA catalog represents the most detailed NIR view of the nearest massive star-forming region and provides a fundamental basis for future studies of star formation processes toward Orion.2016A&A...587A.153Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/587/A153CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/587/A153https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/587/A153http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/587/A153https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/587/A153https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/587/A153http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/587/A153GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/587/A153/science (*Orion A photometry)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/587/A153/science?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/587/A153/science?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/587/A153/science?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true81.86838611-4.048706940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/587/A153/control (Control field photometry)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/587/A153/control?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/587/A153/control?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/587/A153/control?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true93.68929306-27.009006110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/587/A153/yso (New YSO candidates identified in VISION)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/587/A153/yso?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/587/A153/yso?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/587/A153/yso?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true82.862875-4.466483890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/587/A153/galaxy (New galaxy cluster candidates in VISION)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/587/A153/galaxy?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/587/A153/galaxy?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/587/A153/galaxy?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true85.18333306-9.965556110.0055555555555555565/5172 5350 5356-5357 5359 5701 6/20602-20603 20692 21381 21383 21389 21391-21392 21394 21404 21406 21433 21435 21480 21482 22801 22812-22813 22848 22850-22851 228567.952274030004205e-20 1.7798557115773645e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/587/A153?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/587/A153/science*Orion A photometryJCov? Number of exposures J bandmeta.numberintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintVISIONVISION source identifier, HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs (1)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000.0)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000Declination (J2000.0)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedJmag? J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag? J band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableHmag? H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag? H band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableKsmag? Ks band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ksmag? Ks band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableClassCog[0/1] Curve of growth morphology classmeta.codeintClassSexSextractor morphology classmeta.code.classfloatJMJD? Effective MJD J banddtime.epochdoublenullableHMJD? Effective MJD H banddtime.epochdoublenullableKsMJD? Effective MJD Ks banddtime.epochdoublenullableJExpTime? Effective exposure time J bandstime.duration;obs.exposure;em.IR.JintnullableHExpTime? Effective exposure time H bandstime.duration;obs.exposure;em.IR.HintnullableKsExpTime? Effective exposure time Ks bandstime.duration;obs.exposureintnullableJFWHM? Source FWHM J bandarcsecphys.angSize;em.IR.JfloatnullableHFWHM? Source FWHM H bandarcsecphys.angSize;em.IR.HfloatnullableKsFWHM? Source FWHM Ks bandarcsecinstr.bandwidthfloatnullableJSeeing? Local seeing conditions J bandarcsecinstr.obsty.seeingfloatnullableHSeeing? Local seeing conditions H bandarcsecinstr.obsty.seeingfloatnullableKsSeeing? Local seeing conditions Ks bandarcsecinstr.obsty.seeingfloatnullableHCov? Number of exposures H bandmeta.numberintnullableKsCov? Number of exposures Ks bandmeta.numberintnullableJaper? Aperture radius J bandarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullableHaper? Aperture radius H bandarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullableKsaper? Aperture radius Ks bandarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullableJ2massId2MASS identifier J bandmeta.idcharH2massId2MASS identifier H bandmeta.idcharKs2massId2MASS identifier Ks bandmeta.idcharJoriginCatalog origin J band (VISION or 2MASS)meta.id;meta.datasetcharHoriginCatalog origin H band (VISION or 2MASS)meta.id;meta.datasetcharKsoriginCatalog origin Ks band (VISION or 2MASS)meta.id;meta.datasetcharJ/A+A/587/A153/controlControl field photometryJMJD? Effective MJD J banddtime.epochdoublenullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintVISIONVISION