J/A+A/572/A88ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/572/A88doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35720088CDSLemasle B.de Boer T.Hill V.Tolstoy E.Irwin M.Jablonka P.,Venn K.Battaglia G.Starkenburg E.Shetrone M.Letarte B.Francois P.,Helmi A.Primas F.Kaufer A.Szeifert T.2022-05-02T14:36:48Z2014-12-02T11:51:26ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frchemical-abundancesgalaxieslate-type-starsline-intensitiesFornax is one of the most massive dwarf spheroidal galaxies in the Local Group. The Fornax field star population is dominated by intermediate age stars but star formation was going on over almost its entire history. It has been proposed that Fornax experienced a minor merger event. Despite recent progress, only the high metallicity end of Fornax field stars ([Fe/H]>-1.2dex) has been sampled in larger number via high resolution spectroscopy. We want to better understand the full chemical evolution of this galaxy by better sampling the whole metallicity range, including more metal poor stars. We use the VLT-FLAMES multi-fibre spectrograph in high-resolution mode to determine the abundances of several alpha, iron-peak and neutron-capture elements in a sample of 47 individual Red Giant Branch stars in the Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy. We combine these abundances with accurate age estimates derived from the age probability distribution from the colour-magnitude diagram of Fornax. Similar to other dwarf spheroidal galaxies, the old, metal-poor stars of Fornax are typically alpha-rich while the young metal-rich stars are alpha-poor. In the classical scenario of the time delay between Type II (SNe II) and Type Ia Supernovae (SNe Ia), we confirm that SNe Ia started to contribute to the chemical enrichment at [Fe/H] between -2.0 and -1.8dex. We find that the onset of SNe Ia took place between 12-10Gyrs ago. The high values of [Ba/Fe], [La/Fe] reflect the influence of SNe Ia and AGB stars in the abundance pattern of the younger stellar population of Fornax. Our findings of low [alpha/Fe] and enhanced [Eu/Mg] are compatible with an initial mass function that lacks the most massive stars and with star formation that kept going on throughout the whole history of Fornax. We find that massive stars kept enriching the interstellar medium in alpha-elements, although they were not the main contributor to the iron enrichment.2014A&A...572A..88Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/572/A88CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/AJ/127/840 : VRI photometry of Fornax red giants (Pont+, 2004)J/A+A/459/423 : VI and [Fe/H] of Fornax dSph RGB stars (Battaglia+, 2006)J/A+A/467/1025 : JHK photometry of Fornax red giant branch (Gullieuszik+ 2007)J/A+A/572/A82 : Abundances in outer parts of Fornax dSph (Hendricks+, 2014)J/MNRAS/394/795 : AGB stars in Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxy (Whitelock+ 2009)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/572/A88https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/572/A88http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/572/A88https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/572/A88https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/572/A88http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/572/A88GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/572/A88/tablea3 (Positional, photometric and kinematic data for our targets)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/572/A88/tablea3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/572/A88/tablea3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/572/A88/tablea3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true39.66725-34.65327780.0055555555555555566/359688.643406281242892e-20 4.920466254354166e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/572/A88?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/572/A88/tablea3Positional, photometric and kinematic data for our targetsEWName of the column in table7 with equivalent widths for this sourcemeta.idcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName (rgbNNNN or Fnx-memNNNN, for RGB Fornax members or other members)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainBmag? CTIO/MOSAIC B magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableVmag[18.1/18.9] CTIO/MOSAIC V magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatImag? CTIO/MOSAIC (or ESO/WFI) I magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableJmag? ESO VISTA J magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableHmag? ESO VISTA H magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableKmag? ESO VISTA Ks magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableRV[4/84] Radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVrms uncertainty on RVkm/sstat.errorfloatParamindicates atmospheric parameters and individual abundances in tables 3 and/or A5meta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/572/A88/table7Equivalent widths for 37 starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambdaWavelength0.1nmem.wlfloatElElementphys.atmol.elementcharEPExcitation potentialeVphys.atmol.excitationfloatloggfOscillator strengthphys.atmol.oscStrengthfloatm0514? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem05140.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0522? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem05220.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0532? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem05320.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0539? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem05390.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0543? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem05430.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0556? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem05560.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0572? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem05720.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0574? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem05740.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0584? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem05840.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0595? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem05950.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0598? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem05980.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0604? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem06040.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0606? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem06060.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0607? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem06070.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0612? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem06120.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0613? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem06130.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0626? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem06260.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0629? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem06290.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0631? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem06310.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0633? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem06330.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0634? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem06340.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0638? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem06380.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0647? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem06470.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0654? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem06540.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0664? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem06640.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0675? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem06750.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0678? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem06780.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0682? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem06820.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0704? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem07040.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0712? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem07120.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0714? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem07140.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0715? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem07150.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0717? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem07170.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0732? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem07320.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0747? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem07470.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0754? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem07540.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullablem0779? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-mem07790.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullabler0507? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-rgb05070.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullabler0509? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-rgb05090.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullabler0522? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-rgb05220.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullabler0539? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-rgb05390.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullabler0553? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-rgb05530.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullabler0556? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-rgb05560.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullabler0561? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-rgb05610.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullabler0574? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-rgb05740.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullabler0590? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-rgb05900.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullabler0596? Equivalent width (m{AA}) for Fnx-rgb05960.1pmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableJ/A+A/572/A88/table3Atmospheric parameters Teff, logg, Vt and [Fe/H] for stars in our sampleTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName (rgbNNNN or Fnx-memNNNN, for RGB Fornax members or other members)meta.id;meta.maincharloggSurface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatVtMicroturbulent velocitykm/sphys.velocfloat[Fe/H]Metallicityphys.abund.Zfloatl_AgeLimt flag on Agemeta.code.error;time.agecharAgeAgeGyrtime.agefloate_Age? rms uncertainty on AgeGyrstat.error;time.agefloatnullableS/NH10Signal-to-noise ratio (HR10 grating)stat.snrintS/NH13Signal-to-noise ratio (HR13 grating)stat.snrintS/NH14Signal-to-noise ratio (HR14 grating)stat.snrintJ/A+A/572/A88/tablea5Individual abundances for the RGB stars in our samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint[FeI/H]Abundance [FeI/H]phys.abundfloate_[FeI/H]rms uncertainty on [FeI/H]stat.error;phys.abundfloato_[FeI/H]Number of lines used for [FeI/H]meta.numberint[FeII/H]? Abundance [FeII/H]phys.abundfloatnullablee_[FeII/H]? rms uncertainty on [FeII/H]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[FeII/H]? Number of lines used for [FeII/H]meta.numberintnullable[Na/H]? Abundance [Na/H]phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Na/H]? rms uncertainty on [Na/H]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[Na/H]? Number of lines used for [Na/H]meta.numberintnullable[Mg/H]? Abundance [Mg/H]phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Mg/H]? rms uncertainty on [Mg/H]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[Mg/H]? Number of lines used for [Mg/H]meta.numberintnullable[Si/H]? Abundance [Si/H]phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Si/H]? rms uncertainty on [Si/H]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[Si/H]? Number of lines used for [Si/H]meta.numberintnullable[Ca/H]? Abundance [Ca/H]phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Ca/H]? rms uncertainty on [Ca/H]stat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[Ca/H]? Number of lines used for [Ca/H]meta.numberintnullableNameName (rgbNNNN or Fnx-memNNNN, for RGB Fornax members or other members)meta.id;meta.mainchar