J/A+A/580/A18ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/580/A18doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35800018CDSFabrizio M.Nonino M.Bono G.Primas F.Thevenin F.Stetson P.B.,Cassisi S.Buonanno R.Coppola G.da Silva R.O.Dall'Ora M.,Ferraro I.Genovali K.Gilmozzi R.Iannicola G.Marconi M.,Monelli M.Romaniello M.Walker A.R.2017-10-05T08:11:05Z2015-07-22T08:40:43ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxieschemical-abundancesline-intensitiesWe have performed a new abundance analysis of Carina red giant (RG) stars from spectroscopic data collected with UVES (high spectral resolution) and FLAMES/GIRAFFE (high and medium resolution) at ESO/VLT. The former sample includes 44 RGs, while the latter consists of 65 (high-resolution) and ~800 (medium-resolution) RGs, covering a significant fraction of the galaxy's RG branch, and red clump stars. To improve the abundance analysis at the faint magnitude limit, the FLAMES/GIRAFFE data were divided into ten surface gravity and effective temperature bins. The spectra of the stars belonging to the same gravity and temperature bin were stacked. This approach allowed us to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in the faint magnitude limit (V>=20.5mag) by at least a factor of five. We took advantage of the new photometry index c_U,B,I_ introduced recently as an age and probably a metallicity indicator to split stars along the red giant branch. These two stellar populations display distinct [Fe/H] and [Mg/H] distributions: their mean iron abundances are -2.15+/-0.06dex ({sigma}=0.28), and -1.75+/-0.03dex ({sigma}=0.21), respectively. The two iron distributions differ at the 75% level. This supports preliminary results. Moreover, we found that the old and intermediate-age stellar populations have mean [Mg/H] abundances of -1.91+/-0.05dex ({sigma}=0.22) and -1.35+/-0.03dex ({sigma}=0.22); these differ at the 83% level. Carina's - element abundances agree, within 1{sigma}, with similar abundances for field halo stars and for cluster (Galactic and Magellanic) stars. The same outcome applies to nearby dwarf spheroidals and ultra-faint dwarf galaxies in the iron range covered by Carina stars. Finally, we found evidence of a clear correlation between Na and O abundances, thus suggesting that Carina's chemical enrichment history is quite different from that in the globular clusters.2015A&A...580A..18Fhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/580/A18CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/AJ/126/197 : Carina project. I. Bright variables stars (Dall'Ora+, 2003)J/PASP/124/519 : Iron abundances of Carina red giants (Fabrizio+, 2012)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/580/A18https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/580/A18http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/580/A18https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/580/A18https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/580/A18http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/580/A18GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/580/A18/table2 (List of cross-identified spectroscopic targets)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/580/A18/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/580/A18/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/580/A18/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true99.9825-50.96020.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/580/A18/table8 (Mean chemical abundances and dispersions)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/580/A18/table8?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/580/A18/table8?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/580/A18/table8?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true100.4775-50.95020.0055555555555555566/39094 39097 39100https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/580/A18?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/580/A18/table2List of cross-identified spectroscopic targetsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000.0)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000.0)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainFMT12Star ID according to Fabrizio et al., 2012 (J/PASP/124/519) [FMT2012] in Simbad (1)meta.idcharUVESStar ID for UVES sample, LG04[abc]_NNNNNN or CC_NNNNN or UKVNNNN (1)meta.idcharr_UVES[ab] Reference for UVES name (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharGHRStar ID for GHR (Giraffe High-Resolution) sample, MKVNNNN, [LHT2012] MKVNNNN (1)meta.idcharr_GHR[c] Reference for GHR name (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharGMR03Star ID for GMR03 sample, LG04a_NNNNNN (1)meta.idcharGMR08Star ID for GMR08 sample, CC_NNNNN (1)meta.idcharVSI12Star ID according Venn et al. 2012ApJ...751..102V, Car-NNN, [VSI2012] in Simbad (1)meta.idcharONameOther name (3)meta.id;meta.maincharEWDisplay the equivalent widthsmeta.ref.urlcharAbundDisplay the mean abundancesmeta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/580/A18/table3EWs and errors for individual UVES starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambdaLine wavelength {lambda} ({AA})0.1nmem.wl;spect.linedoubleElElement name and ionizationmeta.id;phys.atmol.element;phys.atmol.ionizationcharEPExcitation PotentialeVphys.atmol.excitationdoubleloggfOscillator strengthphys.atmol.oscStrengthdoubleCar2? Car2 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car2? Car2 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar3? Car3 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car3? Car3 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar4? Car4 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car4? Car4 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar10? Car10 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car10? Car10 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar12? Car12 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car12? Car12 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar13? Car13 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car13? Car13 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar14? Car14 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car14? Car14 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar15? Car15 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car15? Car15 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar16? Car16 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car16? Car16 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar18? Car18 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car18? Car18 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar19? Car19 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car19? Car19 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar20? Car20 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car20? Car20 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar21? Car21 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car21? Car21 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar22? Car22 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car22? Car22 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar23? Car23 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car23? Car23 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar24? Car24 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car24? Car24 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar25? Car25 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car25? Car25 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar27? Car27 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car27? Car27 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar28? Car28 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car28? Car28 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar29? Car29 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car29? Car29 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar30? Car30 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car30? Car30 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar31? Car31 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car31? Car31 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar32? Car32 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car32? Car32 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar33? Car33 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car33? Car33 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar34? Car34 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car34? Car34 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar35? Car35 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car35? Car35 