J/A+A/580/A131ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/580/A131doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35800131CDSTaddia F.Sollerman J.Fremling C.Pastorello A.Leloudas G.,Fransson C.Nyholm A.Stritzinger M.D.Ergon M.Roy R.Migotto K.2017-09-29T09:03:23Z2016-01-15T10:46:18ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupernovaegalaxy-classification-systemsinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometrychemical-abundancesSome circumstellar-interacting (CSI) supernovae (SNe) are produced by the explosions of massive stars that have lost mass shortly before the SN explosion. There is evidence that the precursors of some SNe IIn were luminous blue variable (LBV) stars. For a small number of CSI SNe, outbursts have been observed before the SN explosion. Eruptive events of massive stars are named SN impostors (SN IMs) and whether they herald a forthcoming SN or not is still unclear. The large variety of observational properties of CSI SNe suggests the existence of other progenitors, such as red supergiant (RSG) stars with superwinds. Furthermore, the role of metallicity in the mass loss of CSI SN progenitors is still largely unexplored. Our goal is to gain insight into the nature of the progenitor stars of CSI SNe by studying their environments, in particular the metallicity at their locations. We obtain metallicity measurements at the location of 60 transients (including SNe IIn, SNe Ibn, and SN IMs) via emission-line diagnostic on optical spectra obtained at the Nordic Optical Telescope and through public archives. Metallicity values from the literature complement our sample. We compare the metallicity distributions among the different CSI SN subtypes, and to those of other core-collapse SN types. We also search for possible correlations between metallicity and CSI SN observational properties. We find that SN IMs tend to occur in environments with lower metallicity than those of SNe IIn. Among SNe IIn, SN IIn-L(1998S-like) SNe show higher metallicities, similar to those of SNe IIL/P, whereas long-lasting SNe IIn (1988Z-like) show lower metallicities, similar to those of SN IMs. The metallicity distribution of SNe IIn can be reproduced by combining the metallicity distributions of SN IMs (which may be produced by major outbursts of massive stars like LBVs) and SNe IIP (produced by RSGs). The same applies to the distributions of the normalized cumulative rank (NCR) values, which quantifies the SN association to HII regions. For SNe IIn, we find larger mass-loss rates and higher CSM velocities at higher metallicities. The luminosity increment in the optical bands during SN IM outbursts tend to be larger at higher metallicity, whereas the SN IM quiescent optical luminosities tend to be lower. The difference in metallicity between SNe IIn and SN IMs indicates that LBVs are only one of the progenitor channels for SNe IIn, with 1988Z-like and 1998S-like SNe possibly arising from LBVs and RSGs, respectively. Finally, even though line-driven winds likely do not primarily drive the late mass-loss of CSI SN progenitors, metallicity has some impact on the observational properties of these transients.2015A&A...580A.131Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/580/A131CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/sn : Asiago Supernova Catalogue (Barbon et al., 1999-)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/580/A131https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/580/A131http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/580/A131https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/580/A131https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/580/A131http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/580/A131GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/580/A131/table1 (Sample and basic data of 63 (38 SNe IIn, 6 SNe Ibn, 1 SN Ia-CSM, 18 SN IMs) CSI SN host galaxies)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/580/A131/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/580/A131/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/580/A131/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true190.412458326.07288890.0055555555555555566/550 1768 2372 2564 4178 4181 4459 4671 5200 5471 5504 5587 5647 5715 5751 5793 5797 5919 6048 6411 7534 7743 7878 7896 8973 10515 10595 10637 10755 10935 11246 11887 12452 14895 15592 15847 19710 19954 21047 21916 22739 23078 25958 25999 27521 28146 28149 28167 28253 28291 33096 35536 36729 36750 38156 44947 46999 48665https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/580/A131?format=asciiInfraredOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/580/A131/table1Sample and basic data of 63 (38 SNe IIn, 6 SNe Ibn, 1 SN Ia-CSM, 18 SN IMs) CSI SN host galaxiesSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNSN namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryTypeSN typesrc.classcharSource[ola/ ] Data source (1)meta.bibcharHostHost