J/A+A/579/A76ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/579/A76doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35790076CDSJimenez-Esteban F.M.Engels D.2018-12-05T12:34:56Z2015-11-17T14:26:57ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgiant-starsinfrared-sourcesinfrared-photometryExtremely reddened asymptotic giant branch stars (AGB) lose mass at high rates of >10^-5^M_{sun}_/yr. This is the very last stage of AGB evolution, in which stars in the mass range ~2.0-4.0M_{sun}_ (for solar metallicity) should have been converted to C stars already. The extremely reddened AGB stars in the Galactic bulge are however predominantly O-rich, implying that they might be either low-mass stars or stars at the upper end of the AGB mass range. Our goal is to determine the mass range of the most reddened AGB stars in the Galactic bulge. Using Virtual Observatory tools, we constructed spectral energy distributions of a sample of 37 evolved stars in the Galactic bulge with extremely red IRAS colours. We fitted DUSTY models to the observational data to infer the bolometric fluxes. Applying individual corrections for interstellar extinction and adopting a common distance, we determined luminosities and mass-loss rates, and inferred the progenitor mass range from comparisons with AGB evolutionary models. The observed spectral energy distributions are consistent with a classification as reddened AGB stars, except for two stars, which are proto-planetary nebula candidates. For the AGB stars, we found luminosities in the range ~3000-30000L_{sun}_ and mass-loss rates ~10^-5^-3x10^-4^M_{sun}_/yr. The corresponding mass range is ~1.1-6.0M_{sun}_ assuming solar metallicity. Contrary to the predictions of the evolutionary models, the luminosity distribution is continuous, with many O-rich AGB stars in the mass range in which they should have been converted into C stars already. We suspect that bulge AGB stars have higher than solar metallicity and therefore may avoid the conversion to C-rich. The presence of low-mass stars in the sample shows that their termination of the AGB evolution also occurs during a final phase of very high mass-loss rate, leading to optically thick circumstellar shells.2015A&A...579A..76Jhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/579/A76CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/431/779 : Optical/near-IR atlas of OH/IR stars (Jimenez-Esteban+, 2005)J/A+A/446/773 : GLMP sample of galactic OH/IR stars (Jimenez-Esteban+, 2006)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/579/A76https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/579/A76http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/579/A76https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/579/A76https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/579/A76http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/579/A76GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/579/A76/table1 (Galactic Bulge (GB) sample: observational parameters)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/579/A76/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/579/A76/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/579/A76/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true255.374375-31.07197220.0055555555555555566/28714 28723 28728-28729 28733-28734 28777 28787 28797 28800 28823-28824 28842 28845 28853-28854 28856 28869 28883 28886 28892 28897 28905 29205 29248 42365 42445 42451 42453 42458 42483 42833-428341.086335461506279e-21 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/579/A76?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/579/A76/table1Galactic Bulge (GB) sample: observational parametersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIRASIRAS namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000WISE right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000WISE declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainGLONWISE galactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATWISE galactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latdouble[12]-[25]IRAS [12]-[25] colour (1)magphot.color;em.IR.8-15um;em.IR.15-30umfloat[25]-[60]IRAS [25]-[60] colour (1)magphot.color;em.IR.15-30um;em.IR.30-60umfloatLRS[AI- ] IRAS low resolution spectrapos.angResolutioncharn_LRS[c] c: Classification by this work (see Sects. 