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar36? Car36 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car36? Car36 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar37? Car37 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car37? Car37 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar38? Car38 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car38? Car38 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar39? Car39 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car39? Car39 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar40? Car40 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car40? Car40 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar41? Car41 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car41? Car41 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar42? Car42 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car42? Car42 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar43? Car43 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car43? Car43 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar44? Car44 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car44? Car44 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar45? Car45 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car45? Car45 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar46? Car46 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car46? Car46 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar47? Car47 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car47? Car47 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar48? Car48 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car48? Car48 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar49? Car49 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car49? Car49 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar50? Car50 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car50? Car50 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar51? Car51 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car51? Car51 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar52? Car52 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car52? Car52 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableCar53? Car53 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_Car53? Car53 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableJ/A+A/580/A18/table4EWs and errors for stacked stars in Giraffe HRElElement name and ionizationmeta.id;phys.atmol.element;phys.atmol.ionizationcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintInstGIRAFFE setup: HR10, HR13 or HR14 (1)meta.id;instrcharlambdaLine wavelength {lambda} ({AA})0.1nmem.wl;spect.linedoubleEPExcitation PotentialeVphys.atmol.excitationdoubleloggfOscillator strengthphys.atmol.oscStrengthdoubleHRold1? HRold1 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_HRold1? HRold1 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableHRold2? HRold2 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_HRold2? HRold2 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableHRold3? HRold3 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_HRold3? HRold3 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableHRold4? HRold4 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_HRold4? HRold4 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableHRint1? HRint1 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_HRint1? HRint1 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableHRint2? HRint2 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_HRint2? HRint2 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableHRint3? HRint3 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_HRint3? HRint3 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableHRint4? HRint4 equivalent width0.1pmspect.line.eqWidthdoublenullablee_HRint4? HRint4 equivalent width error0.1pmstat.errorfloatnullableJ/A+A/580/A18/table8Mean chemical abundances and dispersionsNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharAbmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStatus[OLD INT] Old or Intermediate populationmeta.notechar[OI/Fe]? Abundance [OI/Fe]log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablee_[OI/Fe]? rms uncertainty on [OI/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[OI/Fe]? Number of line used for [OI/Fe]meta.numberintnullable[NaI/Fe]? Abundance [NaI/Fe]log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablee_[NaI/Fe]? rms uncertainty on [NaI/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[NaI/Fe]? Number of line used for [NaI/Fe]meta.numberintnullable[MgI/Fe]? Abundance [MgI/Fe]log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablee_[MgI/Fe]? rms uncertainty on [MgI/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[MgI/Fe]? Number of line used for [MgI/Fe]meta.numberintnullable[SiI/Fe]? Abundance [SiI/Fe]log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablee_[SiI/Fe]? rms uncertainty on [SiI/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[SiI/Fe]? Number of line used for [SiI/Fe]meta.numberintnullable[CaI/Fe]? Abundance [CaI/Fe]log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablee_[CaI/Fe]? rms uncertainty on [CaI/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[CaI/Fe]? Number of line used for [CaI/Fe]meta.numberintnullable[TiII/Fe]? Abundance [TiII/Fe]log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablee_[TiII/Fe]? rms uncertainty on [TiII/Fe]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[TiII/Fe]? Number of line used for [TiII/Fe]meta.numberintnullable[FeI/H]? Abundance [FeI/H]log(Sun)phys.abundfloatnullablee_[FeI/H]? rms uncertainty on [FeI/H]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[FeI/H]? Number of line used for [FeI/H]meta.numberintnullable_RAPosition (from table2) (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition (from table2) (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/580/A18/LRabAbundances for old-population stars (table5) and intermediate-population stars (table 6) in Giraffe LRrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambdaLine Wavelength {lambda} ({AA})0.1nmem.wl;spect.linedoubleElElement name and ionizationmeta.id;phys.atmol.element;phys.atmol.ionizationcharEPExcitation PotentialeVphys.atmol.excitationdoubleloggfOscillator strengthphys.atmol.oscStrengthdoubleLRold1LRold1 abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloate_LRold1LRold1 abundance's errorstat.errorfloatLRold2LRold2 abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloate_LRold2LRold2 abundance's errorstat.errorfloatLRold3LRold3 abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloate_LRold3LRold3 abundance's errorstat.errorfloatLRold4LRold4 abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloate_LRold4LRold4 abundance's errorstat.errorfloatLRold5LRold5 abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloate_LRold5LRold5 abundance's errorstat.errorfloatLRold6LRold6 abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloate_LRold6LRold6 abundance's errorstat.errorfloatLRold7? LRold7 abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloatnullablee_LRold7? LRold7 abundance's errorstat.errorfloatnullableLRold8? LRold8 abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloatnullablee_LRold8? LRold8 abundance's errorstat.errorfloatnullableLRold9? LRold9 abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloatnullablee_LRold9? LRold9 abundance's errorstat.errorfloatnullableLRint1LRint1 abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloate_LRint1LRint1 abundance's errorstat.errorfloatLRint2LRint2 abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloate_LRint2LRint2 abundance's errorstat.errorfloatLRint3LRint3 abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloate_LRint3LRint3 abundance's errorstat.errorfloatLRint4LRint4 abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloate_LRint4LRint4 abundance's errorstat.errorfloatLRint5LRint5 abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloate_LRint5LRint5 abundance's errorstat.errorfloatLRint6LRint6 abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloate_LRint6LRint6 abundance's errorstat.errorfloatLRint7LRint7 abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloate_LRint7LRint7 abundance's errorstat.errorfloatLRint8? LRint8 abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloatnullablee_LRint8? LRint8 abundance's errorstat.errorfloatnullableLRint9? LRint9 abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloatnullablee_LRint9? LRint9 abundance's errorstat.errorfloatnullableLRrcLRrc abundance log({epsilon})phys.abundfloate_LRrcLRrc abundance's errorstat.errorfloat