J/A+A/586/A75ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/586/A75doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35860075CDSSalz M.Czesla S.Schneider P.C.Schmitt J.H.M.M.2020-04-23T11:47:06Z2016-01-27T16:36:30ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frastronomical-modelsstellar-atmospheresmultiple-starssolar-system-planetsAbsorption of high-energy radiation in planetary thermospheres is generally believed to lead to the formation of planetary winds. The resulting mass-loss rates can affect the evolution, particularly of small gas planets. We present 1D, spherically symmetric hydrodynamic simulations of the escaping atmospheres of 18 hot gas planets in the solar neighborhood. Our sample only includes strongly irradiated planets, whose expanded atmospheres may be detectable via transit spectroscopy using current instrumentation. The simulations were performed with the PLUTO-CLOUDY interface, which couples a detailed photoionization and plasma simulation code with a general MHD code. We study the thermospheric escape and derive improved estimates for the planetary mass-loss rates. Our simulations reproduce the temperature-pressure profile measured via sodium D absorption in HD 189733 b, but show still unexplained differences in the case of HD 209458 b. In contrast to general assumptions, we find that the gravitationally more tightly bound thermospheres of massive and compact planets, such as HAT-P-2 b are hydrodynamically stable. Compact planets dispose of the radiative energy input through hydrogen Ly alpha and free-free emission. Radiative cooling is also important in HD 189733 b, but it decreases toward smaller planets like GJ 436 b. Computing the planetary Ly alpha absorption and emission signals from the simulations, we find that the strong and cool winds of smaller planets mainly cause strong Ly alpha absorption but little emission. Compact and massive planets with hot, stable thermospheres cause small absorption signals but are strong Ly{alpha} emitters, possibly detectable with the current instrumentation. The absorption and emission signals provide a possible distinction between these two classes of thermospheres in hot gas planets. According to our results, WASP-80 and GJ 3470 are currently the most promising targets for observational follow-up aimed at detecting atmospheric Ly{alpha} absorption signals.2016A&A...586A..75Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/586/A75CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/576/A21 : The PLUTO CLOUDY Interface (TPCI) (Salz+, 2015)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/586/A75https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/586/A75http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/586/A75https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/586/A75https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/586/A75http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/586/A75GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/586/A75/stars (List of planet with simulated atmosphere)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/586/A75/stars?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/586/A75/stars?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/586/A75/stars?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true133.149208328.33083330.0055555555555555566/4651 5009 9459 12644 12983 13569 14825 16432 24409 26771 28400 28548 30009 30466 31216 36794https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/586/A75?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/586/A75/starsList of planet with simulated atmosphereNamePlanet namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Simbad Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Simbad Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainFileNameName of the file with simulated atmosphere parametersmeta.idcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/586/A75/55cncbSimulated atmosphere of 55 Cnc brecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRRadius in planetary radiiphys.angSize;srcdoublerhoMass densityg.cm**-3phys.densitydoublevVelocitykm/sphys.velocdoublepPressuredyn.cm**-2phys.pressuredoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturedoublemuMean molecular weightphys.atmol.weightdoubleGRNet radiative-heatingerg.cm**-3.s**-1stat.paramdoubleheatfracHeating fractionstat.paramdoubleHfracH fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleH+fracH+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHefracHe fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe+fracHe+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe++fracHe++ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleJ/A+A/586/A75/corot2bSimulated atmosphere of CoRoT-2 brecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRRadius in planetary radiiphys.angSize;srcdoublerhoMass densityg.cm**-3phys.densitydoublevVelocitykm/sphys.velocdoublepPressuredyn.cm**-2phys.pressuredoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturedoublemuMean molecular weightphys.atmol.weightdoubleGRNet radiative-heatingerg.cm**-3.s**-1stat.paramdoubleheatfracHeating fractionstat.paramdoubleHfracH fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleH+fracH+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHefracHe fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe+fracHe+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe++fracHe++ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleJ/A+A/586/A75/gj1214bSimulated atmosphere of GJ 1214 brecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRRadius in planetary radiiphys.angSize;srcdoublerhoMass densityg.cm**-3phys.densitydoublevVelocitykm/sphys.velocdoublepPressuredyn.cm**-2phys.pressuredoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturedoublemuMean molecular weightphys.atmol.weightdoubleGRNet radiative-heatingerg.cm**-3.s**-1stat.paramdoubleheatfracHeating fractionstat.paramdoubleHfracH fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleH+fracH+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHefracHe fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe+fracHe+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe++fracHe++ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleJ/A+A/586/A75/gj3470bSimulated atmosphere of GJ 3470 brecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRRadius in planetary radiiphys.angSize;srcdoublerhoMass densityg.cm**-3phys.densitydoublevVelocitykm/sphys.velocdoublepPressuredyn.cm**-2phys.pressuredoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturedoublemuMean molecular weightphys.atmol.weightdoubleGRNet radiative-heatingerg.cm**-3.s**-1stat.paramdoubleheatfracHeating fractionstat.paramdoubleHfracH fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleH+fracH+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHefracHe fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe+fracHe+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe++fracHe++ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleJ/A+A/586/A75/gj436bSimulated atmosphere of GJ 436 brecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRRadius in planetary radiiphys.angSize;srcdoublerhoMass densityg.cm**-3phys.densitydoublevVelocitykm/sphys.velocdoublepPressuredyn.cm**-2phys.pressuredoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturedoublemuMean molecular weightphys.atmol.weightdoubleGRNet radiative-heatingerg.cm**-3.s**-1stat.paramdoubleheatfracHeating fractionstat.paramdoubleHfracH fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleH+fracH+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHefracHe fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe+fracHe+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe++fracHe++ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleJ/A+A/586/A75/hatp11bSimulated atmosphere of GJ HAT-P-11 brecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRRadius in planetary radiiphys.angSize;srcdoublerhoMass densityg.cm**-3phys.densitydoublevVelocitykm/sphys.velocdoublepPressuredyn.cm**-2phys.pressuredoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturedoublemuMean molecular weightphys.atmol.weightdoubleGRNet radiative-heatingerg.cm**-3.s**-1stat.paramdoubleheatfracHeating fractionstat.paramdoubleHfracH fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleH+fracH+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHefracHe fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe+fracHe+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe++fracHe++ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleJ/A+A/586/A75/hd149026Simulated atmosphere of HD 149026 bmuMean molecular weightphys.atmol.weightdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRRadius in planetary radiiphys.angSize;srcdoublerhoMass densityg.cm**-3phys.densitydoublevVelocitykm/sphys.velocdoublepPressuredyn.cm**-2phys.pressuredoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturedoubleGRNet radiative-heatingerg.cm**-3.s**-1stat.paramdoubleheatfracHeating fractionstat.paramdoubleHfracH fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleH+fracH+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHefracHe fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe+fracHe+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe++fracHe++ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleJ/A+A/586/A75/hd189733Simulated atmosphere of HD 189733 bHfracH fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRRadius in planetary radiiphys.angSize;srcdoublerhoMass densityg.cm**-3phys.densitydoublevVelocitykm/sphys.velocdoublepPressuredyn.cm**-2phys.pressuredoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturedoublemuMean molecular weightphys.atmol.weightdoubleGRNet radiative-heatingerg.cm**-3.s**-1stat.paramdoubleheatfracHeating fractionstat.paramdoubleH+fracH+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHefracHe fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe+fracHe+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe++fracHe++ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleJ/A+A/586/A75/hd209458Simulated atmosphere of HD 209458 brecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRRadius in planetary radiiphys.angSize;srcdoublerhoMass densityg.cm**-3phys.densitydoublevVelocitykm/sphys.velocdoublepPressuredyn.cm**-2phys.pressuredoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturedoublemuMean molecular weightphys.atmol.weightdoubleGRNet radiative-heatingerg.cm**-3.s**-1stat.paramdoubleheatfracHeating fractionstat.paramdoubleHfracH fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleH+fracH+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHefracHe fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe+fracHe+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe++fracHe++ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleJ/A+A/586/A75/hd97658bSimulated