source identifier, HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs (1)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000.0)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainindexedDEJ2000Declination (J2000.0)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainindexedJmag? J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag? J band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableHmag? H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag? H band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableKsmag? Ks band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ksmag? Ks band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableClassCog[0/1] Curve of growth morphology classmeta.codeintClassSexSextractor morphology classmeta.code.classfloatHMJD? Effective MJD H banddtime.epochdoublenullableKsMJD? Effective MJD Ks banddtime.epochdoublenullableJExpTime? Effective exposure time J bandstime.duration;obs.exposure;em.IR.JintnullableHExpTime? Effective exposure time H bandstime.duration;obs.exposure;em.IR.HintnullableKsExpTime? Effective exposure time Ks bandstime.duration;obs.exposureintnullableJFWHM? Source FWHM J bandarcsecphys.angSize;em.IR.JfloatnullableHFWHM? Source FWHM H bandarcsecphys.angSize;em.IR.HfloatnullableKsFWHM? Source FWHM Ks bandarcsecinstr.bandwidthfloatnullableJSeeing? Local seeing conditions J bandarcsecinstr.obsty.seeingfloatnullableHSeeing? Local seeing conditions H bandarcsecinstr.obsty.seeingfloatnullableKsSeeing? Local seeing conditions Ks bandarcsecinstr.obsty.seeingfloatnullableJCov? Number of exposures J bandmeta.numberintnullableHCov? Number of exposures H bandmeta.numberintnullableKsCov? Number of exposures Ks bandmeta.numberintnullableJaper? Aperture radius J bandarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullableHaper? Aperture radius H bandarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullableKsaper? Aperture radius Ks bandarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullableJ2massId2MASS identifier J bandmeta.idcharH2massId2MASS identifier H bandmeta.idcharKs2massId2MASS identifier Ks bandmeta.idcharJoriginCatalog origin J band (VISION or 2MASS)meta.id;meta.datasetcharHoriginCatalog origin H band (VISION or 2MASS)meta.id;meta.datasetcharKsoriginCatalog origin Ks band (VISION or 2MASS)meta.id;meta.datasetcharJ/A+A/587/A153/ysoNew YSO candidates identified in VISIONrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintVISIONVISION source identifier, HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs (1)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000.0)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000.0)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJmag? J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag? J band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableHmag? H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag? H band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableKsmag? Ks band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ksmag? Ks band magnitude errormagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableClassCog[0/1] Curve of growth morphology classmeta.codeintClassSexSextractor morphology classmeta.code.classfloatJMJD? Effective MJD J banddtime.epochdoublenullableHMJD? Effective MJD H banddtime.epochdoublenullableKsMJD? Effective MJD Ks banddtime.epochdoublenullableJExpTime? Effective exposure time J bandstime.duration;obs.exposure;em.IR.JintnullableHExpTime? Effective exposure time H bandstime.duration;obs.exposure;em.IR.HintnullableKsExpTime? Effective exposure time Ks bandstime.duration;obs.exposureintnullableJFWHM? Source FWHM J bandarcsecphys.angSize;em.IR.JfloatnullableHFWHM? Source FWHM H bandarcsecphys.angSize;em.IR.HfloatnullableKsFWHM? Source FWHM Ks bandarcsecinstr.bandwidthfloatnullableJSeeing? Local seeing conditions J bandarcsecinstr.obsty.seeingfloatnullableHSeeing? Local seeing conditions H bandarcsecinstr.obsty.seeingfloatnullableKsSeeing? Local seeing conditions Ks bandarcsecinstr.obsty.seeingfloatnullableJCov? Number of exposures J bandmeta.numberintnullableHCov? Number of exposures H bandmeta.numberintnullableKsCov? Number of exposures Ks bandmeta.numberintnullableJaper? Aperture radius J bandarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullableHaper? Aperture radius H bandarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullableKsaper? Aperture radius Ks bandarcsecphys.angSize;srcfloatnullableJ2massId2MASS identifier J bandmeta.idcharH2massId2MASS identifier H bandmeta.idcharKs2massId2MASS identifier Ks bandmeta.idcharJoriginCatalog origin J band (VISION or 2MASS)meta.id;meta.datasetcharHoriginCatalog origin H band (VISION or 2MASS)meta.id;meta.datasetcharKsoriginCatalog origin Ks band (VISION or 2MASS)meta.id;meta.datasetcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/587/A153/galaxyNew galaxy cluster candidates in VISIONrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameGalaxy cluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000.0)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000.0)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar