Tracers of the Milky Way mass J/A+A/562/A134 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/562/A134 doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.35620134 CDS Bratek L. Sikora S. Jalocha J. Kutschera M. 2026-01-13T19:39:52Z 2014-02-20T12:59:45Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr milky-way-galaxy stellar-masses We model the phase-space distribution of the kinematic tracers using general, smooth distribution functions to derive a conservative lower bound on the total mass within ~~150-200kpc. By approximating the potential as Keplerian, the phase-space distribution can be simplified to that of a smooth distribution of energies and eccentricities. Our approach naturally allows for calculating moments of the distribution function, such as the radial profile of the orbital anisotropy. We systematically construct a family of phase-space functions with the resulting radial velocity dispersion overlapping with the one obtained using data on radial motions of distant kinematic tracers, while making no assumptions about the density of the tracers and the velocity anisotropy parameter {beta} regarded as a function of the radial variable. While there is no apparent upper bound for the Milky Way mass, at least as long as only the radial motions are concerned, we find a sharp lower bound for the mass that is small. In particular, a mass value of 2.4x10^11^M_{sun}_, obtained in the past for lower and intermediate radii, is still consistent with the dispersion profile at larger radii. Compared with much greater mass values in the literature, this result shows that determining the Milky Way mass is strongly model-dependent. We expect a similar reduction of mass estimates in models assuming more realistic mass profiles. 2014A&A...562A.134B https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/562/A134 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/562/A134 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/562/A134 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/562/A134 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/562/A134 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/562/A134 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/562/A134 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/A+A/562/A134/table1 (Radial velocity tracers with the largest r*v_t_^2^/2G and samples SI and SII used in the text) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/562/A134/table1? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/562/A134/table1? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/562/A134/table1? 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49085 49103 49128-49129 49149-49150 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/562/A134?format=ascii default J/A+A/562/A134/table1 Radial velocity tracers with the largest r*v_t_^2^/2G and samples SI and SII used in the text recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int Name Object name (2) meta.id;meta.main char SName Short name used in the paper for 5 objects meta.id char Mass Mass observable r*v_r_^2^/2G (1) 1e+11solMass phys.mass double Dist Approximate Galactocentric distance (1) kpc pos.distance float SI [+-] Included (+) or excluded (-) in SI sample meta.code char SII [+-] Included (+) or excluded (-) in SII sample meta.code char SimbadName Simbad column added by the CDS meta.id nullable _RA Positions, from Simbad or SDSS names (right ascension part) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main nullable _DE Positions, from Simbad or SDSS names (declination part) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main nullable