atmosphere of HD 97658 brecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRRadius in planetary radiiphys.angSize;srcdoublerhoMass densityg.cm**-3phys.densitydoublevVelocitykm/sphys.velocdoublepPressuredyn.cm**-2phys.pressuredoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturedoublemuMean molecular weightphys.atmol.weightdoubleGRNet radiative-heatingerg.cm**-3.s**-1stat.paramdoubleheatfracHeating fractionstat.paramdoubleHfracH fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleH+fracH+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHefracHe fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe+fracHe+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe++fracHe++ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleJ/A+A/586/A75/wasp10bSimulated atmosphere of WASP-10 brecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRRadius in planetary radiiphys.angSize;srcdoublerhoMass densityg.cm**-3phys.densitydoublevVelocitykm/sphys.velocdoublepPressuredyn.cm**-2phys.pressuredoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturedoublemuMean molecular weightphys.atmol.weightdoubleGRNet radiative-heatingerg.cm**-3.s**-1stat.paramdoubleheatfracHeating fractionstat.paramdoubleHfracH fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleH+fracH+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHefracHe fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe+fracHe+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe++fracHe++ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleJ/A+A/586/A75/wasp12bSimulated atmosphere of WASP-12 brecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRRadius in planetary radiiphys.angSize;srcdoublerhoMass densityg.cm**-3phys.densitydoublevVelocitykm/sphys.velocdoublepPressuredyn.cm**-2phys.pressuredoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturedoublemuMean molecular weightphys.atmol.weightdoubleGRNet radiative-heatingerg.cm**-3.s**-1stat.paramdoubleheatfracHeating fractionstat.paramdoubleHfracH fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleH+fracH+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHefracHe fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe+fracHe+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe++fracHe++ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleJ/A+A/586/A75/wasp43bSimulated atmosphere of WASP-43 bvVelocitykm/sphys.velocdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRRadius in planetary radiiphys.angSize;srcdoublerhoMass densityg.cm**-3phys.densitydoublepPressuredyn.cm**-2phys.pressuredoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturedoublemuMean molecular weightphys.atmol.weightdoubleGRNet radiative-heatingerg.cm**-3.s**-1stat.paramdoubleheatfracHeating fractionstat.paramdoubleHfracH fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleH+fracH+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHefracHe fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe+fracHe+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe++fracHe++ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleJ/A+A/586/A75/wasp77bSimulated atmosphere of WASP-77 brecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRRadius in planetary radiiphys.angSize;srcdoublerhoMass densityg.cm**-3phys.densitydoublevVelocitykm/sphys.velocdoublepPressuredyn.cm**-2phys.pressuredoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturedoublemuMean molecular weightphys.atmol.weightdoubleGRNet radiative-heatingerg.cm**-3.s**-1stat.paramdoubleheatfracHeating fractionstat.paramdoubleHfracH fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleH+fracH+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHefracHe fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe+fracHe+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe++fracHe++ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleJ/A+A/586/A75/wasp8bSimulated atmosphere of WASP-8 bvVelocitykm/sphys.velocdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRRadius in planetary radiiphys.angSize;srcdoublerhoMass densityg.cm**-3phys.densitydoublepPressuredyn.cm**-2phys.pressuredoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturedoublemuMean molecular weightphys.atmol.weightdoubleGRNet radiative-heatingerg.cm**-3.s**-1stat.paramdoubleheatfracHeating fractionstat.paramdoubleHfracH fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleH+fracH+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHefracHe fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe+fracHe+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe++fracHe++ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleJ/A+A/586/A75/wasp80bSimulated atmosphere of WASP-80 brecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRRadius in planetary radiiphys.angSize;srcdoublerhoMass densityg.cm**-3phys.densitydoublevVelocitykm/sphys.velocdoublepPressuredyn.cm**-2phys.pressuredoubleTTemperatureKphys.temperaturedoublemuMean molecular weightphys.atmol.weightdoubleGRNet radiative-heatingerg.cm**-3.s**-1stat.paramdoubleheatfracHeating fractionstat.paramdoubleHfracH fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleH+fracH+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHefracHe fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe+fracHe+ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdoubleHe++fracHe++ fraction (mixing ratio)stat.paramdouble