2 and 3.1)meta.notecharVarIRAS variability indexmeta.code;src.varintOH[Y/N Sp] OH radio detection (2)meta.codecharH2O[Y/N] H_2_O radio detection (2)meta.codecharSiO[Y/N] SiO radio detection (2)meta.codecharVexp? Expansion velocity from the OH maser velocity range, or from CO data for IRAS 17495-2534km/sphys.veloc.expansionfloatnullablen_Vexp[f] f: Expansion velocity from CO datameta.notecharAKsAbsorption in Ks bandmagphys.absorptionfloatComComment (3)meta.notecharPSCDisplay data from the IRAS point source catalog (II/125)meta.ref.urlcharWISEDisplay data from WISE (II/311) and AllWISE (II/328) catalogsmeta.ref.urlcharSEDIR SED plot of this AGB starmeta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/579/A76/table2Photometric data collectedFKsFlux in 2MASS/VISTA Ks band (2.20um)Jyphot.mag;em.IR.KdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIRASIRAS namemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryn_IRAS[d] Note (1)meta.notecharn_FJ[ab] Note on J filter values (2)meta.notecharl_FJUpper limit flag on FJmeta.code.errorcharFJ? Flux in 2MASS/VISTA J band (1.25um)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_FJ? rms uncertainty on FJJystat.errordoublenullablen_FH[ab] Note on H filter values (2)meta.notecharl_FHUpper limit flag on FHmeta.code.errorcharFH? Flux in 2MASS/VISTA H band (1.65um)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Hdoublenullablee_FH? rms uncertainty on FHJystat.errordoublenullablen_FKs[ab] Note on Ks filter values (2)meta.notecharl_FKsUpper limit flag on FKsmeta.code.errorchare_FKs? rms uncertainty on FKsJystat.errordoublenullablel_FW1Upper limit flag on FW1meta.code.errorcharFW1? Flux in WISE W1 band (3.4um)Jyphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullablee_FW1? rms uncertainty on FW1Jystat.errordoublenullableFI1? Flux in GLIMPSE I1 band (3.56um)Jyphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullablee_FI1? rms uncertainty on FI1Jystat.errordoublenullableFI2? Flux in GLIMPSE I2 band (4.51um)Jyphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_FI2? rms uncertainty on FI2Jystat.errordoublenullableFW2? Flux in WISE W2 band (4.6um)Jyphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_FW2? rms uncertainty on FW2Jystat.errordoublenullableFI3? Flux in GLIMPSE I3 band (5.76um)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_FI3? rms uncertainty on FI3Jystat.errordoublenullableFI4? Flux in GLIMPSE I4 band (7.96um)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_FI4? rms uncertainty on FI4Jystat.errordoublenullableFA? Flux in MSX6C A band (8.28um)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_FA? rms uncertainty on FAJystat.errordoublenullableFS09? Flux in AKARI S09 band (9um)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_FS09? rms uncertainty on FS09Jystat.errordoublenullableFW3? Flux in WISE W3 band (11.6um)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_FW3? rms uncertainty on FW3Jystat.errordoublenullableF12? Flux in IRAS 12um bandJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_F12? rms uncertainty on F12Jystat.errordoublenullablel_FCUpper limit flag on FCmeta.code.errorcharFC? Flux in MSX6C C band (12.13um)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_FC? rms uncertainty on FCJystat.errordoublenullableFD? Flux in MSX6C D band (14.65um)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_FD? rms uncertainty on FDJystat.errordoublenullableFS18? Flux in AKARI S18 band (18um)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_FS18? rms uncertainty on FS18Jystat.errordoublenullablel_FEUpper limit flag on FEmeta.code.errorcharFE? Flux in MSX6C E band (21.3um)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_FE? rms uncertainty on FEJystat.errordoublenullableFW4? Flux in WISE W4 band (22.1um)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_FW4? rms uncertainty on FW4Jystat.errordoublenullableF25? Flux in IRAS 25um bandJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_F25? rms uncertainty on F25Jystat.errordoublenullableF60? Flux in IRAS 60um bandJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umdoublenullablee_F60? rms uncertainty on F60Jystat.errordoublenullablef_FS65[c] Flag on FS65 (2)meta.codecharl_FS65Upper limit flag on FS65meta.code.errorcharFS65? Flux in AKARI S65 band (65um)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umdoublenullablee_FS65? rms uncertainty on FS65Jystat.errordoublenullablef_FS90[c] Flag on FS90 (2)meta.codecharl_FS90Upper limit flag on FS90meta.code.errorcharFS90? Flux in AKARI S90 band (90um)Jyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umdoublenullablee_FS90? rms uncertainty on FS90Jystat.errordoublenullablel_F100Upper limit flag on F100meta.code.errorcharF100? Flux in IRAS 100um bandJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umdoublenullablef_FS140[c] Flag on FS140 (2)meta.codecharl_FS140Upper limit flag on FS140meta.code.errorcharFS140? Flux in AKARI S140 band (140um)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoublenullablee_FS140? rms uncertainty on FS140Jystat.errordoublenullablef_FS160[c] Flag on FS160 (2)meta.codecharl_FS160Upper limit flag on FS160meta.code.errorcharFS160? Flux in AKARI S160 band (160um)Jyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoublenullablee_FS160? rms uncertainty on FS160Jystat.errordoublenullable