galaxymeta.id.parentcharzRedshiftsrc.redshiftdoubleRAJ2000SN right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000SN declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainRAHHost galaxy right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.raDEHHost galaxy declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec2a? Major axisarcminphys.angSizefloatnullable2b? Minor axisarcminphys.angSizefloatnullablettype? t-type (2)src.morph.typefloatnullablel_ttype[h] h: from Hyperledameta.notecharPA? Position angledegpos.posAngintnullabler2aReference for a and b axis (3)meta.bibcharrPAReference for PA (3)meta.bibcharrSN/R25? Radius ratiophys.angSize;srcfloatnullableJ/A+A/580/A131/table2Log of the photometric and spectroscopic observations at the Nordic Optical Telescope with ALFOSCSNSN namemeta.id;meta.maincharPhot2Photometry filterinstr.bandpasscharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTypeSN typesrc.classcharGalaxyGalaxy namemeta.id.parentcharPhot1Photometry filterinstr.bandpasscharInt1Integration time for Phot1 filter (s)time.epochcharInt2Integration time for Phot2 filter (s)time.epochcharIntSpSpectroscopy integration time (s) (1)time.intervalcharJ/A+A/580/A131/table3Deprojected and normalized distance from the host center and line ratios for the HII regions with observed spectrumrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNSN namemeta.id;meta.maincharr/R25? Deprojected and normalized distance from the host centerpos.distance;arith.ratiofloatnullablen_r/R25[** SN] Note on r/R25 (1)meta.notecharl_log(FNII/FHa)Upper limit flag on log(FNII/FHa)meta.code.errorcharlog(FNII/FHa)Line ratio F([NII]6584)/F(H{alpha})spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatl_log(FOIII/FHb)Upper limit flag on log(FOIII/FHb)meta.code.errorcharlog(FOIII/FHb)Line ratio F([OIII]5007)/F(H{beta})spect.line.intensity;arith.ratiofloatJ/A+A/580/A131/table7Wind velocity and mass-loss rate for a subsample of CSI SNe (IIn, Ibn, Ia-CSM).recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNSN namemeta.id;meta.maincharTypeSN typesrc.classcharl_VwLimit flag on Vwmeta.code.errorcharVwWind velocitykm/sphys.veloc;arith.ratiointVwu? Upper value of Vw when intervalkm/sphys.veloc;arith.ratiointnullablee_Vw? rms uncertainty on Vwkm/sstat.errorintnullablel_dM/dtLimit flag on dM/dtmeta.code.errorchardM/dt? Mass-loss ratesolMass/yrarith.ratefloatnullabledM/dtu? Upper value of dM/dt when intervalsolMass/yrphys.mass.lossfloatnullablee_dM/dt? rms uncertainty on dM/dtsolMass/yrstat.errorfloatnullableRefReferences and notes (1)meta.refcharJ/A+A/580/A131/table5Apparent (u/U,B,V,R/r/unf.,I/i) peak magnitudes, galactic and host extinction for the SNe IIn, Ibn, and Ia-CSM of our samplel_BmaxLimit flag on Bmaxmeta.code.errorcharn_Umax[u] u: u magnitudemeta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNSN namemeta.id;meta.maincharTypeSN typesrc.classcharl_UmaxLimit flag on Umaxmeta.code.errorcharUmax? Apparent U peak magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_Umax? rms uncertainty on Umaxmagstat.errorfloatnullableBmax? Apparent B peak magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_Bmax? rms uncertainty on Bmaxmagstat.errorfloatnullablel_VmaxLimit flag on Vmaxmeta.code.errorcharVmax? Apparent V peak magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_Vmax? rms uncertainty on Vmaxmagstat.errorfloatnullablel_RmaxLimit flag on Rmaxmeta.code.errorcharRmax? Apparent R peak magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_Rmax? rms uncertainty on Rmaxmagstat.errorfloatnullablen_Rmax[ur] r: r magnitude; u: unf magnitudemeta.notecharl_ImaxLimit flag on Imaxmeta.code.errorcharImax? Apparent I peak magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_Imax? rms uncertainty on Imaxmagstat.errorfloatnullablen_Imax[i] i: imax magnitudemeta.notecharAV(MW)Galactic extinctionmagphys.absorptionfloatAV(h)? Host extinctionmagphys.absorptionfloatnullableRefReferences (1)meta.refcharJ/A+A/580/A131/table6Absolute (U/u,B,V,R/r/unf.,I/i) peak magnitudes for the SNe IIn, Ibn, and Ia-CSM of our samplel_BMaxLimit flag on BMaxmeta.code.errorcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSNSN namemeta.id;meta.maincharTypeSN typesrc.classcharl_U/uMaxLimit flag on U/uMaxmeta.code.errorcharU/uMax? Absolute U or u peak magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatnullableBMax? Absolute B peak magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatnullablel_VMaxLimit flag on VMaxmeta.code.errorcharVMax? Absolute V peak magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablel_R/r/unfMaxLimit flag on R/r/unfMaxmeta.code.errorcharR/r/unfMax? Absolute R, r or unf peak magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatnullablel_I/iMaxLimit flag on I/iMaxmeta.code.errorcharI/iMax? Absolute I or i peak magnitudemagphys.magAbsfloatnullableJ/A+A/580/A131/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference numbermeta.id;meta.mainintBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharComCommentsmeta.notechar